{"id":1069,"date":"2012-02-24T17:01:22","date_gmt":"2012-02-24T16:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/24\/operace-eclipse\/"},"modified":"2012-02-24T17:01:22","modified_gmt":"2012-02-24T16:01:22","slug":"operace-eclipse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/02\/24\/operace-eclipse\/","title":{"rendered":"Operace Eclipse"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1068\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"vysadek\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/vysadek.jpg\" height=\"129\" width=\"200\" \/>Je mnoho d\u016fkaz\u016f o tom, \u017ee se z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci sna\u017eili po celou dobu v\u00e1lky obsadit Berl\u00edn jako prvn\u00ed. U\u017e v srpnu 1944 maj\u00ed hotov pl\u00e1n Talisman a n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk \u0161t\u00e1bu 1. spojeneck\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Parks o n\u011bm v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed informuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edky: <em>\u201eTalisman je pl\u00e1n mohutn\u00e9 operace v Evrop\u011b pro p\u0159\u00edpad n\u011bmeck\u00e9 kapitulace nebo jin\u00fdch nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed&#8230;&#8220;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nesporn\u011b \u0161lo o to, aby z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nacistick\u00e9 kapitulace postoupili co nejrychleji do hloubky pora\u017een\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka na \u00fakor Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Uplynul v\u0161ak m\u011bs\u00edc od chv\u00edle, kdy gener\u00e1l Parks informoval n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00edky, a z trofejn\u00edch dokument\u016f vyplynulo, \u017ee se nacistick\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka o pl\u00e1nu Talisman dov\u011bd\u011bla. Proto byl urychlen\u011b p\u0159epracov\u00e1n a dostal n\u00e1zev Eclipse.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>V\u00ddSADKY NA BERL\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plukovn\u00edk B. Oldfield, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l, z\u0159ejm\u011b jako \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk, u kol\u00e9bky t\u00e9to operace, prozradil v 60. letech na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch americk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho tisku: \u201eV listopadu 1944 m\u011b v Holandsku nav\u0161t\u00edvil p\u0159edstavitel hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu a informoval m\u011b o mohutn\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 operaci proti Berl\u00ednu. Za\u010dne okam\u017eit\u011b, jakmile se bu\u010f zda\u0159\u00ed atent\u00e1t na Hitlera, nebo a\u017e bude svr\u017eena nacistick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, nebo a\u017e v Berl\u00edn\u011b dojde k jin\u00e9mu odporu &#8230;&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci po\u010d\u00edtali s t\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd takov\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd odpor m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat i postup Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy sm\u011brem k Berl\u00ednu. Obyvatelstvo ze strachu svrhne vl\u00e1du, a zat\u00edmco Sov\u011bti budou \u00fato\u010dit po zemi, snesou se do centra nacistick\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e tis\u00edce americk\u00fdch a britsk\u00fdch v\u00fdsadk\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Tento \u00fakol byl sv\u011b\u0159en spojeneck\u00e9 1. v\u00fdsadkov\u011b arm\u00e1d\u011b, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z jednoho americk\u00e9ho a jednoho britsk\u00e9ho sboru. Britsk\u00fd sbor tvo\u0159ila 1. a 6. v\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 divize s 52. dopravn\u00ed leteckou diviz\u00ed a 1. samostatnou polskou brig\u00e1dou. Americk\u00fd sbor se skl\u00e1dal ze 17., 82. a 101. v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 divize. V\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se pe\u010dliv\u011b na tuto velkou operaci p\u0159ipravuje. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fanor 1945 a spojeneck\u00e9 velen\u00ed ur\u010duje s definitivn\u00ed platnost\u00ed prostory pro pad\u00e1kov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadky a plochy pro dopravn\u00ed kluz\u00e1ky. 82. divize obsad\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Tempelhof a Rangsdorf, 101. divize ovl\u00e1dne leti\u0161t\u011b Gatow a Staaken. jedna britsk\u00e1 brig\u00e1da si vezme na starost leti\u0161t\u011b Oranienburg a Sch\u00f6nwald. Jedna skupina na plukovn\u00ed \u00farovni vytvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1lohu, bude v pohotovosti a na p\u0159\u00edkaz vstoup\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do Berl\u00edna, aby tu likvidovala eventu\u00e1ln\u00ed ohniska odporu. Ke zd\u00e1rn\u00e9mu dovr\u0161en\u00ed akce m\u00e1 b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipraveno sto dopravn\u00edch letadel. Ta p\u0159evezou do Berl\u00edna vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 odborn\u00edky z oblasti politiky, vojenstv\u00ed a technick\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky. Americk\u00fd plukovn\u00edk B. Oldfield k tomu nezakryt\u00e9 dodal: \u201eKdyby byl v\u00fdsadek uskute\u010dn\u011bn a udr\u017eel se n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, byla by to nesm\u00edrn\u00e1 v\u00fdhra, proto\u017ee by se n\u00e1m jako prvn\u00edm otev\u0159ely nacistick\u00e9 sejfy, tajn\u00e9 arch\u00edvy a jin\u00e9 dokumenty. A p\u0159irozen\u011b by v na\u0161ich rukou byli i v\u0161ichni \u017eiv\u00ed nacisti\u010dt\u00ed pohlav\u00e1\u0159i&#8230;&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>MARN\u00c9 \u010cEK\u00c1N\u00cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ub\u00edhaj\u00ed dny, t\u00fddny, ale operace Eclipse, propracovan\u00e1 do nejmen\u0161\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le jen na pap\u00ed\u0159e. Marn\u011b je o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n atent\u00e1t na Hitlera, n\u011bjak\u00e1 vzpoura gener\u00e1l\u016f nebo zjevn\u00fd odpor proti vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska mezit\u00edm zah\u00e1jila drtiv\u00fd n\u00e1por na Berl\u00edn a nespol\u00e9hala se na to, \u017ee v srdci nacistick\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e dojde k n\u011b\u010demu, co jim vyd\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010d od m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed 24. duben. Netrp\u011bliv\u00fd velitel spojeneck\u00e9 1. v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00fd dr\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e m\u011bs\u00edce sv\u00e9 \u00fatvary v nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 pohotovosti, odes\u00edl\u00e1 dotaz do hlavn\u00edho stanu: \u201eUva\u017euje se v\u016fbec je\u0161t\u011b o v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch operac\u00edch proti Berl\u00ednu a Kielu na z\u00e1klad\u011b pl\u00e1nu Eclipse? M\u00e1m protich\u016fdn\u00e9 informace. Pros\u00edm o objasn\u011bn\u00ed&#8230;&#8220; Odpov\u011b\u010f z hlavn\u00edho stanu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den: \u201eV\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 operace proti Berl\u00ednu na z\u00e1klad\u011b pl\u00e1nu Eclipse se ru\u0161\u00ed. Operace proti Kielu se mo\u017en\u00e1 uskute\u010dn\u00ed&#8230;&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pro operaci Eclipse bylo v\u010das soust\u0159ed\u011bno asi 1 600 transportn\u00edch letadel, 1300 n\u00e1kladn\u00edch kluz\u00e1k\u016f a 3000 st\u00edha\u010dek pro vzdu\u0161nou ochranu a podporu v m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f to byly s\u00edly dostate\u010dn\u00e9. S odstupem dvaadvaceti let jsou na tuto ot\u00e1zku n\u00e1zory protich\u016fdn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CHYBN\u00c1 KALKULACE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gener\u00e1l Bradley, kter\u00fd tehdy velel americk\u00e9 12. skupin\u011b arm\u00e1d, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Montgomery, kter\u00fd byl rovn\u011b\u017e zast\u00e1ncem operace Eclipse, m\u011bl koncem b\u0159ezna 1945 od R\u00fdnu k Labi je\u0161t\u011b 300 kilometr\u016f. \u201eM\u011bli jsme do Berl\u00edna je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b daleko, proto\u017ee jsme museli nejd\u0159\u00edve obkl\u00ed\u010dit Por\u00fa\u0159\u00ed. A \u017dukov na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1s soust\u0159edil na Od\u0159e p\u0159es mili\u00f3n voj\u00e1k\u016f, a to pouh\u00fdch 43 kilometr\u016f v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Berl\u00edna&#8230;,&#8220; p\u00ed\u0161e ve sv\u00fdch Pam\u011btech gener\u00e1l Bradley a d\u00e1l uv\u00e1d\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fd fakt: \u201eEisenhower se m\u011b ptal, jakou cenu, podle m\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, budeme muset zaplatit za pr\u016flom od Labe k Berl\u00ednu. \u0158ekl jsem, \u017ee na\u0161e ztr\u00e1ty odhaduji na 100.000 mu\u017e\u016f&#8230;&#8220; Kdy\u017e pak velitel americk\u00e9 1. arm\u00e1dy \u017e\u00e1dal Eisenhowera, aby mu povolil postupovat na Berl\u00edn, dostal odpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eSto\u010dte se k severu na L\u00fcbeck a k jihu sm\u011brem na Bavorsko!&#8220; V hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch ministerstvu v\u00e1lky Eisenhower zd\u016fvod\u0148uje sv\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed takto: \u201eTyto sm\u011bry jsou pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Berl\u00edn. Pokud jde o na\u0161i \u010dinnost ve sm\u011bru na Berl\u00edn, bylo by to hloup\u00e9 s ohledem na vz\u00e1jemnou polohu n\u00e1s a Rus\u016f. Obsadili jsme sice kousek \u00fazem\u00ed za Labem, ale nutno m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee za \u0159eku vy\u0161ly jen na\u0161e p\u0159edsunut\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly jsou daleko vzadu&#8230;&#8220; V tom nach\u00e1z\u00edme z\u0159ejm\u011b hlavn\u00ed argument, pro\u010d z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci, a\u010d o to usilovali, nemohli stanout jako prvn\u00ed v ulic\u00edch Berl\u00edna. Taj-n\u00e1operace Eciipsespol\u00e9hala na n\u00e1hodu, mo\u017eno \u0159\u00edci na to, \u017ee N\u011bmci vydaj\u00ed sami kl\u00ed\u010d od sv\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e ho z\u00edsk\u00e1 Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Eclipse se nikdy neuskute\u010dnila, proto\u017ee byla op\u0159ena o chybnou kalkulaci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Archiv NoS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je mnoho d\u016fkaz\u016f o tom, \u017ee se z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci sna\u017eili po celou dobu v\u00e1lky obsadit Berl\u00edn jako prvn\u00ed. U\u017e v<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[51,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1069\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}