{"id":1504,"date":"2012-01-25T15:22:39","date_gmt":"2012-01-25T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/25\/gerstnerove\/"},"modified":"2012-01-25T15:22:39","modified_gmt":"2012-01-25T14:22:39","slug":"gerstnerove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2012\/01\/25\/gerstnerove\/","title":{"rendered":"Gerstnerov\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1503\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"gerstner\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/gerstner.jpg\" width=\"120\" height=\"153\" \/><strong>Byli dva; otec Franti\u0161ek Josef a syn Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn. V na\u0161i ve\u0159ejnosti v\u0161ak je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161 otec. Byl to mu\u017e, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no na p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed vyslovovala s \u00factou cel\u00e1 civilizovan\u00e1 Evropa.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 shrnout do jedin\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku v\u0161echno, co tento syn chomutovsk\u00e9ho \u0159emesln\u00edka b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159iasedmdes\u00e1ti let sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota vykonal na poli techniky a v\u011bdy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Byl profesorem matematiky na pra\u017esk\u00e9 universit\u011b, vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm astronomem a tak\u00e9 na slovo vzat\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem v rozli\u010dn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch pr\u016fmyslu a \u0159emeslnick\u00e9 technologie. Jeho p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00edm byly zdokonaleny \u010detn\u00e9 hutnick\u00e9 a \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 metody, Gerstnerov\u00fdm organiza\u010dn\u00edm schopnostem vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed Praha za vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Polytechnick\u00f3ho \u00fastavu i za mnoh\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty na organizaci technick\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pak z m\u011bsta nad Vltavou p\u0159eb\u00edrali jinde a jin\u00ed. Byl autorem des\u00edtek v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, do nich\u017e ukl\u00e1dat nejen sv\u00e9 objevitelsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty a n\u00e1pady, ale i \u010detn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 poznatky. Jako \u0159editel ve\u0161ker\u00fdch vodn\u00edch staveb v \u010cech\u00e1ch a inspir\u00e1tor projekt\u016f \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fdch most\u016f u n\u00e1s m\u011bl takov\u00fdch poznatk\u016f nespo\u010det. A byl to pr\u00e1v\u011b F. J. Gerstner, kter\u00e9ho pov\u011b\u0159ila v roce 1806 \u201eHydrografick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v \u010cech\u00e1ch&#8220; vypracov\u00e1n\u00edm projektu, j\u00edm\u017e m\u011bla b\u00fdt spojena Vltava s Dunajem. Tehdy ji\u017e osma\u010dty\u0159icetilet\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr provedl b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f podrobn\u00e1 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159ipravil pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty a&#8230; a stavbu zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu zam\u00edtl! U\u010dinil to tak p\u00e1dn\u00fdmi argumenty, \u017ee je nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nerespektovat. Jedn\u00edm z nich pak byl i mnohem v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a re\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bt na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017en\u00e9 \u017eeleznice. Prvn\u00ed \u017eeleznice sv\u00e9ho druhu u n\u00e1s a na cel\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu. N\u00e1m\u011bt byl p\u0159ijat. F. J. Gerstner vypracoval podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh, le\u010d jeho uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1ni u\u017e jen p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eel. Trvalo toti\u017e skoro dvacet let, ne\u017e mohlo b\u00fdt se stavbou zapo\u010dato. Cel\u00fd ten \u010das musel tv\u016frce tohoto projektu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat tehdej\u0161\u00ed mocip\u00e1ny i podnikatele o u\u017eite\u010dnosti a v\u00fdhodnosti sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu. A kdy\u017e se mu to posl\u00e9ze p\u0159ece jen poda\u0159ilo, nec\u00edtil u\u017e se osma\u0161edes\u00e1titet\u00fd F. J. Gerstner dost siln\u00fd k tomu, aby mohl stavbu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u0159\u00eddit. A tehdy vstupuje na sc\u00e9nu Gerstner\u016fv syn Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn. A\u017e do t\u00e9 doby p\u016fsobil mlad\u00fd Gerstner jako pedagog na Polytechnick\u00e9m&nbsp; \u00fastavu zalo\u017een\u00e9m jeho otcem. V \u010dase sv\u00e9ho vystoupen\u00ed p\u0159ed \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed nenechal nikoho na pochyb\u00e1ch, \u017ee chce b\u00fdt d\u016fstojn\u00fdm pokra\u010dovatelem d\u00edla sv\u00e9ho velk\u00e9ho otce.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pr\u016fbojn\u00fd, energick\u00fd, hou\u017eevnat\u00fd, s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi dok\u00e1zal vybudovat \u017eeleznici z \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic do Lince b\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed let. A tak se stalo, \u017ee z\u00e1sluhou otce a syna Gerstnerov\u00fdch byla u n\u00e1s jako prvn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b uskute\u010dn\u011bna 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1827 j\u00edzda vlakem se zbo\u017e\u00edm a posl\u00e9ze i s cestuj\u00edc\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A to byl tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry in\u017een\u00fdra F. A. Gerstnera. V tom, aby dos\u00e1hl proslulosti sv\u00e9ho otce, mu zabr\u00e1nila jen p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 smrt. I tak v\u0161ak vykonal ledasco, co by nem\u011blo z\u016fstat zapomenuto. Jako stavitel prvn\u00ed na\u0161i kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017en\u00e9 \u017eeleznice p\u016fsobil na n\u00ed po n\u011bkolik let jako jej\u00ed \u0159editel. Neklidn\u00e1 krev a touha tvo\u0159it podobn\u00e9 projekty jako jeho otec p\u0159im\u011bly mlad\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra, \u017ee zanechal \u0159editelov\u00e1n\u00ed a vr\u00e1til se znova k pr\u00e1ci v Polytechnick\u00e9m \u00fastavu. Nejen jako pedagog, ale i jako velkorys\u00fd projektant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A potom se jednoho letn\u00edho dne roku 1834 vypravil do Ruska. Snad jen z vrozen\u00e9 zv\u00eddavosti, mo\u017en\u00e1 se zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011brem. T\u011b\u017eko pov\u011bd\u011bt, pravdou je, \u017ee brzy po p\u0159\u00edjezdu do Petrohradu ho porval car Mikul\u00e1\u0161 k audienci. A\u010d se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t podivn\u00e9, v\u011bd\u011bl tehdej\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dce Rusi o Gerstnerovi v\u00edc ne\u017e dost a navrhl mu, aby se ujal stavby prvn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati v Rusku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">F. A. Gerstner zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1hal, ale posl\u00e9ze nab\u00eddku p\u0159ece jen p\u0159ijal. V pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase vypracoval n\u00e1vrhy na stavbu dvou krat\u0161\u00edch trat\u00ed pro \u017eeleznici. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak u\u017e se nejednalo o kon\u011bsp\u0159e\u017en\u00ed, ale o parn\u00ed \u017eeleznici. A potom v roce 1836 za\u010dal Gerstner uskute\u010d\u0148ovat sv\u00e9 projekty. Nebylo to nikterak jednoduch\u00e9, nebo\u0165 zanedban\u00fd a nerozvinut\u00fd pr\u016fmysl tehdej\u0161\u00edho Ruska nebyl schopen poskytnout projektantovi a staviteli \u017eeleznice ani ten nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Proto musel F. A. Gerstner nejd\u0159\u00edve objet n\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, v nich\u017e uzav\u0159el skoro dvacet velk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch smluv o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch kolejnic, stroj\u016f, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed, parn\u00edch lokomotiv a dal\u0161\u00edho pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Nav\u00edc pak musel sehnat i sv\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 pomocn\u00edky. V\u011bt\u0161inu z nich z\u00edskal ze sv\u00fdch n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Polytechnick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. Skoro p\u016fldruh\u00e9 des\u00edtky jich tehdy p\u016fsobilo p\u0159i stavb\u011b \u017eeleznice Petrohrad \u2014 Carsk\u00e9 Selo. Za krajn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek dok\u00e1zali mlad\u00ed \u010de\u0161ti in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i pod Gerstnerov\u00fdm veden\u00edm ukon\u010dit stavbu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed smluven\u00fdm term\u00ednem v \u0159\u00edjnu roku 1837. Car byl spokojen a z\u00e1hy se F. A. Gerstnerovi dostalo dal\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddky, aby jako hlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr p\u016fsobil p\u0159i stavb\u011b trati Petrohrad \u2014 Moskva. Le\u010d k p\u0159ijet\u00ed t\u00e9to nab\u00eddky u\u017e nemohlo doj\u00edt, nebo\u0165 F. A. Gerstner n\u00e1hle a p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1 v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozkv\u011btu sv\u00fdch tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch sil. P\u0159e\u017eil sv\u00e9ho otce o pouh\u00fdch osm let. A snad proto je ve ve\u0159ejnosti zn\u00e1m sp\u00ed\u0161 Franti\u0161ek Josef Gerstner ne\u017e Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn. Oba v\u0161ak ud\u011blali nejen pro dobr\u00e9 jm\u00e9no Gerstner, ale i pro na\u0161i a evropskou civilizaci v\u00edc ne\u017e dost. Rozhodn\u011b tolik, aby jejich d\u00edlo nebylo zapomenuto.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>J. Gl\u00fcckselig<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Archiv NoS<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Byli dva; otec Franti\u0161ek Josef a syn Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn. V na\u0161i ve\u0159ejnosti v\u0161ak je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161 otec. Byl to mu\u017e,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[323,155,153,143,39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1504"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1504"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1504\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}