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3. Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ideologie fa\u0161ismu \u010derpala a \u010derp\u00e1 ze sv\u011bton\u00e1zorov\u00fdch a. ideov\u00fdch v\u00fdchodisek, z ideov\u00fdch princip\u016f, tendenc\u00ed a tradic, kter\u00e9 objektivn\u011b \u010ci c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u011b a otev\u0159en\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed proti humanistick\u00e9 a demokratick\u00e9 linii filozofick\u00e9ho, ekonomick\u00e9ho, sociologick\u00e9ho, politologick\u00e9ho, pr\u00e1vn\u00edho, etick\u00e9ho aj. my\u0161len\u00ed. Otev\u0159en\u011b zpochyb\u0148uje moudrost i soudnost oby\u010dejn\u00fdch Ud\u00ed. Uto\u010d\u00ed proti schopnosti svobodn\u00fdch, rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00fdch individu\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat sv\u00e9ho rozumu tvo\u0159iv\u011b, proti jejich schopnosti osvojovat si v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 poznatky, p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat je ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b samostatn\u011b vstupovat do politick\u00e9 akce. Napad\u00e1 v\u0161e, co zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 kolektivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci a solidaritu na \u00fact\u011b k samostatn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 bytosti a snaze o rozvoj lidsk\u00fdch bytostn\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n
a\/ Zdroje fa\u0161istick\u00e9 ideologie<\/p>\n
N\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus vych\u00e1z\u00ed z dom\u00e1c\u00ed nacionalistick\u00e9, rasistick\u00e9 a militaristick\u00e9, antihum\u00e1nn\u00ed tradice, navazuje na konzervativn\u00ed ideologii a politiku. U otc\u016f n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho nacionalismu nalezl v hotov\u00e9 podob\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed argumenty. N\u011bmci jsou „pran\u00e1rodem“, vyvolen\u00fdm k tornu, aby t\u00edm, \u017ee osvobod\u00ed sami sebe, osvobodili i v\u0161echno lidstvo \/J. G. Fichte\/. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vlast je v\u0161ude, kde zn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd jazyk a B\u016fh p\u011bje v nebi sv\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b \/E. M. Arndt\/. N\u00e1rod, kter\u00fd je prom\u00edsen\u00fd, je podobn\u00fd band\u011b. Po\u017eadavek \u010distoty n\u00e1roda vy\u017eaduje tot\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u011bmectv\u00ed: ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ztrat\u00ed ten, kdo uzav\u0159e man\u017eelstv\u00ed s nepon\u011bm\u010den\u00fdm N\u011bmcem. Nen\u00e1vist sm\u011b\u0159uje proti Francouz\u016fm, intelektu\u00e1l\u016fm a \u017eid\u016fm \/F.L.Jahn\/.<\/p>\n
C\u00edle pomohla Hitlerovi formulovat cel\u00e1 schopenhauerovsko – nietzscheovsk\u00e1 linie filozofick\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nemohl by jich dos\u00e1hnout bez ideov\u00fdch inspirac\u00ed a politick\u00e9 pomoci konzervativc\u016f \/N\u011bmeck\u00e9 nacion\u00e1ln\u00ed lidov\u00e9 strany\/. U\u017e v jejich konzervativn\u00ed revoluci \/stejn\u011b jako v revoluci dne\u0161n\u00edch neokonzervativc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b jejich \u010desk\u00e9 odno\u017ee\/ \u0161lo o to, nat\u00e1hnout nejen V\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 republice, ale cel\u00e9mu bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9mu sv\u011btu iracionalistickou sv\u011brac\u00ed kazajku.<\/p>\n
Jak p\u00ed\u0161e H. Jaenecke, „Hitler p\u016fsobil jako krystaliza\u010cn\u00ed zrno, je\u017e bylo vhozeno do nasycen\u00e9ho mate\u010dn\u00e9ho louhu: v\u0161e bylo p\u0159ipraveno. Hitler si u\u017e nemusel nic vymyslet. Antisemitismus pat\u0159il k dobr\u00e9mu t\u00f3nu pravice stejn\u011b jako politick\u00e1 vra\u017eda. H\u00e1kov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e byl namalov\u00e1n u\u017e na helm\u00e1ch soldatesky „svobodn\u00e9ho sboru“ a o st\u00e1t\u011b pevn\u00e9 ruky a „t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i“ snili intelektu\u00e1lov\u00e9 „konzervativn\u00ed revoluce“, po\u010d\u00ednaje Stefanem Georgem a Ernstem Jungerem kon\u010de, u\u017e l\u00e9ta. Co chyb\u011blo, byl demagog, mu\u017e kter\u00fd by um\u011bl zmobilizovat masy a infikovat je vlastn\u00ed nen\u00e1vist\u00ed tak, aby v\u011b\u0159ili v\u0161emu, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. T\u00edm mu\u017eem se stal Hitler…“ \/Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed noviny, 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1994\/.<\/p>\n
b\/ Povaha ideologie<\/p>\n
Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 si nelibovali v abstrakci, nebyli teoretiky. Neusilovali o precizn\u00ed, racion\u00e1ln\u00ed ideologii a nez\u00e1le\u017eelo jim ani na tom, aby byla vnit\u0159n\u011b konsistentn\u00ed, soudr\u017en\u00e1, \u010di dokonce systematick\u00e1. Spokojovaii se s \u00fa\u010delov\u00fdm souhrnem nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f a p\u0159edstav, kter\u00fdm A. Hitler \u0159\u00edkal Weltanschauung.<\/p>\n
Fa\u0161ismus vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 tradice a tendence, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed\/a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch sm\u011brech i hloub\u011bji\/. Nerod\u00ed se v\u0161ak z ideologie, ale z konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb a z\u00e1jm\u016f. V z\u00e1jmu jejich prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed si vyb\u00edr\u00e1 ideov\u00e9 podn\u011bty, jim pod\u0159izuje nejen v\u00fdb\u011br, ale i uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdstavbu sv\u00e9 ideologie. Jedn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010delov\u011b. D\u016fsledn\u00fd chce b\u00fdt p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f t\u011bch, jim\u017e slou\u017e\u00ed, nikoli v ideov\u00e9 argumentaci.<\/p>\n
Iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed orientace neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee obdobn\u011b \u00fa\u010delov\u011b nen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no intelektu. rozumu, v\u011bdy a techniky, v\u010detn\u011b nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vymo\u017eenost\u00ed. K dopln\u011bn\u00ed m\u00fdtu rasy, \u010di n\u00e1roda, \u010di dokonce m\u00edsto n\u011bho, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nastolov\u00e1n m\u00fdtus nad\u010dloveka, nadan\u00e9ho fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed a disponuj\u00edc\u00edho krom\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 s\u00edly tak\u00e9 silami v\u011bdy a techniky, I takov\u00fd superman, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00fdtizovan\u00e9 v\u011bdotechniky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit v rozporu s humanisticky orientovan\u00fdmi snahami. Bude p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet a pron\u00e1sledovat spole\u010densk\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se mu nepodrob\u00edci nebudou cht\u00edt strp\u011bt jeho \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Fa\u0160ist\u00e9 nekladli d\u016fraz na formulov\u00e1n\u00ed ucelen\u00e9ho programu pro politickou stranu. Cht\u011bli rovnou vyprovokovat „lidov\u00e9“, nacion\u00e1ln\u00ed, romanticko mystick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by vedlo „\u017eivotn\u00ed boj n\u00e1roda“. „Dne\u0161n\u00ed doba je epocha velk\u00fdch osud\u016f, psal v Programu strany A. Rosenberg. Z jasn\u00e9 a horouc\u00ed v\u016fle vznikaj\u00ed uprost\u0159ed \u0159\u00edt\u00edc\u00edho se sv\u011bta mocnosti budoucnosti…Vznikaj\u00ed s p\u0159irozenou nevyhnutelnost\u00ed, v boji proti v\u0161em sil\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 byly neschopny znemo\u017enit toto z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed, vznikaj\u00ed v boji proti t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00edoto z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159ivodili“ \/A.Rosenberg, Program strany. Vyd. Hlavn\u00e9 velitelstvo Hlinkovej gardy v Bratislav\u011b, Tur\u010diansky Sv. Martin 1942, s. 61\/. Sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdlevy, prosycen\u00fdmi iracion\u00e1ln\u00edm mysticismem, cht\u011bli zap\u016fsobit na iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed pohnutky a emoce. A to se jim tak\u00e9 da\u0159ilo.<\/p>\n
Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 3. Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1443"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1443\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}