{"id":1457,"date":"2012-01-08T14:35:01","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:35:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-15\/"},"modified":"2012-01-08T14:35:01","modified_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:35:01","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-15\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (15)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

f\/ Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 a duchovn\u00ed kultura<\/p>\n

Nacistick\u00e1 propaganda byla pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e1. Byla v\u0161ak propracovan\u00e1 a v mez\u00edch, v nich\u017e se pohybovala, i umn\u00e1. Nikoli n\u00e1hodou mluv\u00ed nap\u0159. W. Kraus ve sv\u00e9 knize Kultura a moc v souvislosti s nacion\u00e1ln\u00edm socialismem o kulturn\u00edch iluz\u00edch a dokonce „p\u016fvabn\u00e9m klamu“ \/W. Kraus, Kultura a moc, 1992, s.41 an.\/.<\/p>\n

Nacist\u00e9 vyhla\u0161ovali boj „plan\u00e9mu humanismu“ v duchovn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, v\u0161em sm\u011br\u016fm, kter\u00e9 rozvracej\u00ed mor\u00e1lku, p\u016fsob\u00ed rozkladn\u011b, v rozporu s pot\u0159ebou integrovat n\u00e1rod a zajistit jeho blaho. Po\u017eadovali takov\u00fd rozvoj, takovou obnovu mor\u00e1lky, kter\u00e1 neodporuje „p\u0159irozen\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 mor\u00e1lce“ a „n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu mravn\u00edmu a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu citu“ \/A.Rosenberg, cit.Program, s.56\/.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho programu estetizace politiky a jej\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bny v nepolitickou politiku pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali mo\u017enost\u00ed kulturn\u00ed sf\u00e9ry, provokovan\u00e9 a organizovan\u00e9 „kulturn\u00ed v\u016fle“ \/kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli tu hr\u00e1l Kampfbund f\u016fr deutsche Kultur, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd A.Rosenbergem\/ p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed na v\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed, na jejich emoce. A jejich postup m\u011bl \u00fasp\u011bch, dokonce „stra\u0161liv\u00fd“, jak napsal W.Kraus \/Cit.pr\u00e1ce, s. 42\/. D\u011blali v\u0161echno pro to, aby t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echno obyvatelstvo udr\u017eovali ve stavu vzru\u0161en\u00ed a ext\u00e1ze, mezi hrou, snem, um\u011bn\u00edm a skute\u010dnost\u00ed, aby stup\u0148ovali pocit „mimo\u0159\u00e1dnosti, jedine\u010dnosti, n\u011b\u010deho, co tu je\u0161t\u011b nebylo“, n\u011b\u010deho neskute\u010dn\u00e9ho doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, aby zvr\u00e1tili psychickou depresi ve fantastickou nad\u011bji. Jak p\u00ed\u0161e E.Kraus, „nacion\u00e1ln\u00ed socialismus m\u011bl – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z po\u010d\u00e1tku – rysy obrovsk\u00e9ho festivalu po desetilet\u00edch b\u00eddy a bezradnosti. Prapory, sv\u011btlo, slunce, j\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00ed, fanf\u00e1ry a pozitivn\u00ed proz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fsobily, aran\u017eov\u00e1ny zcela v\u011bdom\u011b shora, jako apote\u00f3za z „Fid\u00e9lia““ \/Cit.pr\u00e1ce. s. 43\/.<\/p>\n

Na tyto v\u00fddaje se zprvu ne\u0161et\u0159ilo. Kultura v takov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bla v „n\u00e1rod\u011b b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f a myslitel\u016f“ proniknout v\u0161echny tk\u00e1n\u011b, p\u0159esv\u00edtit v\u0161echny temn\u00e9 kouty, struktury a nitky. Rozvinut\u00e1 aktivita strh\u00e1vala mnoh\u00e9 um\u011blce a jin\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed \u010dinitele.<\/p>\n

Velkolep\u00e1 podpora, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pocit, \u017ee tak poetick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed N\u011bmecko je\u0161t\u011b neza\u017eilo, byla kombinov\u00e1na s r\u00e1zn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kroky proti v\u0161em a v\u0161emu, co se zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm nejen „plan\u00e9ho humanismu“, ale tak\u00e9 modern\u00edch -ism\u016f jako dovr\u0161en\u00e9ho, \u00fapln\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho, duchovn\u00edho chaosu a zmatku \/od Karla Marxe, p\u0159es A. Einsteina, a\u017e po Liona Feuchtwangera a t\u0159eba Kandinsk\u00e9ho a Braqua\/. Nacisti\u010dt\u00ed ideologov\u00e9 dovedn\u011b vyu\u017eili hled\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u00fdst\u0159elk\u016f p\u0159edstavitel\u016f um\u011bleck\u00e9 moderny k tomu, aby za\u00fato\u010dili ve jm\u00e9nu „jasnosti“, „n\u00e1rodn\u00edho, zdrav\u00e9ho c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed lidu“. Nepohodln\u00e9 rysy skute\u010dnosti byly rozs\u00e1hle a dovedn\u011b podn\u011bcovan\u00fdm iluzionismem umn\u011b p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1ny. Um\u011bn\u00edm vyvolan\u00fd stav euforie pomohl p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat \u0161ok vyvolan\u00fd bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi a kone\u010dn\u00fdmi re\u00e1liemi nacistick\u00e9 politiky.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1457"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}