{"id":1186,"date":"2012-04-23T17:32:32","date_gmt":"2012-04-23T15:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/04\/23\/boj-proti-zapomnni\/"},"modified":"2012-04-23T17:32:32","modified_gmt":"2012-04-23T15:32:32","slug":"boj-proti-zapomnni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/04\/23\/boj-proti-zapomnni\/","title":{"rendered":"Boj proti zapomn\u011bn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"gujarat\"Deset let od masakru drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e je kdokoli z v\u00e1s schopen si p\u0159edstavit<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mezi lidsk\u00fdmi troskami, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdmi po n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed pomocn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora Shah-e-Alam v Ahmedabadu s v\u00edce ne\u017e des\u00edtkou tis\u00edc p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch, jsou Saira (12 let), Afsana (11), Naina (12), Anju (12), Rukhsat (9), Nilofer (10), Nilofer (9), Hena (11). V\u0161ichni p\u0159e\u017eili Naroda Patiya. A vid\u011bli v\u011bci, je\u017e by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nem\u011blo vid\u011bt. Znaj\u00ed slova, jak\u00e1 by se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nem\u011blo nau\u010dit. (27. b\u0159ezna 2002, zpr\u00e1va z pomocn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora Shah-e-Alam Relief Camp, Ahmedabad).<\/p>\n

\u201eBalatkar\u201c (zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed) – tohle slovo znaj\u00ed. \u201eMein bataoon didi?\u201c (M\u00e1m ti to \u0159\u00edct?), dev\u00edtilet\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci. \u201eBalatkar ka matlab jab aurat ko nanga karte hain aur phir use jala dete hain\u201c (Zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed je, kdy\u017e je \u017eena nah\u00e1 a pot\u00e9 sp\u00e1len\u00e1). A potom vypad\u00e1 na podlaze strnule. Jen d\u00edt\u011b to m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00edci tak, jak to je. Proto\u017ee to je to, co se d\u011blo zas a znova v Naroda Patiya – \u017eeny byly svle\u010deny, zn\u00e1siln\u011bny a sp\u00e1leny.\u201c (V\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, hled\u00e1n\u00ed fakt\u016f \u017eenskou porotou, 16. dubna 2002. Str. 13)<\/p>\n

Z on\u011bch zohaven\u00fdch \u017een nezbylo nic – \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 t\u011bla, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 spravedlnost. Nic krom\u011b \u0161r\u00e1m\u016f v mysli d\u011bv\u010d\u00e1tka. St\u00e1le si pamatuji jej\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159, a dnes, o 10 let pozd\u011bji, bych r\u00e1d v\u011bd\u011bl, kde je, jak se protlouk\u00e1 \u017eivotem, poznamenan\u00e1 tou hr\u016fzou, zvrhl\u00fdm obrazem zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed. R\u00e1d bych v\u011bd\u011bl, kde jsou oni mu\u017ei, ti, kte\u0159\u00ed zmasakrovali tolik d\u011bt\u00ed a unikli. R\u00e1d bych to v\u011bd\u011bl, zas a znova, ve st\u00e1t\u011b, jeho\u017e \u00fastavn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed bylo chr\u00e1nit, a jen\u017e se sp\u0159\u00e1hl s masakrem sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u016eST\u00c1V\u00c1 \u0160R\u00c1M<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deset let po pogromu v Gujaratu se sna\u017e\u00edm ohl\u00e9dnout zp\u00e1tky. Ale, stejn\u011b jako tis\u00edce p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch a aktivist\u016f, to nedok\u00e1\u017eu. Jak se m\u016f\u017eete ohl\u00e9dnout za n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co je u v\u00e1s tak p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9? A tak Gujarat z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ranou, kter\u00e1 je se mnou nav\u017edy, hlubok\u00e1 a trval\u00e1. V roce 2002 jsem \u010dasto plakala. A pl\u00e1\u010du po\u0159\u00e1d. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to je dob\u0159e. Nebo\u0165 Gujarat by n\u00e1s m\u011bl rozplakat v\u0161echny. A zp\u016fsobit, abychom se jako n\u00e1rod za sebe doopravdy styd\u011bli.      <\/p>\n

To, co se stalo p\u0159ed deseti roky, je druhem ot\u0159esu, jak\u00fd se vzp\u00edr\u00e1 vstoupit do d\u011bjin. Nelze jej sv\u011b\u0159it \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u011bjepisn\u00e9 knize s te\u010dkou na konci. Z\u010d\u00e1sti proto, \u017ee gujaratsk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed pokra\u010dovalo je\u0161t\u011b dlouho po \u00fanoru a b\u0159eznu 2002 a pokra\u010duje i dnes ve vystra\u0161en\u00fdch \u017eit\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch spousty zni\u010den\u00fdch muslimsk\u00fdch rodin; v \u017eivotech tis\u00edc\u016f mu\u017e\u016f, \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed, st\u00e1le str\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch v \u201eosad\u00e1ch p\u0159es\u00eddlenc\u016f\u201c, vyk\u00e1zan\u00fdch na okraj zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch gujaratsk\u00fdch m\u011bste\u010dek a m\u011bst. Z\u010d\u00e1sti proto, \u017ee u soud\u016f je st\u00e1le state\u010dn\u011b vedeno mnoho bitev za spravedlnost, a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se odv\u00edj\u00ed st\u00e1le d\u00e1l. Ale z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti proto, \u017ee v\u00fdznam toho, co Gujarat provedl Indii, je st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n.       <\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201eOdejdi jinam, \u017eij, pro\u010d aktivist\u00e9 st\u00e1le vyhrab\u00e1vaj\u00ed tuhle odpornou minulost? Je to u\u017e 10 let.\u201c Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee sm\u00ed\u0159\u00edme-li se s minulost\u00ed, jak by ji n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed r\u00e1di vid\u011bli popsanou, ohro\u017eujeme smysl na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti a ohroz\u00edme svoji budoucnost. Spor je o smyslu ob\u010danstv\u00ed. Je o vztahu mezi ob\u010danem a st\u00e1tem. Je o odm\u00edtnut\u00ed beztrestnosti st\u00e1tu. Gujarat je bitva za kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 proti zapom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee je konec konc\u016f bitvou za my\u0161lenku Indie.   <\/p>\n

V roce 1950 Indie u\u010dinila \u00fastavn\u00ed slib, \u017ee bude chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va men\u0161in na d\u016fstojn\u00fd \u017eivot, s pln\u00fdmi ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy. Tento svat\u00fd slib je zas a znovu poru\u0161ov\u00e1n – v Dill\u00ed, Nellie, Meerutu, Bhagalpuru, Hashimpu\u0159e, Kandhamalu, Gujaratu a nejnov\u011bji v Gopalgarhu (z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2011). V ka\u017ed\u00e9m z p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byli nevinn\u00ed vra\u017ed\u011bni, mrza\u010deni, sexu\u00e1ln\u011b napad\u00e1ni, vypalov\u00e1ni na srdci i domovech, rozpra\u0161ov\u00e1ni, jen kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee se hl\u00e1sili ke sv\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m, kv\u016fli tomu, k\u00fdm byli. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 epizod\u011b c\u00edlen\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci konali zaujat\u011b, nedost\u00e1li sv\u00e9 povinnosti chr\u00e1nit, ob\u017ealovat a zjednat spravedlnost. Jak dlouho to tak p\u016fjde d\u00e1l? Jak dlouho budou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed politickou moc, vyu\u017e\u00edvat s\u00edlu st\u00e1tu, pu\u0161ky, policii a sir\u00e9ny proti jedn\u00e9 skupin\u011b ob\u010dan\u016f a budou s t\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed? \u00dastavn\u00ed zaujatost st\u00e1tn\u00ed ma\u0161in\u00e9rie nelze p\u0159ijmout v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 civilizovan\u00e9 demokracii – to je pou\u010den\u00ed z Gujaratu.<\/p>\n

V\u00ddZVY<\/strong><\/p>\n

Masakr v Gujaratu vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed k n\u00e1m coby n\u00e1rodu mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 j\u00e1my v na\u0161ich srdc\u00edch, v na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 struktu\u0159e, a tak\u00e9 v  syst\u00e9mu  na\u0161eho kriminalistick\u00e9ho soudnictv\u00ed, z\u00e1konech a  pr\u00e1vnictv\u00ed. Te\u010f nem\u016f\u017eeme vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1kony proti p\u0159edsudk\u016fm ve\u0159ejnosti a nen\u00e1visti v srdc\u00edch i mysl\u00edch lid\u00ed. Tohle je bitva, ji\u017e my jako\u017eto spole\u010dnost a lid\u00e9 mus\u00edme v\u00e9st milionem r\u016fzn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f v milionu r\u016fzn\u00fdch okam\u017eik\u016f v na\u0161em spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b i v \u017eivotech jednotliv\u00fdch. Ale m\u016f\u017eeme a mus\u00edme vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1kony k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedlnosti pro slab\u00e9. <\/p>\n

UNIKAJ\u00cdC\u00cd SPRAVEDLNOST<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch n\u00e1siln\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch indick\u00fdch d\u011bjin Gujarat 2002 otestoval naplno s\u00edlu a odolnost na\u0161ich demokratick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, ctihodn\u00e9ho Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu i N\u00e1rodn\u00ed komise pro men\u0161iny. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich p\u0159edstoupila a konala. A to se je\u0161t\u011b ona v\u011bc zvan\u00e1 spravedlnost ob\u011btem z Gujaratu jaksi vyh\u00fdb\u00e1. Tyto ob\u011bti a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili, vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k n\u00e1vratu rovnopr\u00e1vnosti p\u0159i vypravov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany; k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci v\u016f\u010di zaujatosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed; k zapln\u011bn\u00ed mezer v na\u0161ich z\u00e1konech a pr\u00e1vnictv\u00ed, je\u017e zas a znovu selh\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se m\u00e1 postarat o prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed viny zlo\u010dinem u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1dnou, u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou nikdy chyceni s no\u017eem v ruce, ale kte\u0159\u00ed rad\u00ed druh\u00fdm, aby lhali, a zab\u00edjej\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1kon proto, aby z\u00edskali ve volb\u00e1ch. Nejsou to tak velk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. Proto, dos\u00e1hneme-li tohoto pr\u00e1va, pom\u016f\u017ee uskute\u010dnit, l\u00e9pe ne\u017e dosud, \u00fastavn\u00ed slib spravedlnosti a rovnosti p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem. A bez spravedlnosti se nepohneme kup\u0159edu.      <\/p>\n

ODVAHA P\u0158E\u017dIV\u0160\u00cdCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

18. ledna 2008 Bilkis Bano, jedna z t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily Gujarat a m\u011bly odvahu mluvit o nev\u00fdslovn\u011b stra\u0161liv\u00e9m, vydr\u017eela p\u0159es 20 dn\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fd v\u00fdslech, nalezla tro\u0161ku spravedlnosti, kdy\u017e 12 obvin\u011bn\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed ji hromadn\u011b zn\u00e1silnili, povra\u017edili a zn\u00e1silnili 14 \u010dlen\u016f jej\u00ed rodiny a jej\u00ed t\u0159\u00edletou dceru rozml\u00e1tili o podlahu v on\u011bch d\u011bsiv\u00fdch dnech roku 2002, bylo nakonec odsouzeno soudem v Mumbai na do\u017eivot\u00ed.           <\/p>\n

21. ledna 2008, na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci v Dill\u00ed, u\u010dinila Bilkis toto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201ePosledn\u00edch \u0161est let \u017eiju ve strachu, pendluji z jednoho do\u010dasn\u00e9ho domova do druh\u00e9ho a tah\u00e1m sv\u00e9 d\u011bti s sebou ve snaze je chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nen\u00e1vist\u00ed, je\u017e jak v\u00edm st\u00e1le existuje v srdc\u00edch i mysl\u00edch tolika lid\u00ed. Tento rozsudek neznamen\u00e1 konec nen\u00e1visti, ale znamen\u00e1, \u017ee spravedlnost m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkde n\u011bjak zv\u00edt\u011bzit. Tento rozsudek je v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm nejen pro mne, ale pro v\u0161echny ty nevinn\u00e9 muslimy, kte\u0159\u00ed byli zmasakrov\u00e1ni, i pro v\u0161echny ty \u017eeny, jejich\u017e t\u011bla byla zhanobena jen proto, \u017ee stejn\u011b jako j\u00e1 byly muslimkami. Je to v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed proto, \u017ee te\u010f ani v budoucnu nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee pop\u0159\u00edt, co se stalo \u017een\u00e1m v Gujaratu v on\u011bch d\u011bsiv\u00fdch dnech a noc\u00edch roku 2002. Proto\u017ee te\u010f u\u017e bude nav\u017edy vyti\u0161t\u011bn historick\u00fd z\u00e1znam z Gujaratu, \u017ee sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed bylo pou\u017eito jako zbra\u0148 proti n\u00e1m. Modl\u00edm se, aby lid\u00e9 z Gujaratu jednoho dne u\u017e nedok\u00e1zali \u017e\u00edt s cejchem onoho n\u00e1sil\u00ed a nen\u00e1visti a vyko\u0159enili je ze sam\u00e9 p\u016fdy st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00fdm domovem.\u201c   <\/p>\n

Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1me se do bitvy za spravedlnost v Gujaratu na na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed riziko. Proto\u017ee vzd\u00e1me-li se Gujaratu, vzd\u00e1me se nad\u011bje na lep\u0161\u00ed Indii, Indii, je\u017e bude podle pr\u00e1va domovem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s.  <\/p>\n

Farah Naqvi, New Age (KS Indie), p\u0159eklad Vladim\u00edr Sedl\u00e1\u010dek<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1le : http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002_Gujarat_violence<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deset let od masakru drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e je kdokoli z v\u00e1s schopen si p\u0159edstavit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[76,221],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}