{"id":1227,"date":"2012-06-05T20:33:46","date_gmt":"2012-06-05T18:33:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/05\/stalin-a-valka-2\/"},"modified":"2012-06-05T20:33:46","modified_gmt":"2012-06-05T18:33:46","slug":"stalin-a-valka-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/05\/stalin-a-valka-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Stalin a v\u00e1lka (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-170\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"stalin\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/stalin.jpg\" height=\"108\" width=\"150\" \/>Mluv\u00edme-li o kultu Stalinovy osobnosti, nejde tu jen o nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vychvalov\u00e1n\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka a o jeho absolutn\u00ed autoritu. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o deformaci soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f v socialistick\u00e9 zemi, o nastolen\u00ed re\u017eimu absolutn\u00ed moci jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se o zv\u016fli a nez\u00e1konnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cht\u011bl bych \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm p\u0159ipomenout pr\u00e1v\u011b osud velitel\u016f a politick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Jsem toti\u017e pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee neb\u00fdt repres\u00ed v letech 1937\u20141938, nebylo by ani ono osudn\u00e9 l\u00e9to 1941. Hitlerovsk\u00e1 vojska vtrhla 22. \u010dervna 1941 bez vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, zlomila zoufal\u00fd odpor Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a n\u00e1sledn\u011b pronikla a\u017e k Moskv\u011b, Leningradu, Volze a na Kavkaz. Jak se to vlastn\u011b mohlo st\u00e1t?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podle \u00fadaj\u016f dnes u\u017e zesnul\u00e9ho gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edka A. I. Todorsk\u00e9ho (1) ze 733 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f a politick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy padlo 579 p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou za ob\u011bt repres\u00e1li\u00edm. Od kv\u011btna 1937 do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938 byla zat\u010dena, uv\u011bzn\u011bna v t\u00e1borech nebo popravena bezm\u00e1la polovina celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu velitel\u016f pluk\u016f a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni velitel\u00e9 diviz\u00ed i brig\u00e1d, d\u00e1le v\u0161ichni velitel\u00e9 sbor\u016f a velitel\u00e9 vojensk\u00fdch okruh\u016f. V \u010dervnu 1941 tedy m\u011blo vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed pouze 7 procent velitel\u016f na\u0161ich ozbrojen\u00fdch sil a 37 procent nem\u011blo ani \u00fapln\u00e9 st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed padli za ob\u011b\u0165 repres\u00e1li\u00edm, dob\u0159e znala n\u011bmeckou vojenskou organizaci a vojensk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed, kde\u017eto k\u00e1dr\u016fm, kter\u00e9 je nahradily, takov\u00e9 znalosti chyb\u011bly. Politick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 veden\u00ed fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka to v\u0161echno dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011blo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Obrovsk\u00e9 \u0161kody nap\u00e1chaly repres\u00e1lie proti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm teoretik\u016fm. Jejich d\u00edla se st\u00e1hla, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b brzdilo rozvoj vojensk\u00e9 teorie a postihlo tak velitele v\u0161ech stup\u0148\u016f. Pozd\u011bji, u\u017e za v\u00e1lky, se ud\u011blalo hodn\u011b pro studium a zobecn\u011bn\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch bojov\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, jen\u017ee v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee teoretick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se tomu v\u011bnovali, nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, m\u011bla tehdej\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b popisn\u00fd a aplika\u010dn\u00ed charakter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mnoz\u00ed na\u0161i krajan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161li v\u00e1lkou od za\u010d\u00e1tku a\u017e do konce, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed tyto p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny tragick\u00fdch por\u00e1\u017eek roku 1941: nebyla dokon\u010dena reorganizace a p\u0159ezbrojen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny \u00fatvar\u016f a jednotek; opozdili jsme se se strategick\u00fdm rozvinut\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edch pohrani\u010dn\u00edch okruh\u016f; opo\u017ed\u011bn\u011b vstoupil v \u010dinnost pl\u00e1n obrany; ve sm\u011brnici lidov\u00e9ho komisa\u0159e obrany vydan\u00e9 ve\u010der 21. \u010dervna 1941 byly \u00fakoly stanoveny pozd\u011b a nep\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee jsme zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nem\u011bli modern\u00ed tanky, rychl\u00e9 letouny s velkor\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed a r\u00e1diov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm \u2014 to v\u0161echno se teprve vyv\u00edjelo. \u201eD\u011bjiny n\u00e1m daly m\u00e1lo \u010dasu,&#8220; p\u00ed\u0161e Moskvan I. S. Ti\u0161\u010denko, \u201eA to byla hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina ne\u00fasp\u011bchu v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00e1lky, represe roku 1937 s t\u00edm nem\u011bly co d\u011blat.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na historii se d\u00e1 ov\u0161em sv\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161echno, historie to unese. Ale nezbavuje n\u00e1s to nutnosti ujasnit si aspo\u0148 te\u010f, za\u010d m\u016f\u017ee ta trp\u011bliv\u00e1 historie a za\u010d mohou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed historii vytv\u00e1\u0159eli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ano, dnes je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee sm\u011brnice o uveden\u00ed vojsk z\u00e1padn\u00edch okruh\u016f do bojov\u00e9 pohotovosti a bojov\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed byla vyd\u00e1na s neodpustiteln\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. K vojsk\u016fm se dostala, kdy\u017e u\u017e byla v\u00e1lka v pln\u00e9m proudu. V\u0161echno se muselo organizovat v nesm\u00edrn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 situaci, pod \u00fadery protivn\u00edkovy p\u0159esily. Skr\u00fdv\u00e1 se v\u0161ak za t\u00edm jin\u00e1, mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se kterou je v\u0161e, co jsme zde \u0159ekli, pouh\u00fd n\u00e1sledek.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mluv\u00edme-li o kultu Stalinovy osobnosti, nejde tu jen o nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vychvalov\u00e1n\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka a o jeho absolutn\u00ed autoritu. Jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[13,23],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1227"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1227\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}