{"id":1212,"date":"2016-05-13T17:18:39","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T15:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2016\/05\/13\/poatky-pionae\/"},"modified":"2016-05-13T17:18:39","modified_gmt":"2016-05-13T15:18:39","slug":"poatky-pionae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2016\/05\/13\/poatky-pionae\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"spion\"D\u011bjepisci vyzv\u011bda\u010dstv\u00ed se shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e tak star\u00e1 jako lidstvo samo. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00fd zrovna jako prostituce.<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ve Star\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b<\/em> v knize Numeri<\/em> se p\u00ed\u0161e, jak vyslal Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161<\/em> na radu samotn\u00e9ho Jehovy<\/em> dvan\u00e1cte zv\u011bd\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, do Kanaanu<\/em>, aby tam vyzv\u011bd\u011bli v\u0161echno o zemi, o lidech a jejich zvyc\u00edch, o s\u00edle hradeb a po\u010detnosti vojsk…<\/p>\n

Biblick\u00fd Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161<\/em> si po\u010d\u00ednal v\u011bru obez\u0159etn\u011b. V\u017edy\u0165 i kdyby n\u011bkter\u00fd ze zv\u011bd\u016f byl lapen, po\u0159\u00e1d se jich je\u0161t\u011b mohlo dost vr\u00e1tit. A potom \u2014 \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce jednotliv\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, t\u00edm \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz o \u201esituaci nep\u0159\u00edtele“. Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy sm\u011brnice z r. 1490 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem si v ni\u010dem nezadaj\u00ed se z\u00e1sadami modern\u00ed \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee \u2014 nebo snad l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno naopak?<\/p>\n

V jin\u00e9 staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed knize \u2014 Jozua<\/em> \u2014 stoj\u00ed: \u201ePoslal pak byl Jozua, syn Nun, dva mu\u017ee \u0161peh\u00e9\u0159e tajn\u011b, \u0159ka: Jd\u011bte, zhl\u00e9dn\u011bte zemi, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 Jericho. I \u0161li…“<\/em> V Jerichu pak se zv\u011bdov\u00e9 ukryli v dom\u011b nev\u011bstky Raab<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se tak stala jednou z prvn\u00edch vyzv\u011bda\u010dek a kolaborantek, \u010di jak bychom dnes \u0159ekli \u2014 agentek p\u00e1t\u00e9 kolony v Jerichu …<\/em><\/p>\n

A co\u017e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Samsona <\/em>a Dalily<\/em>? I ten pat\u0159\u00ed do d\u011bjin \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee. V\u017edy\u0165 p\u0159ece kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 Dalila<\/em> obloudila sv\u00fdm p\u016fvabem hromotluck\u00e9ho Samsona<\/em> a s pomoc\u00ed sex-appelu na n\u011bm vyzv\u011bd\u011bla tajemstv\u00ed jeho zranitelnosti. Na rozd\u00edl od Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch zv\u011bd\u016f a Jozuov\u00fdch \u0161peh\u00e9\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jednali z p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, dostala zr\u00e1dn\u00e1 Dalila od Fili\u0161t\u00ednsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd dar 1100 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch, proti nim\u017e je Jid\u00e1\u0161ova odm\u011bna hotovou almu\u017enou. Ale u\u017e\u00edt jich nesta\u010dila, nebo\u0165 zahynula se stovkami Fili\u0161t\u00edn\u016f<\/em> v trosk\u00e1ch pal\u00e1ce, jeho\u017e sloupy slep\u00fd Samson pobo\u0159il …<\/p>\n

Na\u0161i zn\u00e1m\u00ed zp\u011bv\u00e1ci Voskovec <\/em>a Werrich<\/em> zp\u00edvali ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed: \u201eSamuelova kniha n\u00e1m pov\u00edd\u00e1, jak na \u017didy p\u0159i\u0161la velik\u00e1 b\u00edda, jak ti mil\u00ed F\u00edli\u0161t\u00edni v\u00e1lku v\u00e9st nebyli l\u00edn\u00ed, a\u017e potkali Davida …“<\/em><\/p>\n

Nu\u017ee, ani David<\/em> se v souboji s Goli\u00e1\u0161em<\/em> neobe\u0161el bez pomoci \u0161pi\u00f3na. Byl jim jak\u00fdsi Husai,<\/em> kter\u00fd v\u010das vyp\u00e1tral Goli\u00e1\u0161ovu<\/em> \u201eslabinu“ a rozhodl tak o Davidov\u011b<\/em> v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed…<\/p>\n

Ve star\u00e9m \u0158ecku, \u0158\u00edm\u011b i Kart\u00e1gu m\u011bla \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e ji\u017e docela dlouhou tradici. A v\u0161echny t\u0159i st\u00e1ty ji taky hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaly.<\/p>\n

Roku 202 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, na konci druh\u00e9 v\u00e1lky punsk\u00e9, st\u00e1l \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd vojev\u016fdce Scipio<\/em>, zvan\u00fd Africanus<\/em>, u m\u011bste\u010dka Zamy<\/em> p\u0159ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitvou s kartaginsk\u00fdm vojev\u016fdcem Hanibalem<\/em>. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, dvoulet\u00fdm ta\u017een\u00edm v severn\u00ed Africe dost vy\u010derpan\u00e1 a pro\u0159\u00eddl\u00e1, m\u011bla pr\u00e1vem velkou obavu ze souboje s kartaginsk\u00fdm \u201epanc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00fdm sborem“ \u2014 slony, na kter\u00e9 ani \u0161\u00edpy, ani o\u0161t\u011bpy pranic neplatily. Pomohla \u2014 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd zv\u011bd pronikl v p\u0159estrojen\u00ed do kartaginsk\u00e9ho le\u017een\u00ed a tam mezi o\u0161et\u0159ovateli slon\u016f zjistil, co na ta \u201epanc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1“ zv\u00ed\u0159ata jedin\u011b plat\u00ed: hluk. Hanibalovy \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed slony neuv\u00edtala proto ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 spr\u0161ka \u0161\u00edp\u016f a kop\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e ohlu\u0161ui\u00edci rambajs bubn\u016f, \u010dinel\u016f a plechu, v\u0159\u00edskot trumpet a p\u00ed\u0161tal. Slon\u00ed \u201epanc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00fd sbor“ se vyd\u011bsil, zv\u00ed\u0159ata se vymkla sv\u00fdm vodi\u010d\u016fm a rozprchla na v\u0161echny strany. Scipio Africanus v \u010dele \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch vojsk u Zamy slavn\u011b zv\u00edt\u011bzil nad Kart\u00e1gem. Jm\u00e9no zaslou\u017eil\u00e9ho zv\u011bda do d\u011bjin neve\u0161lo…<\/p>\n

Roku 732 stali se Arabov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tehdy p\u0159ekro\u010dili Pyreneje a ohro\u017eovali franckou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i Karla Martella<\/em>, v bitv\u011b u m\u011bsta Tours ob\u011bt\u00ed \u201etajn\u00e9 zbran\u011b“, kter\u00e1 brzy ve\u0161la do arzen\u00e1lu vyzv\u011bda\u010dstv\u00ed \u2014 provokace, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 l\u017eiv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy neboli \u201e\u0161eptandy“. Mohamedovi bojovnici, kte\u0159\u00ed s sebou na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy vozili obrovsk\u00fd tr\u00e9n s rodinami, st\u00e1dy a ko\u0159ist\u00ed, dov\u011bd\u011bli se kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed \u00fatokem z nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho, ale \u201ezcela v\u011brohodn\u00e9ho“ pramene, \u017ee Frankov\u00e9 obe\u0161li jejich postaven\u00ed a pusto\u0161\u00ed arabsk\u00e1 le\u017een\u00ed. Jezdectvo opustilo nakvap boji\u0161t\u011b, aby zachr\u00e1nilo ko\u0159ist p\u0159ed \u2014 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem, a Frankov\u00e9 p\u0159inutili Mohamedova oslaben\u00e1 vojska k \u00fastupu.<\/p>\n

Neoceniteln\u00e9 slu\u017eby konali vyzv\u011bda\u010di ve 13. stolet\u00ed vojsk\u016fm mongolsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1jezdn\u00edka \u010cingisch\u00e1na<\/em>, vl\u00e1dce „Zlat\u00e9 hordy“<\/em>. Proto\u017ee vedl pohyblivou v\u00e1lku, na ciz\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, byly pro n\u011bho \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed informace \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Zv\u011bdov\u00e9 vystupovali n\u011bkdy v \u00faloze \u201ep\u0159eb\u011bhl\u00edk\u016f“, jindy se p\u0159evl\u00e9kali za \u201eobchodn\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed“, a d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jim s naivn\u00ed otev\u0159enost\u00ed vykl\u00e1dali rozumy, plat\u00edvali za to smrt\u00ed…<\/p>\n

Nejrozv\u011btven\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejl\u00e9pe organizovan\u00fd \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed apar\u00e1t m\u00edvala po stalet\u00ed katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev. Korunu \u201edokonalosti“ mu nasadil v 16. stolet\u00ed jezuitsk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d Ign\u00e1ce z Loyoly, tak\u017ee se pr\u00e1vem \u0159\u00edkalo: co jezuita, to vyzv\u011bda\u010d. Tito \u0161piclov\u00e9 v kutn\u00e1ch m\u011bli v\u00fdslovn\u011b dovoleno vyd\u00e1vat se za \u201ekac\u00ed\u0159e“, jen aby z vyhl\u00e9dnut\u00e9 ob\u011bti vym\u00e1mili p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ivedli ji na hranici inkvizice…<\/p>\n

P\u0159emnoha pouty, \u0159et\u011bzy a nitkami jsou d\u011bjiny \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee spjaty s v\u00fdvojem diplomatick\u00fdch vztah\u016f mezi st\u00e1ty. Arabsk\u00fd u\u010denec N\u00edz\u00e1m-ul-Mulk<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed ji\u017e v 11. stolet\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m trakt\u00e1tu, \u017ee vlada\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed si vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed vyslance, sleduj\u00ed jak zjevn\u00e9, tak i tajn\u00e9 c\u00edle, a p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eCht\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00fd je stav cest, p\u0159echod\u016f, \u0159ek, p\u0159\u00edkop\u016f, pitn\u00fdch vod, zda m\u016f\u017ee proj\u00edt vojsko nebo ne, kde je k dispozici krmivo, kde ne, kter\u00fd z \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f zauj\u00edm\u00e1 to \u010di ono postaven\u00ed, jak\u00e9 je vojsko tohoto c\u00edsa\u0159e, jeho v\u00fdzbroj a po\u010detnost, jak\u00e9 jsou kr\u00e1lovy hostiny a sch\u016fze, jak\u00e1 je posloupnost hodnost\u00ed, po\u0159\u00e1dek p\u0159i sed\u00e1n\u00ed a vst\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, hry s m\u00ed\u010dem, hony, jak\u00fd je jeho mrav, \u017eivot, jak je dobro\u010dinn\u00fd, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 dar vid\u011bn\u00ed a sly\u0161en\u00ed, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 zvyky a chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak je spravedliv\u00fd \u010di nespravedliv\u00fd, zda je st\u00e1r \u010di ml\u00e1d, vzd\u011blan\u00fd \u010di nevzd\u011blan\u00fd, zda jsou jeho dr\u017eavy ve stavu \u00fapadku nebo rozkv\u011btu? Jeho arm\u00e1da je spokojena \u010di nen\u00ed? Jeho n\u00e1rod je bohat \u010di chud? Je ve sv\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech bd\u011bl\u00fd nebo bezstarostn\u00fd? Jeho vez\u00edr je d\u016fstojn\u00fd \u010di nikoli, je v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, vede ctnostn\u00fd \u017eivot? Jsou jeho vojev\u016fdci zku\u0161en\u00ed a osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed \u010di ne? Jeho r\u00e1dci \u2014 vzd\u011blan\u00ed, nadan\u00ed, nebo ne? Je soucitn\u00fd nebo bezcitn\u00fd? Je povahy v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nebo vesel\u00e9? D\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost spole\u010dnosti voj\u00e1k\u016f nebo \u017een?…“<\/em><\/p>\n

Tento sta\u0159i\u010dk\u00fd \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed dotazn\u00edk se dnes m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t naivn\u00ed, ale jen na prvn\u00ed pohled. Kdy\u017e jej p\u0159evedeme do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho jazyka, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nepozbyl na aktu\u00e1lnosti.<\/p>\n

Nebo\u0165 ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei plat\u00ed odjak\u017eiva z\u00e1sada, \u017ee i ta nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mali\u010dkost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Mo\u017en\u00e1 ne sama o sob\u011b, ale v souvislosti s jin\u00fdmi \u201emali\u010dkostmi“, jako \u010dl\u00e1ne\u010dek dlouh\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzu jednotlivost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tak se t\u0159eba dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta v americk\u00e9 CIA srovn\u00e1valy nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159e a telefonn\u00ed seznamy r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u011bst, nap\u0159. Prahy, s d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a zaznamen\u00e1vala se ka\u017ed\u00e1 zm\u011bna…<\/p>\n

\u201ePraotcem“ soudob\u00e9ho diplomatick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u201esv\u011btov\u00fdm pavoukem“ (araton\u00e9e universelle) b\u00fdv\u00e1 naz\u00fdv\u00e1n Ludv\u00edk XI.,<\/em> vl\u00e1dce Francie v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 15. stolet\u00ed. Nelze ov\u0161em zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee pro\u0161el tzv. italskou diplomatickou \u201e\u0161kolou“. Ludv\u00edk XI.<\/em> m\u011bl snad jen jednu dobrou vlastnost, a to je\u0161t\u011b mnoz\u00ed soudili, \u017ee je to z nouze ctnost, nebo\u0165 pr\u00fd byl zbab\u011bl\u00fd \u2014 nem\u011bl toti\u017e r\u00e1d v\u00e1lky. M\u00edsto toho sp\u0159\u00e1dal rad\u011bji – jako pavouk \u2014 pikle proti p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm i nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm. Pou\u017e\u00edval nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod \u2014 podpl\u00e1cen\u00ed a intrik, pomluv i \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee. Jeho \u017eivotopisec se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il, \u017ee Ludv\u00edk \u201eve dne v noci sp\u0159\u00e1dal nov\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011bry“<\/em> … Kr\u00e1l si vydr\u017eoval \u00factyhodnou s\u00edt vyzv\u011bda\u010d\u016f, dona\u0161e\u010d\u016f a \u0161picl\u016f. V trezorech ukr\u00fdval mnoho st\u00e1tn\u00edch i soukrom\u00fdch, vesm\u011bs tajn\u00fdch listin, kter\u00e9 dal koupit nebo ukr\u00e1st. Ze v\u0161ech v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed, kter\u00fdm podl\u00e9hal, byla nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jeho touha \u2014 b\u00fdt nejl\u00e9pe informovan\u00fdm mu\u017eem sv\u00e9 doby. Vyslanci francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le to tenkr\u00e1t nem\u011bli snadn\u00e9. Ludv\u00edk\u016fv r\u00e1dce a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vedouc\u00ed diplomat Comines formuloval kr\u00e1lovy n\u00e1zory slovy: \u201eVyslanci konaj\u00ed jen sv\u00e9 \u00fakoly a nezneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jich, kdy\u017e se v\u011bnuj\u00ed \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed se ct\u00ed.“ Proto m\u011bli \u2014 podle Ludv\u00edka XI. \u2014 podpl\u00e1cet slu\u017eebn\u00edky jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel, z\u00edsk\u00e1vat od nich informace v\u0161eho druhu a v\u011b\u0159it jen tomu, co sami uvid\u00ed. Kr\u00e1lova v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed my\u0161lenka zn\u011bla: \u201eL\u017eou v\u00e1m. Dobr\u00e1! L\u017eete jim v\u00edc!“<\/p>\n

Po\u010det tajn\u00fdch emisar\u016f, vyzv\u011bda\u010d\u016f a inform\u00e1tor\u016f Ludv\u00edka XI., kte\u0159\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pln\u00fdma rukama vym\u011b\u0148ovali zlato za zpr\u00e1vy pro sv\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le, za st\u00e1tn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed a \u201espojenectv\u00ed“, \u0161el do stovek. Na jeho pe\u010dliv\u011b veden\u00e9 \u201ev\u00fdplatn\u00ed listin\u011b“ byla i jm\u00e9na ciz\u00edch diplomat\u016f a st\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f, mezi nimi na m\u00edst\u011b nikoli posledn\u00edm vrchn\u00ed komo\u0159\u00ed anglick\u00e9ho dvora Hastings aj. Je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hust\u0161\u00ed byla Ludv\u00edkova \u201epavou\u010d\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165“, t\u00edm v\u00edce se b\u00e1l ciz\u00edch vyslanc\u016f – \u0161pi\u00f3n\u016f na vlastn\u00edm dvo\u0159e. St\u00e1val se ob\u011bt\u00ed duch\u016f, kter\u00e9 s\u00e1m rozpoutal. Pochopil, jak dvojse\u010dn\u00e1 je z\u00e1sada, kterou razil, \u017ee \u201emoudr\u00fd panovn\u00edk se v\u017edy sna\u017e\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele (rozum\u011bj: tajn\u00e9ho agenta) u sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele.“<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Ludv\u00edk XI. p\u0159ivedl diplomacii a\u017e k vrcholu intrik\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, rozkv\u00e9tala v t\u00e9\u017ee dob\u011b v ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9 republice sv. Marka cel\u00e1 diplomatick\u00e1 \u201e\u0161kola a d\u00edlna“, je\u017e p\u011bstovala diplomacii jako formu obelst\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, korupce, pokrytectv\u00ed, v\u011brolomnosti a \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee. \u201e\u0158editelem“ on\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed \u201e\u0161koly“ v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch b\u00fdval obvykle s\u00e1m d\u00f3\u017ee, \u201eu\u010ditelsk\u00fdm sborem“ cel\u00e1 signorie, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bla v\u00fdslechy jednotliv\u00fdch zpravodaj\u016f tak, \u017ee je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bli do d\u00f3\u017eec\u00edho pal\u00e1ce v p\u0159estrojen\u00ed postrann\u00edmi vchody do zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 upraven\u00fdch komnat.<\/p>\n

Sm\u011brnice a pokyny pro \u010dinnost ben\u00e1tsk\u00fdch vyslanc\u016f na ciz\u00edch dvorech vznikaly od 13. stolet\u00ed a byly neust\u00e1le dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ny a vylep\u0161ov\u00e1ny, a\u017e se z nich stal obs\u00e1hl\u00fd kodex. Tak t\u0159eba mj. nesm\u011bli ben\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed vyslanci hovo\u0159it s cizinci o st\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech republiky, nesm\u011bli si s sebou br\u00e1t man\u017eelky, aby neprozradily n\u011bjak\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed, zato v\u0161ak m\u011bli vlastn\u00edho kucha\u0159e, aby nebyli otr\u00e1veni. D\u00e9lka vyslancova pobytu v zahrani\u010d\u00ed b\u00fdvala zprvu omezena na n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, v 15. stolet\u00ed do\u0161lo k prodlou\u017een\u00ed na dva roky, pozd\u011bji na t\u0159i. B\u011bhem pobytu v cizin\u011b musel vyslanec pos\u00edlat signoru obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o politick\u00e9 situaci v zemi a po n\u00e1vratu vypracovat obs\u00e1hl\u00e9 souhrnn\u00e9 v\u00fdkazy o \u010dinnosti, tzv. relazioni.<\/p>\n

Depe\u0161e ben\u00e1tsk\u00fdch vyslanc\u016f b\u00fdvaly ji\u017e tenkr\u00e1t \u0161ifrov\u00e1ny. Povol\u00e1n\u00ed a um\u011bn\u00ed \u0161ifrova\u010d\u016f po\u017e\u00edvalo u ben\u00e1tsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f oded\u00e1vna velk\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017enosti. V\u011bt\u0161ina pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch \u0161ifer v\u0161ak b\u00fdvala pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 a dost snadno rozlu\u0161titeln\u00e1. Nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0161lo o z\u00e1m\u011bnu latinsk\u00fdch p\u00edsmen bu\u010f jin\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny nebo arabsk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi, \u010d\u00e1rkami, te\u010dkami \u010di libovoln\u00fdmi obrazci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se pro stejn\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno pou\u017e\u00edvalo i n\u011bkolika znak\u016f, do \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho textu se zav\u00e1d\u011bly bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zna\u010dky, aby se zt\u00ed\u017eilo rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch depe\u0161\u00edch referovali ben\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed vyslanci o charakteru panovn\u00edk\u016f a vedouc\u00edch osobnosti t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 zem\u011b, o dvorsk\u00fdch klik\u00e1ch, o vojensk\u00fdch, materi\u00e1ln\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch, o situaci a n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch obyvatelstva aj. P\u0159\u00edklad Ben\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily diplomacii v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e, ovlivnil celou tehdej\u0161\u00ed Evropu. T\u00e9to ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed politice vyzv\u011bda\u010dstv\u00ed, v\u011brolomnosti, n\u00e1sil\u00ed a zrady nasadili po\u010d\u00e1tkem 16. stolet\u00ed korunu dva p\u0159edn\u00ed ital\u0161t\u00ed politikov\u00e9 \u2014 Macchiavelli a Guicciardini.<\/p>\n

Macchiavelli radil kn\u00ed\u017eat\u016fm: \u201e\u017divo\u010dichov\u00e9, v jejich\u017e roucho se m\u00e1 kn\u00ed\u017ee um\u011bti obl\u00e9ci, jsou li\u0161ka a lev… Kn\u00ed\u017ee se nau\u010d\u00ed nejprve b\u00fdti chytr\u00fdm a za druh\u00e9 b\u00fdti siln\u00fdm. Ti, kdo\u017e zavrhuj\u00ed \u00fakol li\u0161ky, nerozum\u011bj\u00ed sv\u00e9mu povol\u00e1n\u00ed; jin\u00fdmi slovy, opatrn\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee se bude varovati, aby st\u00e1l v slibech, je\u017e pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 za \u0161kodliv\u00e9 sv\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm.“<\/p>\n

Guicciardiniho z\u00e1sada zn\u011bla: \u201eCht\u011bj\u00ed-li kn\u00ed\u017eata klamati sv\u00e9 protivn\u00edky, mus\u00ed nejprve klamati sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vyslance: slova t\u011bchto budou se jeviti svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a budou zp\u016fsobilej\u0161\u00ed, aby vnukla d\u016fv\u011bru…“<\/p>\n

O tom, jak d\u016fsledn\u011b ben\u00e1tsk\u00e1 \u201ediplomatick\u00e1 \u0161kola“ dodr\u017eovala heslo, \u017ee \u00fa\u010del sv\u011bt\u00ed prost\u0159edky, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1zorn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad. V \u010dervnu 1495 se jak\u00fdsi della Scala, odsouzen\u00fd a vypov\u011bzen\u00fd z Ben\u00e1tek, nab\u00eddl signorii, \u017ee vyhod\u00ed do vzduchu prach\u00e1rnu francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le a \u017ee s pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u201ep\u0159\u00e1tel“ Karla VIII. zavra\u017ed\u00ed. Ben\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed vl\u00e1dci tuto nab\u00eddku jednomysln\u011b p\u0159ijali a della Scalovi p\u0159isl\u00edbili milost i bohatou odm\u011bnu. Zlo\u010dinec della Scala se pak s\u00e1m zalekl kr\u00e1lovra\u017edy a omezil se na slib vyhodit do vzduchu francouzskou prach\u00e1mu, ale signoria se spokojila i s touto skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddkou a opakovala p\u0159\u00edslib amnestie a bohat\u00e9ho \u017eivota v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch a\u017e do smrti…<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad della Scaly je historick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem pro \u010dinnost, kter\u00e9 se dnes v americk\u00e9 \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed hant\u00fdrce \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ecloak and dagger“ (pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a d\u00fdka) a pro kterou m\u00e1 t\u0159eba CIA cel\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed \u2014 \u201eDepartment of Covert Activities“, kde se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed sabot\u00e1\u017ee, diverze, \u00fanosy, kr\u00e1de\u017ee dokument\u016f, \u017eh\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed aj.<\/p>\n

Cynicky, zato otev\u0159en\u011b formuloval z\u00e1sady m\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e9 diplomacie p\u0159ed 300 lety \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 Oxenstjerna: \u201eDiplomat mus\u00ed m\u00edt v\u017edy po ruce k slu\u017eb\u00e1m dv\u011b otrokyn\u011b \u2014 p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zast\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed…“ Neboli \u2014 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a d\u00fdku.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u011bjepisci vyzv\u011bda\u010dstv\u00ed se shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e tak star\u00e1 jako lidstvo samo. Pr\u00fd zrovna jako prostituce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[232],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1212\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}