{"id":1034,"date":"2012-02-11T10:44:35","date_gmt":"2012-02-11T09:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/11\/komunismus-a-faismus-22\/"},"modified":"2012-02-11T10:44:35","modified_gmt":"2012-02-11T09:44:35","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/11\/komunismus-a-faismus-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (22)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"logo\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" width=\"120\" height=\"91\" \/>3. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ideje socialismu \/komunismu\/<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>a\/ Idea rovnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Socialismus je spjat s ideou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnosti. Na rozd\u00edl od vulg\u00e1rn\u00edch p\u0159edstav \/p\u016fvodn\u00edho tzv.hrub\u00e9ho, rovnost\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho komunismu\/ se j\u00ed nem\u00edn\u00ed rovnost\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 absolutn\u00ed rovnost p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v konzumu. Jde o rovnost v rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed oblasti spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, v z\u00e1kladu jej\u00ed struktury a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, ve vztahu k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm. Jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 interpretace znamenaj\u00ed hrub\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed socialistick\u00fdch idej\u00ed. Socialismus \/komunismus\/ nepova\u017eoval na rozd\u00edl od malom\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00fdch ideolog\u016f \/v\u010detn\u011b Proudhona\/ vlastnictv\u00ed za kr\u00e1de\u017e, ale za historick\u00fd produkt, za spoluur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017eku v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu, kter\u00e1 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch pro\u0161la z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi p\u0159em\u011bnami \/spole\u010denskoekonomick\u00e9 formace\/. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnosti m\u011bly b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159eny soci\u00e1ln\u011b spravedliv\u00e9 vztahy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liber\u00e1lov\u00e9, konzervativci a ve vyhrocen\u00fdch formulac\u00edch tak\u00e9 fa\u0161ist\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed po\u017eadavek rovnosti za zcela absurdn\u00ed, za nedosti\u017en\u00fd sen, za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku norm\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Kapitalismus je spjat s ideou svobody. Znamen\u00e1 v\u0161ak jen to, \u017ee v\u0161ichni jedinci maj\u00ed n\u00e1rok na rovn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a \u00factu, ale nemaj\u00ed pro napln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a svobod stejn\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady, nad\u00e1n\u00ed a schopnosti. V\u00edc v\u0161ak, ne\u017e pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rovnost \/garance pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu\/, jim liber\u00e1ln\u00ed politika nehodl\u00e1 poskytnout, nem\u00e1-li b\u00fdt p\u0159irozen\u00fd r\u00e1d v\u011bc\u00ed rozvr\u00e1cen. Za p\u0159irozenou se proto pova\u017euje biologicky \u010ci geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 nerovnost lid\u00ed \/a u fa\u0161ist\u016f tak\u00e9 ras a n\u00e1rod\u016f\/, odli\u0161en\u00ed disponovan\u00fdch a nedisponovan\u00fdch, mas a elit a hierarchick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, vl\u00e1da elit nad spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00fdm ideologick\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem je tu obhajoba soukrom\u00e9ho kapitalistick\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f jako p\u0159\u00edrodou p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V kapitalistick\u00e9m spole\u010densk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu mohly b\u00fdt d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, lidov\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m poskytnuty r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fastupky. V\u017edy se v\u0161ak pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eilo, aby jejich mo\u017enost vstoupit do politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota nevedla k ohro\u017een\u00ed samotn\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f existence syst\u00e9mu. Takov\u00e1 obava tu byla p\u0159esto trvale p\u0159\u00edtomna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marxismus je zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n, odm\u00edt\u00e1n a nen\u00e1vid\u011bn proto, \u017ee velice systematicky a pr\u016fkazn\u011b zd\u016fvodnil nezbytnost i mo\u017enost z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zm\u011bny spole\u010densk\u00e9ho uspoo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zm\u011bny v\u00fdrobn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu, prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159echodu rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f do kolektivn\u00edho, spole\u010densk\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed a t\u00edm utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f neodcizen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnou svobodu v\u0161em lidsk\u00fdm individu\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed spor je o svobodu individua. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to oblasti dokazuje marxismus a socialismus svou p\u0159evahu na liber\u00e1ln\u00edm pojet\u00edm svobody jako z\u00e1pasu &#8222;kdo s koho&#8220;, v n\u011bm\u017e vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1 za &#8222;rovn\u00fdch&#8220; \/pr\u00e1vn\u00edch\/ podm\u00ednek ten zdatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. O fa\u0161istick\u00e9m pojet\u00ed svobody nemluv\u011b: v n\u011bm je svoboda ztoto\u017en\u011bna s v\u016fl\u00ed v\u016fdce, inspirovan\u00e9ho Proz\u0159etelnost\u00ed, se z\u00e1vislost\u00ed mas na elit\u00e1ch a pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00fdch ras a n\u00e1rod\u016f pansk\u00e9 rase a pansk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ideje socialismu \/komunismu\/ a\/ Idea rovnosti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1034"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1034"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1034\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}