{"id":1100,"date":"2012-03-06T11:16:22","date_gmt":"2012-03-06T10:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/03\/06\/neastna-laska-daarcyho\/"},"modified":"2012-03-06T11:16:22","modified_gmt":"2012-03-06T10:16:22","slug":"neastna-laska-daarcyho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/03\/06\/neastna-laska-daarcyho\/","title":{"rendered":"Ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 l\u00e1ska d\u00b4Arcyho"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"lawrence\"O naft\u011b, o t\u00e9to tmav\u00e9, nelib\u011b p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed, smolnat\u00e9 a olejovit\u00e9 tekutin\u011b, bylo pr\u00e1vem naps\u00e1no: „M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 si s jej\u00ed pomoci rozsv\u00edtit lampu, bohu\u017eel nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010distou, m\u016f\u017ee\u0161 z n\u00ed postavit hladkou silnici pro auta, obarvit skv\u011ble \u0161aty, l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edka z\u00e1sobit v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky \u2014 hlavn\u011b v\u0161ak s n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee\u0161 uv\u00e9st do pohybu pokojn\u00e1 auta a dopravn\u00ed letadla, ov\u0161em zrovna tak i tanky, bombardovac\u00ed letouny a st\u00edha\u010dky s c\u00edli m\u00e9n\u011b pokojn\u00fdmi…“<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na podzim 1899. Do Teher\u00e1nu, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Persie, kde vl\u00e1dne \u201ekr\u00e1l kr\u00e1l\u016f“, \u0161ach Muzaff\u00e1r ed-D\u00edn. p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed jak\u00fdsi Australan francouzsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu Wiliam Knox d\u00b4Arcy, in\u017een\u00fdr, podnikatel a prospektor, podle vlastn\u00edch slov soukromn\u00edk, jen\u017e podnik\u00e1 z nudy dlouhou cestu kolem sv\u011bta a hled\u00e1 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed. Z\u0159ejm\u011b z touhy po dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed si d\u00b4Arcy v Teher\u00e1nu naj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159epychovou vilu, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 styk s vyslanci evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a jejich prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e k sam\u00e9mu \u201e\u0161ach-in-\u0161achovi“. Mr. d\u00b4Arcymu ned\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho p\u0159ece, aby si persk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce naklonil; je to pouze ot\u00e1zka pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n

\u0160ach Muzaffar ed-D\u00edn vynikal jednak mnoha nep\u011bkn\u00fdmi osobn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, mezi nimi\u017e krutost nebyla z nejhor\u0161\u00edch, jednak cnronick\u00fdm nedostatkem pen\u011bz na vydr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rozma\u0159il\u00e9ho dvora a po\u010detn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodu milostnic. Proto pozvolna, ale jist\u011b svou zem pronaj\u00edmal a rozprod\u00e1val. Angli\u010dan\u00e9 se zmocnili persk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky. Belgi\u010dan\u00e9 celn\u00edch pr\u00e1v, ale ani to nesta\u010dilo.<\/p>\n

Podnikatel d\u00b4Arcy brzy neklamn\u011b zjistil, a to na krat\u0161\u00edch i del\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdletech daleko za oblast Teher\u00e1nu, \u017ee zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na jihu je p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e1  p\u016fda t\u00e9to zem\u011b hojn\u00e9 prosycena naftou, po kter\u00e9 rostla ve sv\u011bt\u011b popt\u00e1vka den ode dne. Za\u010dal tedy zvolna a obez\u0159etn\u011b p\u0159ipravovat sv\u016fj velk\u00fd tah. S pomoc\u00ed dvou p\u0159\u00e1tel, v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f persk\u00e9ho \u0161acha, zadlu\u017een\u00e9ho na v\u0161ech stran\u00e1ch, ho d\u00c1rcy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil, aby mu poskytl za osobn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dku na jih od Teher\u00e1nu koncesi na t\u011b\u017ebu nafty. Po obvykl\u00e9m smlouv\u00e1n\u00ed se obchod poda\u0159il. A tak, kdy\u017e se d\u00b4Arcy v kv\u011btnu 1901 lou\u010dil s Teher\u00e1nem, m\u011bl v kapse pergamenovou listinu s \u0161achovou pe\u010det\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mu za sm\u011b\u0161nou cenu 40.000 liber a za p\u0159\u00edslib 16% pod\u00edlu d\u00e1vala na 60 let pr\u00e1vo vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u0161eho bohatstv\u00ed v oblasti 500.000 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil na jih od Teher\u00e1nu, co\u017e byla skoro cel\u00e1 Persie s v\u00fdjimkou p\u011bti severn\u00edch provinci\u00ed…<\/p>\n

S t\u00edmto poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdm \u00falovkem v zavazadle vydal se d\u00b4Arcy na dal\u0161\u00ed „cestu za dobrodru\u017estv\u00edm“ – do Evropy. Nemusel ji\u017e v\u016fbec posp\u00edchat, a tak se rozhodl cestovat zvolna p\u0159es nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 kraje Kurdist\u00e1nu a p\u0159es Turecko a\u017e na Balk\u00e1n. Cht\u011bl si asi cestou dob\u0159e rozmyslet, jak se sv\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm nalo\u017e\u00ed, komu je s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ziskem prod\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9, \u017ee se cht\u011bl v Turecku, kde byly us\u00eddleny monopoly c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, pozeptat na cenu, kterou by mu nab\u00eddli tito nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed konkurenti Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m a St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b. Kdov\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee \u010dinnost britsk\u00e9ho poddan\u00e9ho W. Knoxe d\u00b4Arcyho byla od jeho p\u0159\u00edjezdu do Teher\u00e1nu pozorn\u011b sledov\u00e1na bd\u011bl\u00fdmi zraky agent\u016f britsk\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed slu\u017eby. D\u016fstojn\u00edci Inteligence Service,  us\u00eddlen\u00ed v Persii a v arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu, tvo\u0159ili tam p\u0159edn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria. A\u010dkoli se  tenkr\u00e1t angli\u010dt\u00ed politikov\u00e9 naoko ofici\u00e1ln\u011b dohodli s c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem, \u017ee za cenu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u00fastupk\u016f v Africe uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo Berl\u00edna na roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho vlivu v Otomansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, zauj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu, d\u011blali potaj\u00ed v\u0161echno proti tomu. Proto se nap\u0159. postarali, aby N\u011bmci za \u017e\u00e1dnou cenu nemohli prodlou\u017eit tzv. bagd\u00e1dskou \u017eeleznici a\u017e k Persk\u00e9mu z\u00e1livu, proto jen se sk\u0159\u00edp\u011bn\u00edm zub\u016f sn\u00e1\u0161eli, kdy\u017e se v Berl\u00edn\u011b oz\u00fdvaly takov\u00e9to hlasy: \u201eMoudr\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 diplomacie se mus\u00ed st\u00e1t v Mal\u00e9 Asii t\u0159et\u00edm,   kter\u00fd se sm\u011bje, a mus\u00ed tam postupovat vlastn\u00ed cestou mezi Ruskem  a Angli\u00ed,“ nebo kdy\u017e vil\u00e9niovsk\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 von B\u00fcllow velkohub\u011b prohla\u0161oval: „Je v na\u0161em z\u00e1jmu, abychom soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi Angli\u00ed a Ruskem v Asii vyu\u017eili tak, \u017ee se budeme hned skl\u00e1n\u011bt p\u0159ed britsk\u00fdm lvem, hned zase poklonkovat p\u0159ed rusk\u00fdm medv\u011bdem, a\u017e prot\u00e1hneme svou dr\u00e1hu ke Kuvajtu v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu.“<\/p>\n

Aby se to britsk\u00fdm konkurent\u016fm nepoda\u0159ilo, aby se pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 \u201ecesta do Indie“ nedostala do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch rukou, p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch ke rva\u010dce o nov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed kolon\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta, o to se na m\u00edst\u011b starali v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b agenti Intelligence Service, tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, je\u017e m\u011bla pr\u00e1v\u011b na budov\u00e1n\u00ed britsk\u00e9ho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho panstv\u00ed nemal\u00fd pod\u00edl.<\/p>\n

Proto j\u00ed nemohla uniknout ani podez\u0159el\u00e1 \u010dinnost Australana d\u00b4Arcyho. Ten je\u0161t\u011b nedo\u0161el ani do Kurdist\u00e1nu a v Lond\u00fdn\u011b u\u017e v\u011bd\u011bli na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech, jakou listinu od \u0161acha obdr\u017eel. To, \u017ee ji dostal, britsk\u00fdm vl\u00e1dc\u016fm nevadilo, \u0161lo jim jen o to, aby j\u00ed bez \u00fahony donesl a\u017e do Lond\u00fdna… Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edm Kurdist\u00e1nem nebylo ani snadn\u00e9, ani rychl\u00e9. Rozhodn\u011b v\u0161ak dobrodru\u017en\u00e9. Kdy\u017e se d\u00b4Arcy se sv\u00fdm doprovodem po n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech putov\u00e1n\u00ed dostal do mal\u00e9 vesni\u010dky Sairtu, kde musel p\u0159enocovat, na\u0161el v jedin\u00e9m m\u00edstn\u00edm hostinci ke sv\u00e9mu mil\u00e9mu   p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed mladou, sotva p\u011btadvacetiletou Evropanku, kter\u00e1 se mu p\u0159edstavila dokonalou oxfordskou angli\u010dtinou jako miss Gertruda Bardsov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Mr. d\u00b4Arcy byl okouzlen. Jak\u00e1 to \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda! Gertruda, \u017eena p\u011bkn\u00e9, statn\u00e9 postavy, bystr\u00e9ho ducha, odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 a state\u010dn\u00e1, studovala v t\u011bch kon\u010din\u00e1ch docela sama n\u011bkter\u00e1 kurdsk\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„Zdr\u017e\u00edm se v Sairtu je\u0161t\u011b asi dva dny, pak poputuji d\u00e1l. M\u00e1m nam\u00ed\u0159eno do Anatolie, p\u0159es Ankaru a Istanbul do Evropy a zp\u00e1tky do Lond\u00fdna. TO v\u00edte, bude konec pr\u00e1zdnin…“<\/p>\n

Mr. d\u00b4Arcy byl nad\u0161en. Nen\u00ed to b\u00e1je\u010dn\u00e9, takov\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda? On p\u0159ece m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou stejnou cestu! A jeliko\u017e neposp\u00edch\u00e1, tak ty dva dny v Sairtu na milou p\u0159\u00edtelkyni Gertrudu samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9 po\u010dk\u00e1. Co u\u017e je takov\u00e9 mal\u00e9 zdr\u017een\u00ed proti vyhl\u00eddce na rozko\u0161nou spole\u010dnost po cel\u00fd zbytek cesty?<\/p>\n

Tak se dohodli a tak se stalo. V Anka\u0159e Mr. d\u00b4Arcy docela n\u00e1hodou onemocn\u011bl, „Asi jsem sn\u011bdl kousek \u0161patn\u00e9ho masa,“ omlouval se sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtelkyni. Ale ta se od nemocn\u00e9ho ani na krok nehnula. S roztomilost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1rnouc\u00edho mu\u017ee nejenom doj\u00edmala, v\u011bnovala mu v\u0161echen \u010das, dokud se neuzdravil. Mr. d\u00b4Arcy si nesta\u010dil za tu n\u00e1hodnou nemoc blaho\u0159e\u010dit. Za dlouh\u00fdch hodin spole\u010dn\u011b str\u00e1ven\u00fdch se s Gertrudou d\u016fv\u011brn\u011b sp\u0159\u00e1telil a p\u0159estali m\u00edt p\u0159ed sebou tajemstv\u00ed. Brzy pot\u00e9, v Istanbulu, se stal i milenci. Tam tak\u00e9 d\u00b4Arcy d\u00edvce poprv\u00e9 uk\u00e1zal pergamenovou listinu s pe\u010det\u00ed persk\u00e9ho \u0161acha, tam spolu za\u010dali sn\u00edt o n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 budoucnosti. Australan, skoro dvakr\u00e1t tak star\u00fd jako Gertruda, byl nem\u00e1lo py\u0161n\u00fd, kdy\u017e si pov\u0161imnul, jak se j\u00ed p\u0159i pohledu na listinu zaleskly nad\u0161en\u00edm o\u010di a dojet\u00edm zaj\u00edkal hlas.<\/p>\n

Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st cesty do Lond\u00fdna pro\u017eili na\u0161i cestovatel\u00e9 jako neofici\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00edb\u00e1nky. Brzy pot\u00e9, co vystoupili na Viktoriin\u011b n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed a co se ubytovali v pohodln\u00e9m hotelu, vyjednala Gertruda, udr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b velmi dobr\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 styky, sv\u00e9mu milenci ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sly\u0161en\u00ed u dvou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch lord\u016f admirality, Fishera a Pretymana. Mimochodem \u2014 prvn\u00ed lord admirality Fisher byl v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201enaftov\u00e9ho maniaka“, nebo\u0165 se zasazoval o to, aby britsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo p\u0159e\u0161lo jako prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b z parn\u00edho na naftov\u00fd pohon.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i tomto rozhovoru s Mr. d\u00b4Arcym si britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u00fasty dvou admir\u00e1l\u016f zajistila nezadateln\u011b p\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na nadpolovi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu Australanovy persk\u00e9 koncese.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd d\u00b4Arcy, jemu\u017e se p\u0159ed o\u010dima roztan\u010dily miliony, vr\u00e1til do hotelu, aby pot\u011b\u0161il Gertrudu, a dohodl se s n\u00ed, kdy p\u0159ijme m\u00edsto jm\u00e9na Bardsov\u00e1 jm\u00e9no d\u00b4Arcy, marn\u011b se po n\u00ed sh\u00e1n\u011bl. Na\u0161el m\u00edsto n\u00ed na stolku v pokoji pouze stru\u010dn\u00fd dopis. Miss Gertruda mu bez omluvy a jedin\u00e9ho slova vysv\u011btlen\u00ed sd\u011blovala, \u017ee musela n\u00e1hle opustit Lond\u00fdn a odjet k mamince na venkov. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 adresa, nic…<\/p>\n

D\u00edvka Gertruda zmizela ze \u017eivota p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho milion\u00e1\u0159e pr\u00e1v\u011b tak n\u00e1hle a neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b, jak do n\u011bho vstoupila. St\u00e1rnouc\u00ed Mr. d\u00b4Arcy, zavalen\u00fd starostmi se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch dvou naftov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed First Exploitation Company a Bachtiary Oil Company, l\u00e1mal si mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b dlouho hlavu nad t\u011bmi n\u00e1hodami, kter\u00e9 mu tajemnou Gertrudu daly a zase vzaly. Pozd\u011bji snad pochopil…<\/p>\n

Roku 1908 se d\u00b4Arcyho p\u016fvodn\u00ed naftov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zm\u011bnily v Anglo Persian Oil Co (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Anglo-Iranian Oil Company). Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou, v kv\u011btnu 1914, odkoupila pak britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ofici\u00e1ln\u011b 51% akci\u00ed spole\u010dnosti APOC, aby si zajistila neru\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun nafty p\u0159ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00e1le\u010dnou katastrofou. Stalo se tak z iniciativy tehdej\u0161\u00edho mlad\u00e9ho ministra n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva \u2014 Winstona Churchilla. Vl\u00e1d\u011b persk\u00e9ho \u0161acha pak vl\u00e1da britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria 14. 5. 1914 dala na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159evzala spr\u00e1vu nad naftov\u00fdmi zdroji ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Persie. Za 40.000 liber, kter\u00e9 doslal do kapsy rozma\u0159il\u00fd \u0161ach Muzaffar ed-D\u00edn, ud\u011blala nakonec britsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e jeden ze sv\u00fdch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obchod\u016f. P\u0159ipom\u00ednal skoro do punt\u00edku transakci se zakoupen\u00edm Suezsk\u011bho pr\u016fplavu. Jen\u017ee ten st\u00e1l Brit\u00e1nii 4 mili\u00f3ny liber, zat\u00edmco za pod\u00edly d\u00b4Arcyho zaplatila jen polovi\u010dku…<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed zajist\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pochopit, \u017ee d\u00edvka Gertruda byla ve skute\u010dnosti agentkou Intelligence Service. Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m spln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakolu s Mr. d\u00b4Arcym se vr\u00e1tila do slu\u017eby do sv\u00e9 centr\u00e1ly v K\u00e1hi\u0159e.<\/p>\n

\"gertruda-bell\"Jmenovala se Gertruda Bellov\u00e1<\/strong>. V roce 1915 s\u00eddl\u00ed pod t\u00edmto jm\u00e9nem v elegantn\u00edm k\u00e1hirsk\u00e9m hotelu Shepheard, \u017eije v p\u0159epychu, nos\u00ed vybran\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 toalety a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00ed se nejrad\u011bji s \u010deln\u00fdmi egyptsk\u00fdmi vlastenci z bur\u017eoazn\u00edch kruh\u016f. Neopom\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159ed nimi nikdy zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 sympatie pro osvobozeneck\u00fd boj arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, a proto\u017ee um\u00ed nav\u00edc dokonale arabsky, da\u0159\u00ed se j\u00ed pronikat i tam, kam by se jin\u00fd t\u011b\u017eko dost\u00e1val. Jej\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, po nich\u017e najeden egyptsk\u00fd vlastenec nadlouho miz\u00ed, maj\u00ed pro Intelligence Service obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Je v\u00e1lka a z\u00e1jmy britsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v naftov\u00fdch zem\u00edch St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu jsou siln\u00e9 ohro\u017eov\u00e1ny Otomanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, stoj\u00edc\u00ed na stran\u011b Rakousko-Uherska a N\u011bmecka. Proto se Britov\u00e9 pokou\u0161ej\u00ed ze v\u0161ech sil vyvolat ve vlastn\u00ed re\u017eii jak\u00e9si ozbrojen\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed Arab\u016f proti Turk\u016fm, nebot sami nemaj\u00ed pro boj na dvou front\u00e1ch \u2014 evropsk\u00e9 a koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2014 dost sil. Agenti Intelligence Service maj\u00ed p\u0159i inscenov\u00e1n\u00ed „n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00e9ho“ boje Arab\u016f hlavn\u00ed slovo.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b \u0161piclov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0159ad\u00e1ch egyptsk\u00fdch vlastenc\u016f dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Gertruda Bellov\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le na \u201esvou“ naftu. \u010casto miz\u00ed na dlouh\u00e9 t\u00fddny a m\u011bs\u00edce ze vznesen\u00fdch hotel\u016f a pal\u00e1c\u016f a podnik\u00e1 nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy.<\/p>\n

Roku 1920 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 Gertruda Bellov\u00e1 za nesporn\u00e9 z\u00e1sluhy jako prvn\u00ed \u017eena ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria. Pot\u00e9 je jmenov\u00e1na pomocnic\u00ed britsk\u00e9ho guvern\u00e9ra v Bagd\u00e1du sira Percyho Coxe. M\u00e1 funkci \u201eassistant political officer“. Prav\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b, v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b roku 1920, za\u010dalo v Ir\u00e1ku ozbrojen\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed 150.000 Arab\u016f. Byla to odpov\u011b\u010f na tzv. naftovou dohodu ze San Rema z dubna 1920, podle kter\u00e9 si z\u00e1padn\u00ed imperialist\u00e9 rozparcelovali arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b na mand\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed. Byla to odpov\u011b\u010f na opakovan\u00e9 fale\u0161n\u00e9 sliby, \u017ee zem\u011b, tak dlouho vyko\u0159is\u0165ovan\u00e9 tureckou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, obdr\u017e\u00ed svobodu…<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed slovo p\u0159i potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed protibritsk\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f m\u011bla op\u011bt Intelligence Service, jmenovit\u011b Gertruda Bellov\u00e1. R\u016fzn\u00fdmi machinacemi se j\u00ed poda\u0159ilo sestavit z prodejn\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch politik\u016f jak\u00e9si \u201eporadn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed“, vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 za z\u00e1rodek parlamentu, je\u017e uchl\u00e1cholilo povstalce. V listopadu 1920 dosadil guvern\u00e9r Cox do \u010dela ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jako svou loutku statk\u00e1\u0159e Gajl\u00e1n\u00edho a na tr\u016fn se z popudu tehdej\u0161\u00edho ministra koloni\u00ed dostal \u2014 Lawrenc\u016fv p\u0159\u00edtel em\u00edr Fajs\u00e1l, jeho\u017e \u201evolbu“ ozna\u010dila dokonce i tzv. Spole\u010dnost n\u00e1rod\u016f za vylo\u017eenou fra\u0161ku.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech je s\u00eddlem Gertrudy Bellov\u00e9<\/em> stalo severoir\u00e1ck\u00e9 m\u011bsto Mos\u00fal, jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch naftov\u00fdch st\u0159edisek zem\u011b. Je to u\u017e star\u0161\u00ed, velmi \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e1, pro\u0161ediv\u011bl\u00e1 a pedantick\u00e1 d\u00e1ma s vysok\u00fdm postaven\u00edm v Intelligence Service. M\u00e1 mnoho pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch, ale \u010dasto kontroluje osobn\u011b mnoh\u00e9 karavany proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u201ejej\u00ed“ naftovou oblast\u00ed. Jednou si tak pozorn\u011b prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed karavanu m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Jeden z jezdc\u016f, mu\u017e s osmahlou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a lhostejn\u00fdm pohledem, zd\u00e1 se j\u00ed n\u011bjak pov\u011bdom\u00fd. Odkud ho jen zn\u00e1? Ov\u0161em, ten nezn\u00e1m\u00fd je p\u0159ece \u2014 plukovn\u00edk Lawrence! Je to on, tajemn\u00fd a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd hrdina britsk\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee v arabsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Na cest\u011b za nov\u00fdm \u00fakolem, za novou \u201emalou“ v\u00e1lkou – pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sl\u00e1vu britsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria…  (foto v \u00favodu \u010dl\u00e1nku)<\/em><\/p>\n

Nebo\u0165 \u2014 jak to \u0159ekl Cecil Rhodes, jeden z tv\u016frc\u016f britsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u2014 „Krev t\u011bch druh\u00fdch jsou na\u0161e pen\u00edze!“<\/p>\n

Archiv NoS<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O naft\u011b, o t\u00e9to tmav\u00e9, nelib\u011b p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed, smolnat\u00e9 a olejovit\u00e9 tekutin\u011b, bylo pr\u00e1vem naps\u00e1no: „M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 si s jej\u00ed pomoci rozsv\u00edtit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[189,47,190,191],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}