{"id":1242,"date":"2012-06-20T18:39:49","date_gmt":"2012-06-20T16:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/20\/sudan-na-okraji-skryte-ruce-za-ropnou-valkou\/"},"modified":"2012-06-20T18:39:49","modified_gmt":"2012-06-20T16:39:49","slug":"sudan-na-okraji-skryte-ruce-za-ropnou-valkou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/06\/20\/sudan-na-okraji-skryte-ruce-za-ropnou-valkou\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fad\u00e1n na okraji: skryt\u00e9 ruce za ropnou v\u00e1lkou"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"sudan\"S\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00fd president Omar al-Bashir op\u011bt zam\u00e1val hol\u00ed. Op\u011bt mluvil o skv\u011bl\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edch nad sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli, a tis\u00edce jeho p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f tan\u010dily a j\u00e1saly. Ale tentokr\u00e1t asi p\u0159est\u0159elil. Tot\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lka proti nov\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9mu Ji\u017en\u00edmu S\u00fad\u00e1nu by nemusela b\u00fdt v nejlep\u0161\u00edm s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu. Ch\u0159est jihos\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed nen\u00ed \u010dist\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 iniciativa. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n

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     Jeho nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed proh\u0159e\u0161ky – obsazen\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pole v Hegligu 10. dubna, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 kvapn\u00fdm \u00fastupem o 10 dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji- mohlo b\u00fdt vykalkulovan\u00fdm pohybem s c\u00edlem zat\u00e1hnout S\u00fad\u00e1n do rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edho konfliktu. Zara\u017een p\u0159epaden\u00edm Hegligu, jen\u017e podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odhad\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovinu ropn\u00e9ho v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eku zem\u011b, sl\u00edbil Bashir v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad jihem. V projevu k davu v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Severn\u00edho Kordofanu, El-Obeid, Bashir prakticky vyhl\u00e1sil v\u00e1lku. \u201eHeglig, to nen\u00ed, konec, to je za\u010d\u00e1tek\u201c, \u0159ekl. Tak\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sil p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eosvobodit\u201c lid Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu od vl\u00e1dy slo\u017een\u00e9 z \u201ehmyzu\u201c.<\/p>\n

     Pr\u00e1v\u011b kdy\u017e s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00fd ministr obrany vyhl\u00e1sil Heglig za osvobozenou oblast, pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z por\u00e1\u017eky bylo nahrazeno projevem v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b z v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. \u201eOni za\u010dali bojovat a my ohl\u00e1s\u00edme, kdy to skon\u010d\u00ed, a n\u00e1\u0161 postup nikdy neskon\u010d\u00ed\u201c, ozn\u00e1mil pozd\u011bji Bashir.<\/p>\n

     Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jihos\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jsou odm\u011b\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, s ohledem na to, \u017ee jsou ur\u010deny zahrani\u010dn\u00edm poslucha\u010d\u016fm. President Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu Salva Kiir jednodu\u0161e \u0159ekl, \u017ee jeho s\u00edly opustily oblast po v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Ty obsahovaly prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka OSN Ban Ki Moona, kter\u00fd popsal \u00fatok na Heglig jako \u201enaru\u0161en\u00ed suverenity S\u00fad\u00e1nu a \u010dist\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010din\u201c. Den p\u0159ed kvapn\u00fdm \u00fastupem tvrdil mluv\u010d\u00ed jihos\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Barnaba Marial Benjamin, \u017ee p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ne\u0161lo o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd konflikt. Jeho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bylo zar\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed a pov\u00fd\u0161eneck\u00e9. Pova\u017eoval S\u00fad\u00e1n, jen\u017e se tehdy sb\u00edral k v\u00e1lce za znovunabyt\u00ed na ropu bohat\u00e9 oblasti, za souseda, za p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod, a tvrdil, \u017ee \u201edosud jsme nevnikli do S\u00fad\u00e1nu ani o p\u00ed\u010f\u201c. Faktem v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee kdekoli, kde je ropa, nemohou b\u00fdt politick\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e tak jednoduch\u00e9.       <\/p>\n

     S\u00fad\u00e1n je p\u0159isti\u017een p\u0159i mnoharozm\u011brn\u00e9m konfliktu, obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm obchod se zbran\u011bmi, vnit\u0159n\u00ed nestabilitu, \u010detn\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a p\u0159\u00edtomnost hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f zven\u010d\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy. Nic z toho nesta\u010d\u00ed k omluven\u00ed ochoty k v\u00e1lce ve jm\u00e9nu Chart\u00famu a Juby, ale s jistotou to p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky jak\u00e9mukoli pokusu, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmu k n\u00e1prav\u011b situace. Jedin\u00fdm  agresivn\u00edm \u010dinem m\u016f\u017ee vzplanout cel\u00fd soubor konflikt\u016f. Je to podstata politiky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zmocn\u011bnc\u016f, kdy mnoho ozbrojen\u00fdch skupin hled\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k \u00fazemn\u00edm i finan\u010dn\u00edm zisk\u016fm. Zpr\u00e1vy u\u017e hovo\u0159\u00ed o mo\u017en\u00e9m zapojen\u00ed Ugandy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by v\u00e1lka mezi Chart\u00famem a Jubou p\u0159ekro\u010dila obvykl\u00e9 hranice. \u201eJak se mo\u017enost pln\u011b rozvinut\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ost\u0159e zv\u00fd\u0161ila, gener\u00e1l Aronda Nyakairima, \u0161\u00e9f ugandsk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch sil, \u0159ekl, \u017ee jeho arm\u00e1da bude nucena zas\u00e1hnout, pokud Bashir svrhne jihos\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00fd re\u017eim\u201c, uvedl Alexis Okeowo na webu den\u00edku the New Yorker .<\/p>\n

     Oba S\u00fad\u00e1ny vedou svoji vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1lku proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm rebeluj\u00edc\u00edcm skupin\u00e1m. Navzdory nedostatku z\u00e1kladn\u00edch potravin v oblasti si plno zbran\u00ed hled\u00e1 cestu kamkoli, kde se d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat spor. V prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vydan\u00e9m vloni v \u010dervenci vyzvala Amnesty International \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty OSN ke kontrole z\u00e1silek zbran\u00ed do S\u00fad\u00e1nu i do Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu. Obvinila USA, Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu, \u017ee dod\u00e1vkami zbran\u00ed p\u0159i\u017eivuj\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed v s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9m konfliktu.<\/p>\n

     O americk\u00e9 podpo\u0159e Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu se u\u017e dob\u0159e v\u00ed. \u201eUSA \u00fadajn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed 100 milion\u016f $ na vojenskou pomoc S\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b\u201c, bylo uvedeno v diplomatick\u00e9 po\u0161t\u011b, odhalen\u00e9 na WikiLeaks. Z\u00e1jem USA v Ji\u017en\u00edm S\u00fad\u00e1nu nen\u00ed ani n\u00e1hodn\u00fd, ani humanit\u00e1rn\u011b motivovan\u00fd. Politick\u00fd koment\u00e1tor Reason Wafawarova uvedl: \u201eNebylo by p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, kdyby se USA sna\u017eily vyd\u011blat na zranitelnosti Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu ve snaze ustavit z\u00e1kladnu Africomu n\u011bkde v subsaharsk\u00e9 Africe.\u201c Americk\u00e1 a izraelsk\u00e1 podpora Juby nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm. S\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka z let 1983-2005, je\u017e st\u00e1la odhadem 2,.5 milionu \u017eivot\u016f, by netrvala tak dlouho bez trval\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vojensk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed. A a\u010dkoli Souhrnn\u00e1 m\u00edrov\u00e1 smlouva z roku 005, referendum z ledna 2011 a nakonec nez\u00e1vislost Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu z \u010dervence m\u011bly znamenat uveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed m\u00edru a spolupr\u00e1ce, nic z toho se neuskute\u010dnilo. \u00dazemn\u00ed \u00fastupky S\u00fad\u00e1nu p\u0159i\u0161ly draho, a Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n, zni\u010den\u00fd a bez p\u0159\u00edstupu k mo\u0159i, dozr\u00e1l k vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed zven\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

     Ob\u011b zem\u011b jsou te\u010f chyceny ve smrteln\u00e9m objet\u00ed. Nemohou se ani zcela pod\u011blit o cesty, ani spolupracovat bez rizika v\u00e1lky p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. Bashir tak\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee funguje bez mo\u017enosti volby. Podle egyptsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdden\u00edku Al Ahram a\u010dkoli Chart\u00fam po odtr\u017een\u00ed ji\u017e ztratil t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny sv\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, a te\u010f je p\u0159ipraven na to, \u017ee ztrat\u00ed zbytek. P\u0159irozen\u011b, konflikt takov\u00e9ho rozsahu nelze vy\u0159e\u0161it pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi gesty a uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi stanovisky. Konflikt je jit\u0159en\u00fd po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, a v\u00e1lka je jedin\u00fdm spole\u010dn\u00fdm jazykem. Siln\u00e9 zem\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b USA, Ruska, \u010c\u00edny, ale tak\u00e9 Izraele a m\u00edstn\u00edch arabsk\u00fdch i africk\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed konfliktu ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch kdy mohou.   <\/p>\n

     V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 anal\u00fdze soudila bruselsk\u00e1 Skupina pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed krize, \u017ee k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed krize je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 strategie. Tato krizov\u00e1 skupina doporu\u010duje: \u201eRada bezpe\u010dnosti OSN mus\u00ed znovu trvat na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u00edru a bezpe\u010dnosti, i se zaveden\u00edm pohrani\u010dn\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak nast\u00ednily prozat\u00edmn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edly OSN v Abyei.\u201c Ale o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee Rada bezpe\u010dnosti bude konat v politick\u00e9m tandemu, se zd\u00e1 pon\u011bkud p\u0159ehnan\u011b optimistick\u00e9. Vezmeme-li v \u00favahu, \u017ee USA vyzbrojuj\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n a Rusko a \u010c\u00edna nad\u00e1le podporuj\u00ed Chart\u00fam, existuje ve skute\u010dnosti rivalita i uvnit\u0159 samotn\u00e9 OSN. K  m\u00edrov\u00e9mu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed do budoucna udr\u017eiteln\u00e9mu je nutn\u00e9 respektovat \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost S\u00fad\u00e1nu, a Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt tla\u010den\u00fd na okraj zoufalstv\u00ed. Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, aby trvala rivalita mezi USA, Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou na \u00fakor n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 se zm\u00edtaj\u00ed mezi hladem a ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou. A a\u0165 u\u017e jsou skryt\u00e9 ruce, je\u017e nad\u00e1le vyko\u0159is\u0165uj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edkoli, s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9 strasti mus\u00ed te\u010f b\u00fdt odhaleny a omezeny.   <\/p>\n

Ramzy Baroud, PalestineChronicle.com (p\u0159eklad Vladim\u00edr Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00fd president Omar al-Bashir op\u011bt zam\u00e1val hol\u00ed. Op\u011bt mluvil o skv\u011bl\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edch nad sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli, a tis\u00edce jeho p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f tan\u010dily<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[201,240,239,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1242"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1242\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}