{"id":1048,"date":"2012-02-17T13:42:00","date_gmt":"2012-02-17T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/17\/praske-barikady-1848\/"},"modified":"2012-02-17T13:42:00","modified_gmt":"2012-02-17T12:42:00","slug":"praske-barikady-1848","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/17\/praske-barikady-1848\/","title":{"rendered":"Pra\u017esk\u00e9 barik\u00e1dy 1848"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1046\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"1848-1\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/1848-1.jpg\" height=\"81\" width=\"120\" \/><strong>Ud\u00e1losti, o kter\u00fdch bud \u0159e\u010d, vypukla roku 1848 a zachv\u00e1tily t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou Evropu. Jej\u00ed ko\u0159eny tkv\u011bly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno v minulosti, v okam\u017eiku, kdy se rozto\u010dila kola prvn\u00edch stroj\u016f manufaktur, kdy na Bastile zavl\u00e1l \u010dervenomodrob\u00edl\u00fd prapor s hesly volnosti, rovnosti a svobody.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Byly to ud\u00e1losti, kdy se masy postavily proti bod\u00e1k\u016fm monarchistick\u00fdch arm\u00e1d, aby uvolnily cestu nov\u00fdm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm sil\u00e1m, aby odstranily st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 vztahy mezi lidmi a st\u00e1tem, aby nastolily pr\u00e1vo jednotlivce jako\u017eto svobodn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka spole\u010dnosti. Byla to \u0159ada revoluc\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 1848, kter\u00e9 \u201ehlu\u010dn\u011b a neorganizovan\u011b vyhl\u00e1sily osvobozeni proletari\u00e1tu &#8211; toto tajemstv\u00ed XIX. stolet\u00ed&#8220; (K. Marx). Na obou stran\u00e1ch ve\u0161ly do boje na statis\u00edce bojovn\u00edk\u016f a pro \u010desk\u00fd lid je d\u011bn\u00ed roku 1848 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, nebo\u0165 byl spolu\u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem tohoto pokrokov\u00e9ho z\u00e1pasu evropsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Habsbursk\u00e1 monarchie byla slepencem navz\u00e1jem si ciz\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Byly udr\u017eov\u00e1ny v hranic\u00edch c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdm tm\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu, p\u0159\u00edsnost\u00ed v\u0161eovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hlubokou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou zaostalost\u00ed, zalo\u017eenou na nevolnick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti d\u011bln\u00edka a roln\u00edka v\u016f\u010di dr\u017eitel\u016fm v\u00fdrobn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a p\u016fdy. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se ve \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech zvy\u0161ovala nespokojenost lidov\u00fdch mas i pokrokov\u00e9 inteligence. V t\u00e9to nespokojenosti se objevovaly rozpory hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, politick\u00e9, n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed \u00ed kulturn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Revolu\u010dn\u00ed plamen vzpl\u00e1l v \u010dervnu 1848 v Praze, v n\u00ed\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b zasedal Slovansk\u00fd sjezd \u2014 kongres z\u00e1stupc\u016f rakousk\u00fdch Slovan\u016f, je\u017e si dal za c\u00edl vy\u0159e\u0161it postaven\u00ed a pr\u00e1va slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v monarchii habsbursk\u00e9 i mimo ni. Revoluci v Praze p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo v b\u0159eznu vystoupen\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho lidu, je\u017e vedlo k odstoupen\u00ed reak\u010dn\u00edho kancl\u00e9\u0159e Metternicha; v Uhr\u00e1ch vznikla nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 uhersk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, v Mil\u00e1n\u011b lid donutil Radeck\u00e9ho st\u00e1hnout se do severoitalsk\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V \u010cech\u00e1ch pod vlivem b\u0159eznov\u00fdch ud\u00e1losti vznikl N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor, politick\u00fd org\u00e1n \u010desk\u00e9 bur\u017eoazie, za\u010daly se zakl\u00e1dat N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy a ozbrojen\u00e9 studentsk\u00e9 legie. Pouze povst\u00e1n\u00ed v Krakov\u011b bylo potla\u010deno. B\u0159ezen 1848 byl bezesporu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou p\u0159edehrou revoluce a uk\u00e1zal s\u00edlu lidov\u00fdch mas. Kontrarevoluce ustoupila, av\u0161ak zbran\u011b neslo\u017eila \u2014 Krakov byl p\u0159\u00edkladem, jak hodl\u00e1 situaci \u0159e\u0161it i jinde. I kdy\u017e v kv\u011btnu je\u0161t\u011b musela kapitulovat p\u0159ed po\u017eadavky v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho lidu, Praha se m\u011bla o tom brzy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit. Do \u010cech se obr\u00e1tily protirevolu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly. Mohly vyu\u017e\u00edt hlubok\u00fdch rozpor\u016f uvnit\u0159 vedouc\u00ed politick\u00e9 s\u00edly \u2014 bur\u017eoazie, mohly vyu\u017eit nacionalistick\u00fdch t\u0159enic, nejednotnosti a neorganizovanosti \u010desk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Rakousk\u00e1 moc se na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed v Praze p\u0159ipravila \u2014 potom je sama vyprovokovala, aby je t\u00edm energi\u010dt\u011bji zlikvidovala a uvolnila si ruce k boji proti dal\u0161\u00edm ohnisk\u016fm revoluce v habsbursk\u00e9 monarchii. Je zarmucuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010desk\u00e1 liber\u00e1ln\u00ed bur\u017eoazie se ji v tom stala \u00fa\u010dinnou pomocnic\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Jak prob\u00edhaly boje v Praze v \u010dervnu 1848?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. a 2. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Pra\u017esk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka, v jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1lek Windischgr\u00e4tz, osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd reakcion\u00e1\u0159, obnovuje d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 palebn\u00e1 postaven\u00ed na Pet\u0159\u00edn\u011b, Hrad\u010danech a na Vy\u0161ehrad\u011b. D\u011bla jsou umis\u0165ov\u00e1na do postaven\u00ed a jejich hlavn\u011b m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na Star\u00e9 M\u011bsto. Denn\u011b od 5 do 21 hodin proch\u00e1zej\u00ed ulicemi zes\u00edlen\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 hl\u00eddky bez ohledu na dosud povolenou str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dkovou slo\u017eku N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy \u2014 ozbrojen\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu bur\u017eoazie. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed vedou k nervozit\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u radik\u00e1ln\u00ed bur\u017eoazie a u student\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo k bou\u0159\u00edm. Je to v\u00fdsm\u011bch W\u00edndischgr\u00e4tze v\u0161em demokratick\u00fdm sil\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00daTER\u00dd 6. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Na pl\u00e1ni u karl\u00ednsk\u00e9 Invalidovny se kon\u00e1 velk\u00e1 p\u0159ehl\u00eddka pra\u017esk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky. Windischgr\u00e4tz je nad\u0161en\u011b oslavov\u00e1n voj\u00e1ky (mezi nimi\u017e bylo jist\u011b i mnoha \u010cech\u016f). M\u016f\u017ee se spolehnout na sv\u00e9 s\u00edly. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom i ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f pos\u00e1dky obyvatelstvu. To u\u017e byla otev\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00fdzva.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NED\u011aLE 11. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Windischgr\u00e4tz p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 delegaci student\u016f. Ti mu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 ji po\u017eadavek: vydat studentsk\u00fdm legi\u00edm dva tis\u00edce pu\u0161ek, osmdes\u00e1t tis\u00edc n\u00e1boj\u016f, baterii d\u011bl. Delegace byla p\u0159ijata velmi nep\u0159\u00e1telsky a odm\u00edtnuta. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dce vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena pohotovost. V universitn\u00ed aule se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed studenti a oz\u00fdvaji se prv\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy: barik\u00e1dy!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>POND\u011aL\u00cd 12. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> V toto svatodu\u0161n\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed byla v r\u00e1mci Slovansk\u00e9ho sjezdu slavena na Ko\u0148sk\u00e9m trhu (dne\u0161n\u00edm V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed) u sochy sv. V\u00e1clava m\u0161e. Po m\u0161i se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky (mezi nimi\u017e bylo p\u0159es 2000 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f) vol\u00e1n\u00ed: Okolo Windischgr\u00e4tze! M\u011bla to b\u00fdt demonstrace a obl\u00edben\u00e1 ko\u010di\u010dina pod okny pra\u017esk\u00e9ho velitelstv\u00ed v Celetn\u00e9 ulici. Ozbrojen\u00e9 studentstvo se se\u0161lo zat\u00edm u Klementina. Dva proudy \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f m\u0161e se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed do Celetn\u00e9. Jeden proud jde p\u0159es P\u0159\u00edkopy, druh\u00fd p\u0159es Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. Proud jdouc\u00ed p\u0159es P\u0159\u00edkopy zabo\u010dil Pra\u0161nou branou. U velitelstv\u00ed se setkal s odd\u00edlem&nbsp; gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd \u0161el z kas\u00e1ren na velitelstv\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddat str\u00e1\u017e. Z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din do\u0161lo k poty\u010dce a velitel gran\u00e1tnick\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu por. Jablonski dal vojsku povel bod\u00e1ky rozehnat lid. Zat\u00edm do boje zas\u00e1hl i druh\u00fd proud demonstrant\u016f ze Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed odd\u00edl gran\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f z budovy velitelstv\u00ed. V tomto st\u0159etnut\u00ed bylo p\u0159es 50 lid\u00ed zran\u011bno. Rozlehlo se heslo: Vzh\u016fru na barik\u00e1dy!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Windischgr\u00e4tz vyhl\u00e1sil pos\u00e1dce poplach. Velitel N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy kn\u00ed\u017ee Lobkovic i purkmistr Wanka marn\u011b vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ke klidu. Povst\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak ji\u017e nedalo zadr\u017eet. B\u011bhem dne vzniklo v ulic\u00edch 200 a\u017e 400 barik\u00e1d! Jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch byla v Celetn\u00e9 ulici (v \u00fast\u00ed Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9ho nam\u011bst\u00ed), a to do v\u00fd\u0161e prvn\u00edho poschod\u00ed dom\u016f. Zbran\u011b si bojovnici opat\u0159ovali jednak p\u0159epad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch hl\u00eddek, zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch skladi\u0161\u0165 a str\u00e1\u017enic, ze \u0161lechtick\u00fdch sb\u00edrek, ba i n\u00e1sil\u00edm od odd\u00edl\u016f N\u00e1rodn\u00edch gard. J\u00e1drem obrany byla budova Klementina a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i jak\u00fdmsi \u0161t\u00e1bem revoluce, i kdy\u017e o n\u011bjak\u00e9m jednotn\u00e9m velen\u00ed je t\u011b\u017eko bohu\u017eel mluvit. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky studentsk\u00fdch legi\u00ed a spolk\u016f bylo vid\u011bt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na v\u0161ech barik\u00e1d\u00e1ch, a to i studenty polsk\u00e9 a v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9. Vedle student\u016f to byl pra\u017esk\u00fd proletari\u00e1t, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159il hlavn\u00ed k\u00e1dr bojovn\u00edk\u016f. \u010clenov\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy a m\u011bs\u0165an\u00e9 se na barik\u00e1d\u00e1ch nevyskytli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u016fbec. Windischgr\u00e4tz v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee revoluce m\u00e1 nedostatek zbran\u00ed. Proto byl rozhodnut energicky povst\u00e1n\u00ed zlikvidovat. Na\u0159\u00eddil d\u011blost\u0159electvem a kolonami vojska \u00fato\u010dit na barik\u00e1dy a uvolnit cestu Celetn\u00e1 \u2014 P\u0159\u00edkopy \u2014 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda (dne\u0161n\u00ed) \u2014 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd most &#8211; Mal\u00e1 Strana. Vojska \u00fakol provedla do ve\u010dera. Barik\u00e1dy na t\u00e9to trase byly rozmet\u00e1ny a jej\u00edch obh\u00e1jci pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni jezdectvem. Vojsko proniklo Celetnou tak\u00e9 na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9 nam\u011bst\u00ed a p\u0159es Ovocn\u00fd trh na P\u0159\u00edkopy. Bylo dobito i Karolinum. V podve\u010der studenti zajali u Klementina c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho mistodr\u017eitele hrabete Thuna, kter\u00fd \u0161el projedn\u00e1vat s nimi kapitulaci.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1047\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"1848-2\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/1848-2.jpg\" height=\"198\" width=\"300\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00daTER\u00dd 13. \u010cERVNA<\/strong> v 5,00 h. vypr\u0161ela lh\u016fta dan\u00e1 vojskem &#8211; vyklidit barik\u00e1dy z ulic. Proto znovu byly zah\u00e1jeny boje, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kde na vojsko bylo st\u0159\u00edleno z barik\u00e1dy u radnice a z radni\u010dn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee. Pos\u00e1dce b\u011bhem noci do\u0161ly posily z Terez\u00edna, Pardubic, \u017datce a odjinud, tak\u017ee Windischgr\u00e4tz m\u011bl k dispozici na 40 000 mu\u017e\u016f. Nad\u011bje student\u016f na pomoc i venkova se nespl\u0148ovala. B\u011bhem dne doch\u00e1zelo jen k men\u0161\u00edm p\u016ftk\u00e1m. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed garda se zcela p\u0159iklonila k vl\u00e1dn\u00ed moci a st\u0159e\u017eila po\u0159\u00e1dek na Mal\u00e9 Stran\u011b. Jen n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jednotlivci p\u0159e\u0161li k revoluci. Dopoledne zasedala na radnici porada bur\u017eoazn\u00edch p\u0159ed\u00e1k\u016f \u2014 liber\u00e1l\u016f a vyslala k Windischgr\u00e4tzovi delegaci k jedn\u00e1ni o zastaven\u00ed boj\u016f. Windischgr\u00e4lz ulo\u017eil pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00edrn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Vojsko z lev\u00e9ho b\u0159ehu Vltavy d\u00e1le post\u0159elovalo prav\u00fd b\u0159eh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ST\u0158EDA 14. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Do Prahy p\u0159ijeli z V\u00eddn\u011b vl\u00e1dn\u00ed komisa\u0159i, aby vyjednali zastaveni boj\u016f. Byli opat\u0159en\u00ed pln\u00fdmi mocemi, mezi nimi\u017e bylo i odvol\u00e1n\u00ed Windischgr\u00e4tze. V jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nedo\u0161lo k v\u00fdsledku. Windischgr\u00e4tz se rozhodl k nov\u00e9 taktice: aby zamezil ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m vojska v pouli\u010dn\u00edm boji, st\u00e1hl jednotky na Malou Stranu, odkud ovl\u00e1dl prot\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u0159eh sv\u00fdmi bateriemi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u010cTVRTEK 15. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Vojsko \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no p\u0159e\u0161lo p\u0159es \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd most a karl\u00ednsk\u00fd viadukt na lev\u00fd vltavsk\u00fd b\u0159eh. Na lid to p\u016fsobilo optimisticky a zavl\u00e1dla radostn\u00e1 n\u00e1lada. V 8.00 h. v\u0161ak byla zah\u00e1jena d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 palba zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na Mosteckou v\u011b\u017e a Klementinum. Windischgr\u00e4tz, podporov\u00e1n sv\u00fdmi jednotkami, odm\u00edtl odstoupit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>P\u00c1TEK 16. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Den byl ve znamen\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle nich m\u011bly b\u00fdt barik\u00e1dy odstran\u011bny, av\u0161ak to se d\u011blo jen velmi liknav\u011b, v\u011bt\u0161inou z iniciativy N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy a bur\u017eoazie. Windischgr\u00e4tz vydal ultimatum: nobudou-li barik\u00e1dy do 12.00 hodin 17.6. odstran\u011bny, zah\u00e1j\u00ed bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v podve\u010der v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k p\u0159est\u0159elce a byl vyd\u00e1n rozkaz k palb\u011b. P\u0159i n\u00ed byly zap\u00e1leny starom\u011bstsk\u00e9 ml\u00fdny a vod\u00e1rna. Ohe\u0148 zu\u0159il celou noc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>SOBOTA 17. \u010cERVNA:<\/strong> Obyvatelstva se zmocnil strach z dal\u0161\u00edho bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 a konzervativn\u00ed politici v \u010dele s Palack\u00fdm i Havl\u00ed\u010dkem nal\u00e9haj\u00ed na revolu\u010dn\u00ed studenty a d\u011blniky, aby okam\u017eit\u011b zastavili boj. Windischgr\u00e4tz je p\u00e1nem situace a odm\u00edt\u00e1 nab\u00eddky na jedn\u00e1ni. P\u0159eje si bezpodm\u00edne\u010dnou kapitulaci. D\u011bla i d\u00e1le post\u0159eluj\u00ed Prahu, kde v\u0161ak ve\u0161ker\u00fd odpor ji\u017e ustal a boje skon\u010dily. Praha se vzdala a sv\u016fj boj zaplatila n\u011bkolika des\u00edtkami padl\u00fdch. Po skon\u010den\u00ed boj\u016f vt\u00e1hlo vojsko do sv\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch s\u00eddel ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed Praze a nad m\u00edstem byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en stav oble\u017een\u00ed. Zah\u00e1jila \u010dinnost vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise a do 3. 7. zatkla na 230 osob. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed (Fastr, Fri\u010d, Sladkovsk\u00fd, Kampel\u00edk a jin\u00ed) v\u0161ak uprchli z m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Potla\u010den\u00edm pra\u017esk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo, jak je rakousk\u00e1 moc ochotna p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se pokrokov\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm. V Praze vystoupila reakce poprv\u00e9 proti revoluci zbran\u011bmi. Pluky, kter\u00e9 rozmetaly pra\u017esk\u00e9 barik\u00e1dy, za \u010das znovu nastoupily proti barik\u00e1d\u00e1m v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fdm i budape\u0161\u0165sk\u00fdm. Reakce slavila do\u010dasn\u011b \u00fasp\u011bch, a to i na jin\u00fdch boji\u0161t\u00edch. Ot\u00e1zka revoluce je na \u010das odsunuta. Absolutismus se na \u010das upevnil. Av\u0161ak n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ta, v nich\u017e se upev\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm organizace evropsk\u00e9ho praletari\u00e1tu, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 r. 1815 nebyly vy\u0159e\u0161eny. N\u00e1vodem bylo d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 ne n\u00e1hodou vy\u0161lo v p\u0159edve\u010der r. 1848 &#8211;<em> &#8222;Manifest komunistick\u00e9 strany&#8220; Marxe a Engelse.<\/em> Silami tohoto nov\u00e9ho revolu\u010dn\u00edho proudu se stal proletari\u00e1t a jeho d\u011blnick\u00e9 strany v\u011brny bojov\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b: Prolet\u00e1\u0159i v\u0161ech zem\u00ed \u2014 spojte se!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ud\u00e1losti, o kter\u00fdch bud \u0159e\u010d, vypukla roku 1848 a zachv\u00e1tily t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou Evropu. Jej\u00ed ko\u0159eny tkv\u011bly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno v minulosti,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[165,166,168,106,167,169],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1048"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}