{"id":1067,"date":"2021-02-24T00:32:23","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T23:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/24\/osamoceny-vystel\/"},"modified":"2021-03-16T23:35:14","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T22:35:14","slug":"osamoceny-vystel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/02\/24\/osamoceny-vystel\/","title":{"rendered":"Osamocen\u00fd v\u00fdst\u0159el"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>O legend\u00e1rn\u00edm odst\u0159elova\u010di <em>Vasiliji Zajcevovi,<\/em> byl nato\u010den sice strhuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale p\u0159esto zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a myln\u00fd film &#8222;<a href=\"http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nep%C5%99%C3%ADtel_p%C5%99ed_branami\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nep\u0159\u00edtel p\u0159ed branami<\/a>&#8222;.\u00a0 Jak to bylo doopravdy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1065 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/zajcev.jpg\" alt=\"zajcev\" width=\"200\" height=\"253\" \/>Podzim 1942. Boje ve stalingradsk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch byly st\u00e1le krut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Hitler zu\u0159il. Ji\u017e d\u00e1vno m\u011blo b\u00fdt m\u011bsto v jeho rukou, ji\u017e d\u00e1vno pro\u0161ly v\u0161echny term\u00edny, v nich\u017e se chystal ozn\u00e1mit sv\u011btu: Stalingrad je m\u016fj, m\u00e1 neporaziteln\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pokra\u010duje v \u00faderu na Kavkaz, Baku a d\u00e1l, na jihov\u00fdchod&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Boj o m\u011bsto se zm\u011bnil v tis\u00edce v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch i men\u0161\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f, v boje o domy, o jednotliv\u00e1 poschod\u00ed, o ka\u017edou rozvalinu. Boj arm\u00e1dy proti arm\u00e1d\u011b se \u010dasto v\u00edc podobal boji mu\u017ee proti mu\u017ei. Z v\u00fdchodu zasahuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 divize Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, s nimi\u017e p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed do ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bsta zku\u0161en\u00ed sibi\u0159\u0161t\u00ed lovci. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji zn\u00ed v sutin\u00e1ch osamocen\u00e9 v\u00fdst\u0159ely. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mnoho jmen slavn\u00fdch odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f z\u016fstalo zachov\u00e1no. Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich byl <em>Vasilij Zajcev<\/em>, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk 284. st\u0159eleck\u00e9 divize, hrdina Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, Toto jm\u00e9no brzy znala cel\u00e1 Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. A nejen ona, i N\u011bmci. Zajcev si mezi nimi vyb\u00edral ty nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z Berl\u00edna byl urychlen\u011b povol\u00e1n nejlep\u0161\u00ed hitlerovsk\u00fd specialista, instruktor \u0161koly odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f major K\u00f6nings. Dostal jedin\u00fd \u00fakol: zni\u010dit Zajceva. O K\u00f6ningsov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjezdu se od pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f z\u00e1hy dov\u011bd\u011bl i Zajcev.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1066\" style=\"float: left;\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/volgograd2.jpg\" alt=\"volgograd2\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dramatick\u00fd souboj.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kde je K\u00f6nings? Jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 zvyky? Jak se \u201epodepisuje&#8220;?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zajcev vypr\u00e1v\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eNa\u0161e ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo dlouho bezv\u00fdsledn\u00e9. \u010casto m\u011bnil pozice, a jako j\u00e1 za n\u00edm, sl\u00eddil i on za mnou. Jednoho dne rozbil nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd odst\u0159elova\u010d m\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edteli Uralci Morozovovi optick\u00fd zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d. Druh\u00e9ho kamar\u00e1da post\u0159elil&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To je on, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m si.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Prvn\u00ed den<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je\u0161t\u011b za sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jsem vyhledal s Nikolajem Kulikovem ost\u0159elovan\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Znal jsem to tam kolem dokola do nejmen\u0161\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed. Cel\u00fd den ub\u011bhl v pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. A ned\u011blo se nic. A\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za soumraku se nad fa\u0161istick\u00fdm z\u00e1kopem znenad\u00e1n\u00ed vysunuje p\u0159\u00edlba. Pomalu se sune pod\u00e9l z\u00e1kopu. St\u0159\u00edlet? Nest\u0159\u00edlet? Vz\u00e1jemn\u011b chytra\u010d\u00edme a vy\u010dk\u00e1v\u00e1me. P\u0159\u00edlba se pohybuje v p\u0159\u00edmce, nep\u0159irozen\u011b. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 ji posunuje n\u011bjak\u00fd fric\u016fv pomocn\u00edk, K\u00f6nings zat\u00edm \u010dek\u00e1 n\u011bkde pobl\u00ed\u017e o \u010d\u00edh\u00e1. Douf\u00e1, \u017ee se prozrad\u00edm. Ne\u00fanavn\u00e1 trp\u011blivost posunova\u010de na prot\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b m\u011b utvrzuje, \u017ee &#8218;berl\u00ednsk\u00fd&#8216; odst\u0159elova\u010d nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jinde ne\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b zde.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Druh\u00fd den<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ub\u011bhl stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>T\u0159et\u00ed den<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tenkr\u00e1t u\u017e to nevydr\u017eel ani n\u00e1\u0161 politruk Davidov. \u0160el s n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eTamhle je, prstem ti ho uk\u00e1\u017eu,&#8220; za\u0161eptal Davidov a malinko se na vte\u0159inku neopatrn\u011b pozvedl nad st\u0159\u00edlnu. To sta\u010dilo. Dostal j\u00ed. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed byl jen ran\u011bn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tak bleskov\u011b mohl vyst\u0159elit jen on \u2014 v\u00fdborn\u00fd odst\u0159elova\u010d. A mus\u00ed b\u00fdt n\u011bkde p\u0159\u00edmo naproti n\u00e1m. Ale kde? Znovu a znovu si prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edm nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 pozice, kter\u00e9 jsem znal jako n\u00e1sobilku. Nic, naprosto nic nov\u00e9ho. Zleva rozbit\u00fd tank, zprava pevn\u016fstka. Je v tanku? Nen\u00ed? Proti hovo\u0159\u00ed zav\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklop. Mezi tankem a pevn\u016fstkou, na rovince p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00e1telskou lini\u00ed, le\u017e\u00ed velk\u00fd \u017eelezn\u00fd pl\u00e1t&#8230; Ale ten tam je tak\u00e9 d\u00e1vno.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sna\u017e\u00edm se v\u017e\u00edt do situace sv\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka. Kde bych si vybral m\u00edsto j\u00e1? \u017de bych se v noci pod pl\u00e1t podkopal? Ano, tam by mohl b\u00fdt! \u2014 potvrzuji s\u00e1m sob\u011b \u2014 pod tou deskou, v neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nasazuji na kus klacku pal\u010d\u00e1k, zved\u00e1m. Pr\u00e1sk! V\u00fdborn\u011b! Prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edm si d\u00edru. St\u0159ela p\u0159i\u0161la p\u0159esn\u011b z p\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9ho sm\u011bru.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kdy\u017e se ti tam l\u00edb\u00ed, tak si po\u010dkej. My si zat\u00edm s Kulikovem v noci najdeme nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u010ctvrt\u00fd den<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010cek\u00e1me cel\u00e9 dopoledne, a\u017e se n\u00e1m slunce op\u0159e do zad. Na\u0161e optika by n\u00e1s mohla prozradit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V mez\u00edrce pod p\u0159edn\u00edm krajem pl\u00e1tu zablesklo. Skl\u00ed\u010dko? Optika? Kulikov opatrn\u011b vysouv\u00e1 p\u0159ilbu&#8230; N\u011bmec vyst\u0159elil. Kulikov se na zlomek vte\u0159iny vzp\u0159\u00edmil, hlasit\u011b vyk\u0159ikl a klesl.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ten v d\u00ed\u0159e se zaradoval, byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee m\u011b dostal. Ztratil opatrnost, vzty\u010dil hlavu. Zm\u00e1\u010dkl jsem spou\u0161\u0165&#8230; Jednou, bleskov\u011b!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osam\u011bl\u00fd v\u00fdst\u0159el v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bitv\u011b d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Konec m\u00e9 \u017eivotni epizody&#8230;&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jen v 62, arm\u00e1d\u011b, v jedn\u00e9 z arm\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1nily Stalingrad, bylo 400 odst\u0159elova\u010d\u016f. Pobili p\u0159es 6000 fa\u0161istick\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Obr. 1 &#8211; Vasilj Zajcev se svou pu\u0161kou. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Obr. 2: Jeden ze dvou strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily stalingradskou bitvu&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Nep\u0159\u00edtel p\u0159ed branami CZ dabing\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gqiwA8gWXdI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O legend\u00e1rn\u00edm odst\u0159elova\u010di Vasiliji Zajcevovi, byl nato\u010den sice strhuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale p\u0159esto zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a myln\u00fd film &#8222;Nep\u0159\u00edtel p\u0159ed branami&#8222;.\u00a0 Jak to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[51,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1067"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1067"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3277,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1067\/revisions\/3277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}