{"id":1216,"date":"2012-06-05T16:14:23","date_gmt":"2012-06-05T14:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/05\/bitva-u-trafalgaru\/"},"modified":"2012-06-05T16:14:23","modified_gmt":"2012-06-05T14:14:23","slug":"bitva-u-trafalgaru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/05\/bitva-u-trafalgaru\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitva u Trafalgaru"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1215\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"trafalgar\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/trafalgar.jpg\" height=\"122\" width=\"150\" \/>Napoleon, jako mnoho jin\u00fdch dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, snil o sv\u011btovl\u00e1d\u011b. Podmanil si celou Evropu \u2014 vyjma Anglie. V\u011bd\u011bl v\u0161ak, \u017ee je jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, kdy jeho 3000 lod\u00ed p\u0159epluje kan\u00e1l La Manche a vysad\u00ed na anglick\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed invazn\u00ed vojska. V roce 1805 byl program v\u00fdstavby v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva spln\u011bn teprve z poloviny. Ze 120 pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch velk\u00fdch bitevn\u00edch \u0159adov\u00fdch lod\u00ed br\u00e1zdilo St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0160edes\u00e1t. Aby nezah\u00e1lely, na\u0159\u00eddil jim Napoleon zni\u010dit anglick\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi, pluj\u00edc\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e v t\u011bchto oblastech.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">21. \u0159\u00edjna 1805 vzplanula u mysu Trafalgar, nedaleko z\u00e1padn\u00edho vjezdu do Gibraltarsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u017einy, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bitva plachetn\u00edho lo\u010fstva. Znamenala konec Napoleonov\u00fdch sn\u016f na ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed Anglie. Je pozoruhodn\u00e1 sv\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spojeneck\u00e1 francouzsko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 eskadra m\u011bla 33 velk\u00fdch bitevn\u00edch lod\u00ed a op\u00edrala se nav\u00edc o pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed ochranu. Proti n\u00ed vyplula anglick\u00e1 flotila pod velen\u00edm viceadmir\u00e1la Nelsona s 27 \u0159adov\u00fdmi kor\u00e1by. Podle v\u0161ech pravidel tehdej\u0161\u00edho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed se m\u011bl Nelson br\u00e1nit a protivn\u00edk, maj\u00edc\u00ed zna\u010dnou p\u0159esilu, \u00fato\u010dit. Le\u010d v s\u00e1zce byla Anglie. Obrana znamenala por\u00e1\u017eku, por\u00e1\u017eka znamenala obsazen\u00ed v\u00e1lkou ji\u017e tak vys\u00edlen\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie. Nelson za\u00fato\u010dil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Byl to beze v\u0161\u00ed pochyby nesm\u00edrn\u00fd hazard, proto\u017ee v okam\u017eiku p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se lo\u010fstev (bylo velmi pomal\u00e9, proto\u017ee nev\u00e1l v\u00edtr) mohla francouzsko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 flotila st\u0159\u00edlet ze v\u0161ech bo\u010dn\u00edch palubn\u00edch d\u011bl a pot\u00e1p\u011bt postupn\u00e9 jednu naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed lo\u010f za druhou. P\u0159es pekelnou palbu se \u010delo anglick\u00e9ho konvoje bl\u00ed\u017eilo. A situace se zm\u011bnila v okam\u017eiku, kdy pro\u0159\u00edzlo sestavu spojeneck\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva a za\u010dalo bo\u010dn\u00ed palbou postupn\u011b ni\u010dit francouzsk\u00e9 bitevn\u00ed lodi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tak anglick\u00e1 eskadra zni\u010dila pod Nelsonov\u00fdm velen\u00edm 18 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch bitevn\u00edch lod\u00ed, 11 dal\u0161\u00edch se zachr\u00e1nilo v p\u0159\u00edstavu, 4 propluly na \u0161ir\u00e9 mo\u0159e, ale byly zajaty jinou anglickou eskadrou. Zv\u00edt\u011bzilo velitelsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed nad hrubou silou. A state\u010dnost. Zat\u00edmco velitel spojeneck\u00e9 flotily admir\u00e1l Villeneuve \u0159\u00eddil boj z kabiny sv\u00e9 velitelsk\u00e9 lodi pomoc\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f a rozkaz\u016f, Nelson sezn\u00e1mil sv\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 dopodrobna s ideou boje, nechal je jednat naprosto samostatn\u011b. S\u00e1m bojoval jako prost\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tento velik\u00e1n, zakladatel sl\u00e1vy anglick\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva, se za sv\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho \u017eivota z\u00fa\u010dastnil 124 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch boj\u016f, byl 40kr\u00e1t zran\u011bn. V roce 1794, p\u0159i obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed korsick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu Calvi, ztratil prav\u00e9 oko. V noci na 26. \u010dervna 1797 velel v\u00fdsadku na m\u011bsto Santa Cruz na ostrov\u011b Tenerifa a ztratil ruku. V bitv\u011b u Trafalgaru byl smrteln\u011b ran\u011bn a brzy pot\u00e9 zem\u0159el. Jeho posledn\u00ed rozkaz zn\u011bl: \u201eZakotv\u011bte kor\u00e1by&#8230; splnili jste svou povinnost, zaslou\u017e\u00edte si odpo\u010dinek!&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toho dne se zrodila Anglie jako kr\u00e1lovna mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Napoleon, jako mnoho jin\u00fdch dikt\u00e1tor\u016f, snil o sv\u011btovl\u00e1d\u011b. Podmanil si celou Evropu \u2014 vyjma Anglie. V\u011bd\u011bl v\u0161ak, \u017ee je jen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[79],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}