{"id":1460,"date":"2012-01-08T14:38:24","date_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:38:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-18\/"},"modified":"2012-01-08T14:38:24","modified_gmt":"2012-01-08T13:38:24","slug":"komunismus-a-faismus-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/08\/komunismus-a-faismus-18\/","title":{"rendered":"Komunismus a fa\u0161ismus (18)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-3\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"logo\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/logo.jpg\" height=\"91\" width=\"120\" \/><strong>Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ch\/ Obecn\u00e9 a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed rysy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pouk\u00e1zali jsme ji\u017e na specifick\u00fd vztah italsk\u00e9ho fa\u0161ismu k rasistick\u00e9 ideologii. Takov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f bylo v\u00edce. Fa\u0161istick\u00e9 ideologie m\u011bly shodn\u00e9 rysy, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b byly konstruov\u00e1ny zna\u010dn\u011b \u00fa\u010delov\u011b, k bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed mobilizaci m\u00edstn\u00edho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho hnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It\u00e1lie, kter\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b z\u00e1polila s rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost\u00ed a dodnes v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi severem a jihem apeninsk\u00e9ho poloostrova nep\u0159ekonala, poskytla prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro zrod ideje siln\u00e9ho, tot\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu. St\u00e1t m\u011bl podle slov Mussoliniho vytv\u00e1\u0159et n\u00e1rod a obda\u0159it lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli pov\u011bdom\u00ed vlastn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed jednoty v\u016fl\u00ed a t\u00edm i skute\u010dnou existenc\u00ed. St\u00e1t m\u011bl umo\u017enit i modernizaci hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, industrializaci, zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed modern\u00ed technologie. Takov\u00fd postup byl pln\u011b v z\u00e1jmu italsk\u00e9 bur\u017eoazie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nic se nem\u011blo d\u00edt mimo st\u00e1t a u\u017e v\u016fbec ne proti n\u011bmu. St\u00e1t m\u011bl v\u0161echno obz\u00edrat, v\u0161em ukl\u00e1dat povinnosti, \u0159\u00eddit a vychov\u00e1vat, ka\u017ed\u00e9ho a v\u0161e, od politiky, p\u0159es mor\u00e1lku k hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed kontrolovat. K politick\u00fdm povinnostem ob\u010dan\u016f pat\u0159ilo v\u0161e, jedinec m\u011bl b\u00fdt st\u00e1tu pln\u011b a st\u00e1le pod\u0159\u00edzen, poslu\u0161en a odd\u00e1n. V\u017edy\u0165 st\u00e1t to byl, podle slov B. Mussoliniho, kdo &#8222;znovu vytvo\u0159il charakter Ital\u016f, odstranil z jejich du\u0161\u00ed ve\u0161kerou ne\u010distou strusku, zocelil je ke v\u0161em ob\u011btem a dal italsk\u00e9mu obli\u010deji jeho prav\u00fd v\u00fdraz sily a kr\u00e1sy&#8220; \/\u0158e\u010di o It\u00e1lii a fa\u0161ismu 1935, cit.podle J. Janatky, Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed noviny, 29.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1994\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jako zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b sympatick\u00e1 se italsk\u00e9 bur\u017eoazii jevila i idea korporativismu. Slibovala pod hesly hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed obrody pevnou a st\u00e1lou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonii. Odsuzovala z\u00e1padn\u00ed bur\u017eoazn\u00ed konkurenty a jejich honbu za ziskem na voln\u00e9m trhu, ale tak\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed v\u00e1lku, vy\u00fas\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1927 bylo v zemi vytvo\u0159eno 22 korporac\u00ed, spojuj\u00edc\u00edch zam\u011bstnavatele, pracovn\u00edky a vl\u00e1du. V roce 1939 vznikla komora korporac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nahradila parlament. St\u00e1t v t\u00e9to soustav\u011b svazoval podnikatele a zam\u011bstnance do jednotn\u00e9ho, organick\u00e9ho, harmonick\u00e9ho celku, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho se shodn\u00fdm duchovn\u00edm \u00fasil\u00edm o rozvoj pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, o prosazen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu a o obecn\u00e9 blaho. V tomto z\u00e1jmu orientoval a kontroloval podnikatele, varoval d\u011bln\u00edky a odrazoval je od odst\u0159ediv\u00fdch tendenc\u00ed. Ni\u010dil jejich organizace, kter\u00e9 se nep\u0159izp\u016fsobily. Svou podporu tomuto soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu souhlasu poskytl i italsk\u00fd katolicismus, se sv\u00fdm d\u016frazem na povinnost a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky \/na rozd\u00edl od evangelictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed d\u016fraz na vlastn\u00ed usilovnou pr\u00e1ci a pr\u00e1vo p\u0159isvojovat si jej\u00ed plody\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku hr\u00e1ly podobnou\u00falohu falangy, inspirovan\u00e9 Primo de Riverou. Siln\u011b se uplat\u0148oval tradicionalismus, monarchismus. Franco tu rozehr\u00e1l fa\u0161istickou teorii dvou v\u00e1lek ve specifick\u00e9 situaci boje v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a kone\u010dn\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka a It\u00e1lie i japonsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed. Da\u0159ilo se mu t\u011b\u017eit ze strategick\u00e9ho lav\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed Z\u00e1padu ve vztahu ke spojenectv\u00ed se Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, \u00ed z toho, \u017ee se Z\u00e1pad spokojil s jeho &#8222;st\u0159edomo\u0159skou neutralitou&#8220;. Z falangistick\u00fdch koncepc\u00ed postupn\u011b vycouval. Zato o to vytrvaleji ozna\u010doval svazek Z\u00e1padu se Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem za nep\u0159irozen\u00fd, ba p\u0159\u00edmo &#8222;zvr\u00e1cen\u00fd&#8220;, za svazek s &#8222;\u010f\u00e1belsk\u00fdm komunismem&#8220;. Idea &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed cesty&#8220; mezi kapitalismem a socialismem byla po v\u00e1lce intenz\u00edvn\u011b rozv\u00edjena tak\u00e9 v dal\u0161\u00edch fa\u0161istick\u00fdch re\u017eimech a hnut\u00edch \/od Perona po Mosleye\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ideologie fa\u0161ismu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}