{"id":1043,"date":"2012-02-12T12:36:49","date_gmt":"2012-02-12T11:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/12\/bitva-u-corregidor\/"},"modified":"2012-02-12T12:36:49","modified_gmt":"2012-02-12T11:36:49","slug":"bitva-u-corregidor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/12\/bitva-u-corregidor\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitva u Corregidor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"corregidorPo p\u0159epaden\u00ed Parl Harboru a zni\u010den\u00ed americk\u00e9ho tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva nastoupilo do ofenz\u00edvy cel\u00e9 Japonsko. T\u00e9ho\u017e dne, kdy byl podniknut \u00fatok na Pearl Harbor, opustila jin\u00e1 eskadra z\u00e1liv Cam-Ranh v b\u00fdval\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 Indo\u010d\u00edn\u011b, kde guvern\u00e9r kolaborantsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ve Vichy uvolnil Japonc\u016fm dv\u011b z\u00e1kladny. C\u00edl eskadry: Malajsko a Singapur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Za\u010dala nev\u00eddan\u00e1 kampa\u0148 v d\u017eungli. Japonce nezastavilo nic. Ani vedra, na n\u011b\u017e um\u00edrali tankist\u00e9 v tanc\u00edch, ani divok\u00e9 \u0159eky. Angli\u010dan\u00e9 zni\u010dili v\u0161echny mosty, ale japon\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci vydr\u017eeli st\u00e1t ve vod\u011b cel\u00e9 hodiny s kl\u00e1dami na ramenou. A tak  p\u0159ech\u00e1zela \u010deta zo \u010detou, rota za rotou. Malajskou d\u017eungli  zdolali od severu k jihu za \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f. Domorod\u00e9 obyvatelstvo
zd\u011b\u0161en\u011b prchalo s anglick\u00fdmi p\u00e1ny p\u0159ed japonsk\u00fdmi jednotkami. Ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ci \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili o Japonc\u00edch \u00fad\u011bsn\u00e9 zv\u011bsti, jimi\u017e rozvraceli mor\u00e1lku pos\u00e1dek br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00edch jednotliv\u00e9 osady a vn\u00e1\u0161eli paniku do jejich velen\u00ed. Po 1100 km ofenz\u00edvy stanuly jednotky gener\u00e1la Yama\u0161ity 25. ledna 1942 p\u0159ed ostrovem, na n\u011bm\u017e se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pevnost Singapur \u2014 Gibraltar V\u00fdchodu. Tuto hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria bylo mo\u017eno h\u00e1jit z mo\u0159e, Japonci v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161li po sou\u0161i. Jejich \u00fatok na m\u011bsto za\u010dal o p\u016flnoci 8. \u00fanora 1942. Dv\u011bma divizemi p\u0159ekonali 1 km \u0161irok\u00fd Malack\u00fd pr\u016fliv a za\u00fato\u010dili na anglick\u00e9 z\u00e1kopy.<\/p>\n

Angli\u010dan\u00e9 m\u011bli zna\u010dnou po\u010detn\u00ed p\u0159evahu a mohli \u00fatok \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odrazit, ale pov\u011bsti vykonaly sv\u00e9. Kdy\u017e ve\u0161lo ve zn\u00e1most, \u017ee nelze pou\u017e\u00edt velkor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed pevnostn\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159electvo, 450 mm kan\u00f3ny singapursk\u00e9 pevnosti – d\u011bla byla zam\u00ed\u0159ena na mo\u0159e – zm\u011bnil se strach v paniku. Po liknav\u00e9m t\u00fddenn\u00edm odporu se anglick\u00fd gener\u00e1l Percival vzdal i se 70000 mu\u017ei pos\u00e1dky. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee Anglie utrp\u011bla na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b smrtelnou r\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n

Corregidor –  Pearl Harbor sou\u0161e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Souostrov\u00ed Filip\u00edny byly americkou koloni\u00ed na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b od roku 1898. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v nich vytvo\u0159ily svou opevn\u011bnou v\u00fdspu u b\u0159eh\u016f asijsk\u00e9 pevniny. V dob\u011b japonsk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku zde velel gener\u00e1l MacArthur.<\/p>\n

Poprv\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dily japonsk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry na Filip\u00edny ji\u017e 10. prosince 1941. Jejich c\u00edlem byla n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladna Corite nedaleko hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Manily. Letouny p\u0159ilet\u011bly ve t\u0159ech vln\u00e1ch, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 bylo 27 stroj\u016f, a z v\u00fdsky 7000 m svrh\u00e1valy pumy po dobu t\u0159iceti minut.<\/p>\n

Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s evropsk\u00fdmi boji\u0161ti \u0161lo o nepatrnou epizodu. Av\u0161ak Ameri\u010dany nesm\u00edrn\u011b vylekala, jak o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed velitele n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch sil na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch gener\u00e1la Francise Rockwella: \u201eHrdlo z\u00e1toky a cel\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna v plamenech. Sklady st\u0159eliva na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nezasa\u017eeny. 500 mrtv\u00fdch. T\u011bla byla tak zni\u010dena, \u017ee se je nepoda\u0159ilo identifikovat. Zcela zni\u010deno velitelstv\u00ed z\u00e1kladny \u2014 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1sah. D\u016fsledky \u00fatoku pro n\u00e1s velmi kritick\u00e9.“<\/p>\n

Rovn\u011b\u017e 10. prosince se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu filip\u00ednsk\u00e9mu ostrovu Luzonu dv\u011b japonsk\u00e9 eskadry a v jeho severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vysadily na b\u0159eh 2000 mu\u017e\u016f. O dva dny pozd\u011bji se na jihu ostrova, u Legaspi, vylodilo 2500 voj\u00e1k\u016f. V americk\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e po\u010det p\u0159esahoval 95 000 mu\u017e\u016f, za\u010daly kolovat popla\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee cel\u00e1 arm\u00e1da je sev\u0159ena do kle\u0161t\u00ed. Na proti\u00fatok nikdo nepomyslel. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u010dinnost se omezila na pr\u016fzkum a „pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed“ nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n

Japonsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed bylo liknav\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm zmateno, zprvu je pokl\u00e1dalo za l\u00e9\u010dku. Teprve 22. prosince, kdy si zjednalo jistotu o tom, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 neza\u00fato\u010d\u00ed, vylodilo men\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly p\u0159\u00edmo u Manilsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed noci 7000 mu\u017e\u016f v z\u00e1toce Lamon.<\/p>\n

To sta\u010dilo, aby se MacArthur rozhodl hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto nebr\u00e1nit a j\u00e1dro sil st\u00e1hnout na z\u00e1pad od m\u011bsta, na poloostrov Bataan. Zde na\u0159\u00eddil hloubit z\u00e1kopy, budovat opevn\u011bn\u00ed a br\u00e1nit se, jak nejd\u00e9le bude mo\u017eno. Sv\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edstil na ostr\u016fvek Corregidor, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017en\u011b od Bataanu, jen\u017e byl ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn v pevnost: byla pod n\u00edm vyhloubena s\u00ed\u0165 tunel\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohly odolat d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 palb\u011b i leteck\u00e9mu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. Japonci za\u010dali neru\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159eskupovat na voln\u00fd Luzon v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly \u2014 v\u00fdsadkov\u00fd sbor o s\u00edle 200 000 mu\u017e\u016f. \u00dato\u010dili nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b.<\/p>\n

4. b\u0159ezna 1942 opustil gener\u00e1l MacArthur na rozkaz presidenta Roosewelta Corregidor o odplul do Austr\u00e1lie. Za\u010d\u00ednala posledn\u00ed f\u00e1ze bitvy. V\u0161eobecnou ofenz\u00edvu Japonci zah\u00e1jili 3. dubna. Za \u0161est dn\u00ed obsadili Bataan a zajali 70 000 Ameri\u010dan\u016f a Filip\u00ednc\u016f. Corregidor se br\u00e1nil je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bs\u00edc. Kdy\u017e 11 500 mu\u017e\u016fm do\u0161lo st\u0159elivo i potraviny, vzdal se gener\u00e1l Waiwrigt s celou pos\u00e1dkou v\u00edt\u011bz\u016fm na milost a nemilost.<\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed boj skon\u010dil. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 byli z D\u00e1ln\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu vytla\u010deni. Jejich voj\u00e1ky \u010dekala stra\u0161liv\u00e1 pou\u0165 z jednoho zajateck\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora do druh\u00e9ho. Hubila je mal\u00e1rie, tyfus, hlad, krut\u00e9 zach\u00e1zeni o \u00fatrapy p\u0159esun\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tenno heika banzai!<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u0165 \u017eije c\u00edsa\u0159 deset tis\u00edc let!<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd pok\u0159ik japonsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f se nesl v roce 1942 cel\u00fdm D\u00e1ln\u00fdm v\u00fdchodem. Za dv\u011b st\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fdch dn\u00ed rozdrtili v Pacifiku americk\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo, kdysi vl\u00e1dce Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, pro\u0161li bahnit\u00fdmi d\u017eunglemi, strm\u00fdmi poho\u0159\u00edmi, zdolali nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b. V b\u0159eznu 1942 porazili Holan\u010fany a obsadili Indon\u00e9sii, Anglii vyrvali Barmu, Australany smetli z Irianu.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed etapa velk\u00e9ho c\u00edle \u2014 vytvo\u0159it japonskou \u201eVelkou Asii“ \u2014 byla dovr\u0161ena.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1ny na druhou etapu se zd\u00e1ly prost\u00e9: v l\u00e9t\u011b 1943 p\u0159ekro\u010dit \u0159eku Indus a v Indii se spojit s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi jednotkami postupuj\u00edc\u00edmi od z\u00e1padu. To m\u011bl b\u00fdt triumf v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 fronta promluvila podruh\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po Pearl Harbaru byl Hitler nad\u0161en japonskou agresivitou. Vypov\u011bd\u011bl v\u00e1lku Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a spol\u00e9hal na to, \u017ee Japonci vypov\u011bd\u00ed v\u00e1lku Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu. Ale a\u010dkoliv v\u00e1l\u010dil cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, k\u00fd\u017een\u00e9 fronty v Mand\u017eusku, na Sibi\u0159i a na Amuru se nacist\u00e9 nedo\u010dkali. Sem se Japonci po zku\u0161enostech z roku 1939 \u00fato\u010dit ob\u00e1vali. Hitler\u016fv sen o setk\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch a japonsk\u00fdch arm\u00e1d na Urale se rozplynul.<\/p>\n

A nemohly vyj\u00edt ani nad\u011bje Japonc\u016f na setk\u00e1n\u00ed v Indii. Koncem roku 1942 ji\u017e nacistick\u00e9 hordy dostaly lekci u Stalingradu. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vyhr\u00e1la \u010das i pro spojence. Mohli p\u0159ipravit protiofenz\u00edvu v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Archiv NoS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po p\u0159epaden\u00ed Parl Harboru a zni\u010den\u00ed americk\u00e9ho tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva nastoupilo do ofenz\u00edvy cel\u00e9 Japonsko. T\u00e9ho\u017e dne, kdy byl podniknut \u00fatok<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[102,34,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1043"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1043"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1043\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}