{"id":1442,"date":"2012-01-08T10:44:36","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T09:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-8\/"},"modified":"2012-01-08T10:44:36","modified_gmt":"2012-01-08T09:44:36","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (8)"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"logo\"2. Podstata fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ismus je ideologie, politika a hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vstoupilo do d\u011bjin jako produkt kapitalismu, jako v\u00fdsledek ne\u0159e\u0161itelnosti jeho rozpor\u016f a snahy velk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu \u010delit p\u0159\u00edmo, a to i t\u011bmi nejkrajn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prost\u0159edky, ohro\u017een\u00ed a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1niku syst\u00e9mu. Stejn\u00e9mu c\u00edli slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jeho nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 formy, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed obdobn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky \/nap\u0159. \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00e1visti v\u016f\u010di cizinc\u016fm \u010di „barevn\u00fdm“\/. Fa\u0161ismus, kter\u00fd poslou\u017eil z\u00e1jm\u016fm velkokapit\u00e1lu a je v tomto z\u00e1jmu nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n, se sou\u010dasn\u011b obrac\u00ed proti z\u00e1jm\u016fm oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, proti cel\u00fdm ras\u00e1m a n\u00e1rod\u016fm a otev\u0159en\u011b to vyhla\u0161uje. Nad \u0161irok\u00e9 vrstvy lid\u00ed, ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1rody a rasy, nad lidstvo jako celek stav\u00ed povolan\u00fd pansk\u00fd n\u00e1rod \u010di rasu, malou v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed elitu, proz\u0159etelnost\u00ed vyvolen\u00e9ho v\u016fdce. Z\u00e1jm\u016fm vyvolen\u00fdch pod\u0159izuje z\u00e1jmy, svobody a pr\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

Proti odp\u016frc\u016fm otev\u0159en\u011b ospravedl\u0148uje pr\u00e1vo pou\u017e\u00edt a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i ty nejkrut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky. N\u00e1sil\u00ed nejen ospravedl\u0148uje, ale glorifikuje a veleb\u00ed. V\u00e1lku prohla\u0161uje nejen za \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd prost\u0159edek politiky, ale tak\u00e9 podn\u011bcuje a vysoce oce\u0148uje jako \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd v\u00fdchovn\u00fd prost\u0159edek kultivace vyvolen\u011b .rasy \u010di n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ismus slou\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na velk\u00e9mu kapit\u00e1lu a s nimi spojen\u00fdm privilegovan\u00fdm vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m \/finan\u010dn\u00ed oligarchii\/, i kdy\u017e navenek vystupuje jako antikapitalistick\u00fd. Tyto s\u00edly vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed fa\u0161istick\u00fdch stran, jejich ideologie a politiky, hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 samy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jim zlomit odpor ohro\u017een\u00fdch neprivilegovan\u00fdch,- soci\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u00fdch a kriz\u00ed zjit\u0159en\u00fdch vrstev, t\u0159\u00ed\u0161tit jejich organizace a nakonec levicov\u00e9 strany a odbory rozb\u00edt a rozmetat.<\/p>\n

Pomoc, kterou velkokapit\u00e1l, velkostatky a vojensk\u00e9 kruhy poskytovaly fa\u0161ist\u016fm, byla nejen rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a vydatn\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 velmi promy\u0161len\u00e1 a d\u016fsledn\u00e1. Jak p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed J.Fi\u0161er a kol., konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o p\u016fsoben\u00ed SDP v \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed, „v\u0161echny kruhy, kter\u00e9 ji podporovaly a vytvo\u0159ily jej\u00ed apar\u00e1t, nejd\u0159\u00edve pe\u010dliv\u011b prozkoumaly jej\u00ed s\u00edlu a \u00fanosnost. Apar\u00e1t pak byl vytvo\u0159en a propaganda byla vedena nejen podle vzoru dosavadn\u00edch stran, n\u00fdbr\u017e podle vzoru propagandy obchodn\u00ed. \u00dasp\u011bch p\u0159edstihl ve\u0161ker\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed“ \/J.Fi\u0161er, V.Patzak, V.Perth: Jejich boj – co chce a \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed Sudetendeutsche Partei, 1937, s.27\/.<\/p>\n

Smyslem fa\u0161ismu bylo pomoci zadr\u017eovat ob\u010dansk\u00e9 vyzr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1por lidov\u00fdch vrstev na st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc. Pod z\u00e1minkou, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9ho prostoru jsou nezral\u00ed, nedosp\u011bl\u00ed a poddajn\u00ed, se sna\u017eil podlamovat jejich sebed\u016fv\u011bru a sr\u00e1\u017eet je na kolena. Jakoukoli snahu prosazovat pr\u00e1va na samostatn\u00fd, nez\u00e1visl\u00fd postup konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev a skupin, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, denuncoval jako „zradu n\u00e1roda“.<\/p>\n

Tato podstata byla fa\u0161isty skr\u00fdv\u00e1na pod hesly o dvoj\u00edm ohro\u017een\u00ed: rud\u00e9m, komunistick\u00e9m a zlat\u00e9m, kapitalistick\u00e9m. Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 dovedn\u011b udr\u017eovali nejistotu, kam vlastn\u011b hlavn\u011b jejich d\u011bl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Praxe fa\u0161istick\u00e9 politiky jakoby dokazovala, \u017ee jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o „vzpouru malobur\u017eoazie“ proti kapitalismu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 motivovanou obavami z komunismu. Takov\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad m\u011bl jist\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edn\u011b, fa\u0161ismus pot\u0159ebuje k dosa\u017een\u00ed sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f masovou z\u00e1kladnu. Hledaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na mezi skupinami a vrstvami s nevyhran\u011bnou, ambivalentn\u00ed orientac\u00ed, tj. zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mezi st\u0159edn\u00edmi vrstvami, malobur\u017eoazi\u00ed, \u017eivnostn\u00edky a roln\u00edky, ni\u010den\u00fdmi konkurenc\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak schopen zneu\u017e\u00edvat i t\u00ed\u017eiv\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed, osobn\u00edch kriz\u00ed a dezorientace d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, prost\u00fdch lid\u00ed, lid\u00ed s nezaji\u0161t\u011bnou existenc\u00ed, student\u016f apod. Nev\u00e1h\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvat ve sv\u00fdch organizac\u00edch i lidsk\u00e9 spodiny a krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f, kter\u00fdm sv\u011b\u0159uje tu nej\u0161pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. \u0160iroce se op\u00edr\u00e1 o st\u00e1tn\u00ed byrokracii, policejn\u00ed apar\u00e1t a arm\u00e1du. \u010casto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 polovojensk\u00fdch teroristick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le, r\u016fzn\u00e9 kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 skupiny hledaj\u00ed ve vypjat\u00fdch situac\u00edch i neobvykl\u00e9 formy, jak upevnit sv\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed na dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b a v\u016f\u010di zahrani\u010dn\u00ed konkurenci. Fa\u0161ismus nab\u00edz\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v z\u00e1jmu velkokapit\u00e1lu \/a t\u00edm jakoby v z\u00e1jmu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch seskupen\u00ed uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b\/krajn\u00ed, ale v dan\u00e9 situaci „\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9“ prost\u0159edky k likvidaci nepohodln\u00e9 konkurence jak doma, tak v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Napad\u00e1 a ni\u010d\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a malou \u017eidovskou bur\u017eoazii v N\u011bmecku, obnovuje zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed expanzi, krut\u011b zasahuje bur\u017eoazii podman\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edly kapit\u00e1lu t\u00e9to schopnosti fa\u0161ismu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a konkurenty jeho z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm bez milosti ob\u011btuj\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 metody „vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed konkurent\u016f“ nezmizely v minulosti. Mohou b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1ny za u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v okam\u017eic\u00edch vystup\u0148ovan\u00fdch kriz\u00ed i v kruz\u00edch nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu. O jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed nebude rozhodovat \u0161irok\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost, ale ta garnitura bur\u017eoazn\u00edch ideolog\u016f a politik\u016f, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1 velkobur\u017eoazie p\u0159ednost. Jak formy, tak metody budou ov\u0161em pon\u011bkud p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny nov\u00e9 situaci.<\/p>\n

Prost\u0159edky, kter\u00e9 fa\u0161ismus vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, jsou v\u017edy pod\u0159\u00edzeny c\u00edl\u016fm, tj. p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9, otev\u0159en\u00e9 obhajob\u011b velk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu a zni\u010den\u00ed jeho protivn\u00edk\u016f. Mohou se ov\u0161em osamostatnit tak, \u017ee se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00fdmi a p\u0159itom svou \u00fa\u010dinnost ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed. V tom p\u0159\u00edpade se bu\u010f fa\u0161ismus p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed nov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m \/jako je tomu u jeho sou\u010dasn\u00fdch forem, nenos\u00edc\u00edch v\u017edy tak z\u0159ejm\u011b na odiv drsn\u00e9 i brut\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, k nim\u017e se hodl\u00e1 uch\u00fdlit\/ nebo je politickou garniturou, kter\u00e1 reprezentuje sebev\u011bdom\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00e1 seskupen\u00ed, do\u010dasn\u011b odlo\u017een a vytla\u010den na okraj politick\u00e9ho spektra. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee byl definitivn\u011b odlo\u017een do muzea politick\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed a hnut\u00ed, p\u0159ece\u0148uje dosah vnit\u0159n\u00ed \/tr\u017en\u00ed\/ seberegulace a \u00farove\u0148 racionality, j\u00ed\u017e je v\u00fdvoj kapitalismu v regionech i ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku prov\u00e1zen. Nedoce\u0148uje ostrost st\u0159et\u016f dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch politick\u00fdch garnitur, kter\u00e9 mu nab\u00edzej\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby: garnitury, kter\u00e1 vyjad\u0159uje sp\u00ed\u0161e jeho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a nezkrocenou expanzi a garnitury, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, nejistoty a pochyby a snahu sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed zm\u011bnit v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  2. Podstata fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1442"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}