{"id":1427,"date":"2011-12-26T20:46:31","date_gmt":"2011-12-26T19:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2011\/12\/26\/komunismus-a-faismus-4\/"},"modified":"2011-12-26T20:46:31","modified_gmt":"2011-12-26T19:46:31","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2011\/12\/26\/komunismus-a-faismus-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (4)"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"logo\"Toto\u017enost, podobnosti a rozd\u00edly komunismu a fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Oba syst\u00e9my se hluboce li\u0161ily nejen v ideologii, ale tak\u00e9 v praxi. Ani rozpornost a v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 deformace komunistick\u00e9 politiky nemohou tyto rozpory zakr\u00fdt. Posu\u010fme p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly.<\/p>\n

V Sov\u011btsk\u00e9m svazu a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch byli kapitalist\u00e9 vyvlastn\u011bni a ekonomika \u0159\u00edzena na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. Za panstv\u00ed nacion\u00e1ln\u00edho socialismu a fa\u0161ismu kapitalismus nejen p\u0159e\u017eil, ale velkobur\u017eoazie s jeho p\u0159edstaviteli velice \u00fazce spolupracovala. P.\u0160ustrov\u00e1 ne n\u00e1hodou vyzdvihuje, \u017ee se budouc\u00ed nacistick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost „po absolutn\u00ed eliminaci\/?\/ \u017did\u016f nem\u011bla podstatn\u011b li\u0161it od tehdej\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \/?\/ z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee majetkov\u00e9 vztahy, je\u017e – a\u0165 se n\u00e1m, to l\u00edb\u00ed nebo ne \u2014 zcela z\u00e1kladn\u011b charakterizuj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, m\u011bly z\u016fstat a tak\u00e9 z\u016fstaly za nacismu v principu netknut\u00e9“ \/Listy, s. 23\/. Ot\u0159es nad opov\u00e1\u017elivost\u00ed t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed si dovolili s\u00e1hnout na posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed ji vede k tomu, \u017ee i teroristick\u00e1 a genocidn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla toto vlastnictv\u00ed ochr\u00e1nit, p\u0159ipust\u00ed jako „b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st“ z\u00e1padn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

Komunist\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali rovn\u00fd vztah k v\u00fdrobn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm, kter\u00fd zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 rovn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro v\u0161echny lidi bez jak\u00e9hokoli rozd\u00edlu. Hl\u00e1sali a prosazovali rovnost, nevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, respektov\u00e1n\u00ed suverenity a solidaritu mezi n\u00e1rody. Vych\u00e1zeli z Marxov\u00fdch viz\u00ed o rovnosti lid\u00ed, o osvobozen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a o skoku z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nutnosti do \u0159\u00ed\u0161e svobody. Fa\u0161ismus vych\u00e1zel z nerovnosti a prosazoval nerovnost lid\u00ed, ras i n\u00e1rod\u016f, zd\u016fvod\u0148oval ji iracionalistick\u00fdm mysticismem, rasismem a nacionalismem.<\/p>\n

Komunist\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159i sv\u00e9m energick\u00e9m, rozhodn\u00e9m postupu z objektivn\u00edch pot\u0159eb a z\u00e1jm\u016f velk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin, t\u0159\u00edd a vrstev, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i vzniku, organizov\u00e1n\u00ed a uv\u011bdomov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011blnick\u00e9ho, n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00e9ho, m\u00edrov\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Postupuj\u00ed solid\u00e1rn\u00e9, podporuj\u00ed tato hnut\u00ed v jejich z\u00e1pase. Byli a jsou proto napad\u00e1ni z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran, nikdy v\u0161ak nemohli b\u00fdt obvin\u011bni z terorismu a v\u00fdvozu revoluce. Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 hl\u00e1saj\u00ed a organizuj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd boj vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch ras, panuj\u00edc\u00edch a pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f na principu malthusi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Kapitalistick\u00e9 st\u00e1ty h\u00e1j\u00ed sv\u00e9 pozice v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky, v\u010detn\u011b vojensk\u00fdch agres\u00ed a p\u0159epad\u016f. Komunist\u00e9 se od t\u00e9to politiky sna\u017eili a sna\u017e\u00ed odli\u0161it zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm rovnosti, suverenity, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 podpory a pomoci n\u00e1rod\u016f. P\u0159esto se v komunistick\u00e9 politice objevil prvek, kter\u00fd souvis\u00ed s pr\u00e1vem revoluce se br\u00e1nit a kter\u00fd Z. Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 nazval „imperi\u00e1ln\u00edm dobrodru\u017estv\u00edm“ \/Mlyn\u00e1\u0159\/. Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 v\u0161ak hl\u00e1sali nutnost a prosp\u011b\u0161nost v\u00e1lek jak v z\u00e1jmu mravn\u00ed obrody v panuj\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1rod\u011b, tak v z\u00e1jmu \u00fazemn\u00ed expanze. Pou\u017e\u00edvali svou ideologii jako z\u00e1klad pro otev\u0159enou politiku expanze, v z\u00e1jmu poroben\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a ras. \u0160lo jim o ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed sv\u011bta v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdboji.<\/p>\n

Politika komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed a socialistick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f byla rozporn\u00e1. Socialistick\u00e9 zem\u011b \u0161ly nevyzkou\u0161enou cestou revolu\u010dn\u00edho zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed procesu emancipace, a to v\u0161ech lid\u00ed, bez rozd\u00edlu. Nedok\u00e1zaly p\u0159itom odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zajistit \u00fa\u010dast lid\u00ed na spr\u00e1v\u011b a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, nav\u00e1zat na nejlep\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nky dom\u00e1c\u00ed tradice a pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt historick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Dopustily se v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch chyb. Politika fa\u0161ismu byla celkov\u011b vsak destruktivn\u00ed. Kde lze naj\u00edt jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, \u017ee fa\u0161ist\u00e9 bojovali za v\u011bc svobody? Komunistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed a socialistick\u00e9 zem\u011b pat\u0159ily k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bojovn\u00edk\u016fm proti kolonialismu, rasismu, za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u011b napomohly por\u00e1\u017ece fa\u0161ismu. Podn\u011bcovaly v\u0161ude ve sv\u011bt\u011b snahy o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost. Donutily politiky v rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch k \u00fastupk\u016fm z krajn\u00edch pozic p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f bur\u017eoazie a napomohly vzniku siln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky.<\/p>\n

Kde lze naj\u00edt jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, \u017ee fa\u0161ist\u00e9 usilovali sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00farove\u0148 vojensk\u00e9 \u00ed jin\u00fdch forem konfrontace v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch? Vyprovokovali naopak druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku, v n\u00ed\u017e zahynulo na pades\u00e1t mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed a byly zni\u010deny nenahraditeln\u00e9 hodnoty. Komunistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed a zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b socialistick\u00e9 zem\u011b provokovaly kapitalismus ji\u017e samou svou existenc\u00ed. Od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku se sna\u017eil jejich pozice nejen omezit, ale tak\u00e9 jimi ot\u0159\u00e1st a „zatla\u010dit“ je tak nejen do defenz\u00edvy, ale tak\u00e9 do slep\u00e9ho kouta. V zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice socialistick\u00fdch zem\u00ed se objevovaly prvky, kter\u00e9 mohly blokov\u00e9mu rozd\u011blen\u00ed a zbrojen\u00ed napom\u00e1hat. Je v\u0161ak v dobr\u00e9 pam\u011bti z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linie t\u00e9to politiky, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k m\u00edrov\u00e9mu sou\u017eit\u00ed protich\u016fdn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzbroje i ke v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu odzbrojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kde lze naj\u00edt ve fa\u0161istick\u00fdch re\u017eimech jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad vnit\u0159n\u00edch diskus\u00ed, organizovan\u00fdch ve stran\u011b \u010di ve spole\u010dnosti? Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 nediskutovali, d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost slep\u00e9 poslu\u0161nosti a voj\u00e1ck\u00fdm \u010cin\u016fm. Komunist\u00e9 z\u00e1pasili o vnitrostranickou demokracii a p\u0159es \u0159adu probl\u00e9m\u016f i omezen\u00ed hledali zp\u016fsoby k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dasti pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 vedli boj za prosazen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho antihum\u00e1nn\u00edho programu s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepolevuj\u00edc\u00edm fanatismem do posledn\u00edho konce. Komunist\u00e9, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v \u010ceskoslovensku, sv\u00e1d\u011bli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd, marn\u00fd boj s v\u00fdlu\u010dnou moc\u00ed „sv\u00e9“ stranickost\u00e1tn\u00ed hierarchie. Souhlasili s p\u0159enech\u00e1n\u00edm moci sil\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se draly kup\u0159edu s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 shodn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky, jak\u00e9 obsahoval program p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd pro jejich 18.sjezd. U\u010dinili tak, proto\u017ee se t\u011bmto sil\u00e1m mezit\u00edm poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat podporu dosud ml\u010d\u00edc\u00ed a vy\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. Sami se ve velk\u00e9m poctu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vystoupen\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnili.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 socialistick\u00e1 ideologie byla rozporn\u00e1. Byla postihov\u00e1na rozpornou i deformovanou prax\u00ed, pod\u0159izov\u00e1na j\u00ed a sama se j\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobovala. T\u00edm se postupn\u011b zmen\u0161ovala jej\u00ed schopnost napom\u00e1hat rozpory praxe \u0159e\u0161it. Jej\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b humanistick\u00e9 a demokratick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, vyvozen\u00e9 z Marxov\u00fdch a Leninov\u00fdch ide\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1valo nevyu\u017eito. Fa\u0161istick\u00e1 ideologie se do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch takov\u00fdch rozpor\u016f se sebou samou a s fa\u0161istickou politikou nedost\u00e1vala. Byla pln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobena pot\u0159eb\u00e1m praxe fa\u0161istick\u00e9 politiky. Beze zbytku se jim ve sv\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b a argumentaci pod\u0159izovala.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Toto\u017enost, podobnosti a rozd\u00edly komunismu a fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1427\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}