{"id":1455,"date":"2012-01-08T14:32:27","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-13\/"},"modified":"2012-01-08T14:32:27","modified_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:32:27","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (13)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

e\/ Nacionalismus a rasismus<\/p>\n

K mobilizaci mas v z\u00e1jmu sjednocen\u00ed a v\u00fdboj\u016f byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny soci\u00e1ln\u00ed motivy, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak motivy nacion\u00e1ln\u00ed. Fa\u0161ismus byl d\u011bdicem n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u0160ovinismu a expanzionismu \/pangermanismu\/. Usiloval o odvetu za por\u00e1\u017eku Vil\u00e9movsk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka v 1.sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak vych\u00e1zel vst\u0159\u00edc z\u00e1jm\u016fm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho vefkopr\u016fmyslu a finan\u010dn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu. Dovr\u0161il proces zah\u00e1jen\u00fd konzervativn\u00ed „revoluc\u00ed“, zalo\u017eenou na principu „homogenity“ n\u00e1roda a totalitn\u00ed v\u00fdstavby cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 hodn\u011b mluvili o „obrod\u011b“, znovuzrozen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti, o cti a d\u016fstojnosti n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00ed pospolitosti, o jejich blahu a velikosti. Jejich c\u00edlem byl „integr\u00e1ln\u00ed“, radik\u00e1ln\u00ed, bojovn\u00fd nacionalismus, \u0161ovinismus. S pomoc\u00ed v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed a kamar\u00e1dstv\u00ed \/Kamemeradenschaft\/ m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u00e1rod organizov\u00e1n podobn\u011b jako arm\u00e1da. Pozd\u011bji se uva\u017eovalo o uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed N\u011bmecka p\u0159\u00edmo jako opevn\u011bn\u00e9ho poln\u00edho le\u017een\u00ed \/J.C. Fest, cit.pr\u00e1ce, s. 599\/. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed \/ Volksgemeinschaft\/ m\u011blo p\u0159eklenout v\u0161echny rozd\u00edly uvnit\u0159 n\u00e1roda i v\u0161echny st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice, kter\u00e9 odd\u011bluj\u00ed N\u011bmce, a\u0165 \u017eij\u00ed kdekoli \/a\u0165 jsou spjati souvisl\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm nebo p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 ostr\u016fvky v ciz\u00edm mo\u0159i\/. V prvn\u00ed etap\u011b se m\u011bly st\u00e1t alespo\u0148 op\u011brn\u00fdmi body vlivu N\u011bmecka, pozd\u011bji d\u016fvodem pro anexi. Tyto snahy m\u011bly ospravedlnit ve\u0161ker\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed, uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 v\u00fdslovn\u011b odm\u00edtali „star\u00fd p\u0159e\u017eitek“, „sen 18,stolet\u00ed“, \u017ee „v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody vlastn\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e a \u017ee v z\u00e1sad\u011b jsou si rovny“ \/A.Rosenberg\/. Zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali, \u017ee nejsou rovn\u00e9, ale z\u00e1visl\u00e9, \u017ee jsou soupe\u0159i v boji o nadvl\u00e1du, \u017ee cht\u011bj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v\u016fl\u00ed a silou sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dky neomezen\u011b, daleko za sv\u00fdmi hranicemi. Revolu\u010dn\u00ed vlna v Evrop\u011b, podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed A.Rosenberga, probudila „zkrocen\u00e9 instinkty“ n\u00e1rod\u016f. V takov\u00e9 situaci, tvrd\u00ed Rosenberg, „jak nejl\u00e9pe u\u010d\u00ed zku\u0161enost, nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed nijak\u00e1 polovi\u010cat\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, ale pouze velmi odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady“ \/cit.Program, s. 47\/. Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek pro zemi dos\u00e1hnout postaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji „zase-u\u010din\u00ed schopnou pro spojenectv\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi mocemi“ \/Tamt\u00e9\u017e\/. Volaj\u00ed po p\u016fd\u011b a koloni\u00edch, \u017e\u00e1rliv\u011b p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed pod\u00edl zem\u011b a surovin, p\u0159ipadaj\u00edc\u00edch na m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatelstvo.<\/p>\n

Za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad formov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda jako jazykov\u00e9ho, kulturn\u00edho i biologick\u00e9ho, „pokrevn\u00edho“ spole\u010denstv\u00ed, pova\u017eoval n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus st\u0159e\u017een\u00ed a o\u010distu jeho rasov\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed, je\u017e jej p\u0159irozen\u011b p\u0159edur\u010duje k nad\u0159azenosti \u010di slu\u017eebnosti. Prvn\u00edm stupn\u011bm m\u011blo b\u00fdt odd\u011blen\u00ed ras pomoc\u00ed rasov\u00e9 segregace \/ odd\u011blen\u00ed\/, dal\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm pak ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rasy rasou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. A. Rosenberg v Programu strany p\u00ed\u0161e: „Neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00edce d\u011bjiny jako „v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj lidstva“, a\u0165 ji\u017e „v\u00fdvoj sm\u011brem k humanit\u011b“ \u010di k „pok\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f“, nebo k jakkoli p\u0159edstavovan\u00e9 „v\u0161elidsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e“. Neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1me d\u011bjiny ani jako oby\u010dejn\u00fd t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed boj, ale jako z\u00e1pas duchovn\u011b rasov\u00fdch sil s obklopuj\u00edc\u00edm je sv\u011btem a s ostatn\u00edmi rasami“ \/Cit.Program, s. li\/. Rasismus, sm\u011bs soci\u00e1ln\u00edho darwinismu a antisemitismu, n\u011bmeck\u00fd nacismus v\u00fdrazn\u011b charakterizoval. Italsk\u00fd fa\u0161ismus v\u0161ak p\u0159ijal rasistick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony sp\u00ed\u0161e z politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, v z\u00e1jmu shody s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem.<\/p>\n

Odli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed na nad\u0159azen\u00e9 a m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e9 podle biologick\u00fdch, genetick\u00fdch znak\u016f, dostalo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd impuls s kapitalistickou \u00fazemn\u00ed, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed expanz\u00ed. Imperialistick\u00e9 v\u00fdboje bylo t\u0159eba zd\u016fvodnit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm „civiliza\u010dn\u00edho posl\u00e1n\u00ed“ a prokazovat proto, \u017ee tamn\u00ed obyvatelstvo a jeho kultura je m\u00e9n\u011bcenn\u00e1. Rasist\u00e9 odli\u0161ovali n\u00e1rody podle jejich kulturn\u00ed aktivity na zakladatele kultury \/ nad\u0159azenou rasu, \u00e1r\u00edjce atd.\/, na n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny tyto ideje a vyn\u00e1lezy si osvojit \/nositele kultury\/ a na n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 vedou proti tvo\u0159iv\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm st\u00e1j\u00fd boj \/ni\u010ditele kultury\/. Podle argumentace Gobineaua \/Esej o nerovnosti lidsk\u00fdch ras, 1854\/ jsou nejtvo\u0159iv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u00edl\u00ed lid\u00e9 a v jejich p\u0159edvoji \u00e1rijci. absolutn\u011b netvo\u0159iv\u00ed jsou naopak \u017did\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Rasov\u00e9 teorie nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s v\u011bdou. Jejich nesmyslnost a \u00fa\u010delovost rasov\u00e9 argumentace se projevovala i ve sporech nacist\u016f, jak rasu nadlid\u00ed vlastn\u011b vymezit: zda do n\u00ed zahrnout severoevropany, v\u010detn\u011b obyvatel indick\u00e9ho subkontinentu \/\u00e1rijsk\u00e1 rasa\/ nebo b\u011blo\u0161sk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody severn\u00ed Evropy \/’nordick\u00e1 rasa\/, \u010di je vymezit podle kultury a st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost\u00ed \/teutonsk\u00e1, germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 rasa\/.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1455"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1455"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1455\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}