{"id":1458,"date":"2012-01-08T14:36:05","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-16\/"},"modified":"2012-01-08T14:36:05","modified_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:36:05","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (16)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

g\/ Fa\u0161istick\u00fd „socialismus“<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u00fd n\u00e1zev nacistick\u00e9 strany zn\u011bl N\u00e1rodn\u011b socialistick\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 d\u011blnick\u00e1 strana \/Natiqnalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – NSDAP\/. O Mussolinim je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u011b byl \u010dlenem Italsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 strany, kde mu bylo sv\u011b\u0159eno vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed stranick\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu Avante. I t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed je snaha vyu\u017e\u00edt na podporu analogi\u00ed mezi fa\u0161ismem a komunismem.<\/p>\n

Smysl vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed term\u00ednu „socialistick\u00fd“ a n\u011bkter\u00fdch tez\u00ed \u010di hesel, je\u017e socialistickou ideologii p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly, byl z\u00edskat a udr\u017eet si masovou z\u00e1kladnu, vyu\u017e\u00edt odporu malobur\u017eoazie \/st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstev\/ proti kapitalismu, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b finan\u010dn\u00ed velkobur\u017eoazii a p\u0159il\u00e1kat do sv\u00fdch \u0159ad tak\u00e9 d\u011bln\u00edky. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ohlas m\u011bla takov\u00e1 terminologie a agitace v t\u011bch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch organizac\u00edch fa\u0161istick\u00fdch stran, kde tyto vrstvy p\u0159evl\u00e1daly.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ist\u00e9 ve vztahu ke kapitalistick\u00fdm vlastn\u00edk\u016fm, n\u00e1mezdn\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm a n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu proletari\u00e1tu, rozehr\u00e1li velkolepou hru. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm smyslem nebylo oklamat bur\u017eoazii, ale d\u011blnictvo. Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee i soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouhou fikc\u00ed za situace, kdy byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena „t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed neutralita“ a vyv\u00edjen politick\u00fd tlak jak na zam\u011bstnance, d\u011bln\u00edky, roln\u00edky a \u017eivnostn\u00edky, tak na podnikatele. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee fa\u0161ist\u00e9 ode v\u0161ech a na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch po\u017eadovali tot\u00e9\u017e. Cht\u011bli, aby „podnikatel\u00e9 a d\u011bln\u00edci rozpoznali svou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, politickou a hospod\u00e1\u0159skou pospolitost“, „aby n\u00e1rodn\u011b mysl\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fmysln\u00edk, \u0159emesln\u00edk, roln\u00edk a sama masa spot\u0159ebitel\u016f vytvo\u0159ila jednotnou frontu“. P\u0159itom ov\u0161em v\u00fdslovn\u011b odm\u00edtali vid\u011bt „ve velk\u00e9m podniku jako takov\u00e9m nezdrav\u00fd jev“ \/ A. Rosenberg, cit.Program, s. 10 a d\u00e1le s.30,38,39\/. Na d\u011bln\u00edc\u00edch a v\u0161ech ob\u010danech se po\u017eadovalo, aby produktivn\u011b a tvo\u0159iv\u011b pracovali v z\u00e1jmu „n\u00e1rodn\u00edho organismu“.<\/p>\n

Rolnictvo fa\u0161ist\u00e9 oce\u0148ovali pro „rozv\u00e1\u017enost“, s n\u00ed\u017e se stav\u011blo „ke sv\u011btov\u00e9mu klamu“ \/socialismu\/. Hodlali p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k jeho „ozdraven\u00ed“, v\u010detn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed patronace nad disponov\u00e1n\u00edm s p\u016fdou. A.Rosenberg mu sliboval \/stejn\u011b jako \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016fm a st\u0159edn\u00edmu stavu v\u016fbec\/ levn\u00fd \u00fav\u011br. V\u0161em se melo dostat podle t\u00e9ho\u017e programu starobn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Podle Rosenbergova programu z \u00fanora 1920, se \u0159editel\u00e9, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci i d\u011bln\u00edci m\u011bli pod\u00edlet „v p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9m pom\u011bru na zisku“. Tak byli v\u0161ichni, v intenc\u00edch knihy Mein Kampf, v\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1ni do velk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pospolitosti.<\/p>\n

Za t\u00e9to situace nebylo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jak bylo vlastnictv\u00ed podnikatel\u016f form\u00e1ln\u011b ozna\u010deno. Bylo respektov\u00e1no fakticky. M\u011bli mo\u017enost nez\u00e1visle rozhodovat, jestli\u017ee se jejich aktivita nevymykala z fa\u0161istick\u00fdch mobiliza\u010dn\u00edch, militaristick\u00fdch, expanzivn\u00edch, \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed a odbytov\u00e9 garance byly protihodnotou, kter\u00e9 se jim dost\u00e1valo. A nemen\u0161\u00ed hodnotou byl soci\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u00edr a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 intenzita uk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly. T\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, tj. tuh\u00fdm pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm v\u016fdcovsk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu „socializovali \u010dlov\u011bka“, „socializovali“ i banky a tov\u00e1rny v tomto smyslu \/Srovnej J.C. Fest, cit.d\u00edlo, s. 594\/.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee fa\u0161ismus je protikapitalistick\u00fd a dokonce m\u00edrumilovn\u00fd, bylo jeho p\u0159\u00edznivci v zahrani\u010d\u00ed \u017eiveno. J\u00ed\u017e citovan\u00fd Celin\u011b vystihuje sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fdm vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm atmosf\u00e9ru ve st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch: „Fa\u0161istick\u00e9 st\u00e1ty necht\u011bj\u00ed v\u00e1lku, ve kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed co z\u00edskat. Mohou v n\u00ed jen v\u0161e ztratit. Kdyby m\u00edr trval je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i roky, v\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by se obr\u00e1tily k fa\u0161ismu, proto\u017ee fa\u0161ist\u00e9 uskute\u010d\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161ima o\u010dima, mezi \u00e1rijci, bez zlata, bez \u017did\u016f, bez svobodn\u00fdch zedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f onen slavn\u00fd socialistick\u00fd program, kter\u00e9ho maj\u00ed \u017eid\u00e1ci a komunisti plnou hubu a nikdy ho neuskute\u010dn\u00ed…Kdo u\u010dinil nejv\u00edce pro d\u011bln\u00edka? Stalin? Nikoli, Hitler!“ \/Cit.podle A. Sta\u0161kov\u00e9, Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed noviny, 11,srpna 1944\/.<\/p>\n

Fa\u0161ismus se ov\u0161em od p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed kapitalistick\u00e9 ideologie v jist\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e odkl\u00e1n\u011bl. Dokonce s charakteristick\u00fdm liber\u00e1ln\u00edm individualismem, kter\u00fd v jeho oc\u00edch podkop\u00e1val soudr\u017enost n\u00e1roda a rasy, ost\u0159e polemizoval. Z t\u00e9ho\u017e hlediska napadal plutokratismus, propadaj\u00edc\u00ed poklesl\u00fdm, hrub\u00fdm pohnutk\u00e1m zisku a hromad\u011bn\u00ed pen\u011bz. Je\u0161t\u011b po v\u00e1lce vyt\u00fdkal v\u016fdce Britsk\u00e9ho svazu fa\u0161ist\u016f, O.Mosley, kapitalismu, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1rod ke sv\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e \u00fa\u010delu, jen jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, hodlali dos\u00e1hnout fa\u0161ist\u00e9 n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cht\u011bli ov\u0161em vyu\u017e\u00edt „sv\u016fj“ n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l a jemu otev\u0159\u00edt nov\u00e9 prostory. Cht\u011bli soust\u0159edit co nejrychleji a co nejintenzivn\u011bji v\u0161echny kapacity na p\u0159\u00edpravu v\u00e1lky. Proto vystoupili, slovy A.Rosenberga, proti „\u017eidovsk\u00fdm velkokapitalistick\u00fdm financ\u00edm“, proti „\u017eidovsk\u00e9mu velkokapitalistick\u00e9mu sv\u011btu“. S t\u00edmto c\u00edlem budovali svou teorii zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u0161kodlivosti tzv. z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu. Podle A.Rosenberga, „na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je tvo\u0159iv\u00fd a kter\u00fd je nerozlu\u010dn\u011b spojen\u00fd s n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u016fdou, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je v\u0161ak z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l p\u0159ipoutan\u00fd k mal\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Zat\u00edmco prv\u00fd by se m\u011bl st\u00e1t rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm a panuj\u00edc\u00edm v cel\u00e9m hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, druh\u00fd kapit\u00e1l by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pouze ve slu\u017eebn\u00e9m pom\u011bru…“ \/Tamt\u00e9\u017e, s.33\/. V z\u00e1jmu p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pozitivn\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch hodnot a pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed kram\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho, mamon\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho ducha, se m\u011blo p\u0159istoupit i ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrole burz a bank. Opojn\u011b zn\u011bly p\u0159\u00edsliby v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho „zru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch bez pr\u00e1ce a n\u00e1mahy“ \/A. Rosenberg\/.<\/p>\n

Jak bylo uvedeno, p\u0159izp\u016fsobovali fa\u0161ist\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. Sou\u010dasn\u011b uml\u010dovali ve sv\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch levicov\u011bji orientovan\u00e9 \u017eivly. Nikoli bez rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 J.C. Fest, pozorovali RohmoVi hn\u011bd\u00ed pretori\u00e1ni, jak „reakce“, kapi\u00edalist\u00e9, gener\u00e1lov\u00e9, junke\u0159i, konzervativn\u00ed politikov\u00e9 vstupuj\u00ed d\u00edky Hitlerov\u011b taktice leg\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce na jejich tribuny a sv\u00fdmi fraky jejich hn\u011bd\u00e9 uniformy zatla\u010duj\u00ed. E. Rohm, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u011bl v \u0159ad\u00e1ch SA za sebou ji\u017e 3,5 a\u017e 4 miliony lid\u00ed, podn\u00edtil heslo „druh\u00e9 revoluce“. M\u011bla p\u0159in\u00e9st \u010dist\u00fd, nefal\u0161ovan\u00fd nacionalismus a socialismus. V Noci dlouh\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f \/1934\/ byl se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznivci uml\u010den. A Hitler krvav\u00fd z\u00e1krok zd\u016fvodnil: \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rod si nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit v\u011bcn\u00e1 povst\u00e1n\u00ed zdola, kdy\u017e chce obst\u00e1t p\u0159ed d\u011bjinami \/J.C. Fest, citdflo, s. 631\/.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[98,51,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}