{"id":1526,"date":"2020-04-22T00:32:39","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T22:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2011\/06\/06\/ist-a-znovu-ist-lenina\/"},"modified":"2020-04-21T18:13:28","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T16:13:28","slug":"ist-a-znovu-ist-lenina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/04\/22\/ist-a-znovu-ist-lenina\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edst a znovu \u010d\u00edst Lenina"},"content":{"rendered":"

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 krizi kapitalismu, a to i kdy\u017e je \u010dlov\u011bk sv\u00e1d\u011bn p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee si nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 vzestupu krajn\u00ed pravice a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f beznad\u011bje, rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me pot\u0159ebu politick\u00e9 perspektivy – pot\u0159ebu, kter\u00e1 je tu a tam ve sv\u011bt\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena velmi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi mobilizacemi. D\u00edla a \u010diny Lenina, hlavn\u00edho myslitele revoluce, budou v tomto hled\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u010dn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Vid\u00edm v jeho prac\u00edch \u0161est tez\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si zachovaly, jak se zd\u00e1, ve\u0161kerou svou aktu\u00e1lnost.<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Revoluce je v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b v\u00e1lka.<\/p>\n

Lenin srovn\u00e1val politiku s vojensk\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm, a zd\u016fraz\u0148oval nutnost zajistit existenci organizovan\u00e9, disciplinovan\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed strany: proto\u017ee politick\u00e1 strana nen\u00ed jen rozj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed klub (v\u016fdci francouzsk\u00e9 Socialistick\u00e9 strany: d\u011bkuji v\u00e1m za ten v\u00fdjev!).<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> Pro Lenina, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ed n\u00edm pro Marxe, je politick\u00e1 revoluce tak\u00e9, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluc\u00ed, tj. zm\u011bnou statutu t\u0159\u00edd, do kter\u00fdch je spole\u010dnost rozd\u011blen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je v\u017edy vhodn\u00e9 se t\u00e1zat po skute\u010dn\u00e9 povaze st\u00e1tu, „republiky.“ Tak krize na podzim roku 2008 jasn\u011b prok\u00e1zala, jak mohly b\u00fdt ve vedouc\u00edch centrech kapitalismu pou\u017eity st\u00e1tn\u00ed a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pen\u00edze k slu\u017eb\u011b z\u00e1jm\u016fm bank a hrstky privilegovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed. St\u00e1t, jin\u00fdmi slovy, zajist\u00e9 nen\u00ed „nad t\u0159\u00eddami“.<\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> Revoluce je s\u00e9ri\u00ed bitev, a je na avantgardn\u00ed stran\u011b, aby v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi boje p\u0159izp\u016fsobovala slogany a hesla situaci a jej\u00edm mo\u017enostem.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee to nen\u00ed ani n\u00e1lada p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na „lidu“, ani „m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed“, \u00fadajn\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny takov\u00e1 hesla vypracovat. Kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159i vyvrcholen\u00ed \u0159ady dn\u016f demonstrac\u00ed 3 miliony lid\u00ed v ulic\u00edch (co\u017e se stalo ve Francii na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2009), je t\u0159eba nab\u00eddnout jim jinou perspektivu ne\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed mezi odborov\u00fdmi v\u016fdci. Jinak se hnut\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1, a odrazuje ty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dekali marn\u011b na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 povahy c\u00edl\u016f a zp\u016fsobu, jak jich dos\u00e1hnout…<\/p>\n

4.<\/strong> Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my \u017eivota lid\u00ed jsou v\u017edy \u0159e\u0161eny silou, zd\u016fraznil tak\u00e9 Lenin.<\/p>\n

„S\u00edla“ ale zdaleka neznamen\u00e1 nezbytn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed nebo krvavou represi proti druh\u00e9 stran\u011b! Kdy\u017e se miliony lid\u00ed rozhodly shrom\u00e1\u017edit na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Tahrir ve st\u0159edu K\u00e1hiry, a uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee nic je nedonut\u00ed ustoupit tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00e9 moci, jedn\u00e1 se zcela o v\u011bc s\u00edly. Podle Lenina je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlit iluze parlamentn\u00edho a volebn\u00edho kret\u00e9nismu vedouc\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad k situaci, v n\u00ed\u017e se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve Francii (a stejn\u011b tak i v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, pozn. p\u0159ekl.) nach\u00e1z\u00edme: „Levice“ t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 pro volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b, od nich\u017e masy ob\u010dan\u016f opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b neo\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic.<\/p>\n

5.<\/strong> Revolucion\u00e1\u0159i nesm\u011bj\u00ed opovrhovat bojem a uspokojovat se reformami.<\/p>\n

Lenin si byl ur\u010dit\u011b v\u011bdom, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdob\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt dan\u00e9 reformy do\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00fastupkem \u010di v\u011bji\u010dkou z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvanou vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou jako n\u00e1stroj k usp\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bch, kdo se proti n\u00ed stav\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee reforma je (resp. by m\u011bla b\u00fdt) p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b novou p\u00e1kou pou\u017e\u00edvanou ve sm\u011bru, j\u00edm\u017e m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed boj.<\/p>\n

6<\/strong>. A kone\u010dn\u011b, od po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed politika za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tehdy a tam, kde jsou zapojeny svoj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed miliony \u010di des\u00edtky milion\u016f lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i formulov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u0161esti tez\u00ed Lenin p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee revolu\u010dn\u00ed situace budou m\u00edt tendenci vyv\u00edjet se ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di polokoloni\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1visl\u00fdch zem\u00edch. A skute\u010dn\u011b, od \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluce v roce 1949 do vlny z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed d\u011bjiny tento p\u0159edpoklad \u0161iroce potvrdily.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce \u0159e\u010deno, je t\u0159eba \u010d\u00edst Lenina, zejm\u00e9na po povodni zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 „koncem re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho socialismu.“ \u010c\u00edst a znovu \u010d\u00edst Lenina op\u011bt a znovu, abychom byli schopni l\u00e9pe stav\u011bt budoucnost!<\/p>\n

Jean Salem, profesor filosofie na Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne. Je autorem knihy „L\u00e9nine et la r\u00e9volution“, vydan\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00edm Encre marine v roce 2006. <\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: l’Humanite: Lire et relire L\u00e9nine, pour pr\u00e9parer l’avenir., 6. kv\u011btna 2011<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Lenin, V.I.: * 22. dubna 1870 v Simbirsku (dnes Uljanovsk) \u2013 + 21. ledna 1924 Gorki u Moskvy<\/em><\/p>\n

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V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 krizi kapitalismu, a to i kdy\u017e je \u010dlov\u011bk sv\u00e1d\u011bn p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee si nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 vzestupu krajn\u00ed pravice a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[106,94,13],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1526"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2938,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions\/2938"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}