{"id":1658,"date":"2020-11-04T00:03:11","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T23:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2011\/11\/30\/ke-sporm-o-djinne-misto-28-ijna-1918\/"},"modified":"2020-11-03T19:53:30","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T18:53:30","slug":"ke-sporm-o-djinne-misto-28-ijna-1918","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/11\/04\/ke-sporm-o-djinne-misto-28-ijna-1918\/","title":{"rendered":"Ke spor\u016fm o d\u011bjinn\u00e9 m\u00edsto 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918"},"content":{"rendered":"

V souladu s v\u00fdraznou v\u011bt\u0161inou politicky anga\u017eovan\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti zast\u00e1vali p\u0159edn\u00ed historikov\u00e9 prvn\u00edho odboje a zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le n\u00e1zor, \u017ee formov\u00e1ni \u010ceskoslovenska v \u0159\u00edjnu 1918 p\u0159edstavuje pokrokov\u00fd d\u011bjinn\u00fd proces v mnoha podstatn\u00fdch ohledech.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ov\u0161em, t\u00e9\u017e pod vlivem trpk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch a pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech, n\u00e1rodn\u00edch a st\u00e1tn\u00edch proher, ba katastrof, nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed mezi historiky, politiky, politology, publicisty pudu a rostouc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd ohlas apodiktick\u00e9 soudy, je\u017e hledaj\u00ed a domn\u00edvaj\u00ed se, \u017ee nalezly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed determinantu na\u0161ich neblah\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch a st\u00e1tn\u00edch osud\u016f v destrukci Rakouska a formov\u00e1ni \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky. Nejen v historizuj\u00edc\u00ed publicistice, n\u00fdbr\u017e i v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch, hojn\u00e9 po l\u00e9ta frekventovan\u00fdch u\u010debnic typu \u201eD\u011bjiny zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9“ doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke glorifikaci Rakouska – Uherska (balan\u010dn\u00ed mezivelmocensk\u00fd faktor; nejdemokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed re\u017eim na\u0161ich d\u011bjin; ochr\u00e1nce pr\u00e1v n\u00e1rod\u016f mnohon\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e aj.). Naopak, p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 odboje, zejm\u00e9na E. Bene\u0161, ale i T.G. Masaryk a dal\u0161\u00ed jsou charakterizov\u00e1ni sp\u00ed\u0161e jako negativn\u00ed d\u011bjinn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i, ba jako p\u0159edn\u00ed vin\u00edci \u201ebalkanizace“ Evropy, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vypuknuti zk\u00e1zonosn\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd i pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd katastrofick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj Evropy i sv\u011bta, K tomu v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159istupuje i hojn\u00e9 frekventovan\u00e1 teze o Rakousku – Uhersku, jako\u017eto o v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m p\u0159edstupni soudob\u00e9 integruj\u00edc\u00ed se Evropy, vzoru hodn\u00e9ho n\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni! K pln\u00e9mu souhlasu s texty politologa ing. D. Plichty a doc. PhDr. J. Rataje, CSc., p\u0159ipojuji tuto – nutn\u00e9 jen stru\u010dnou – polemickou sta\u0165 proti \u010detn\u00fdm zpochyb\u0148ovatel\u016fm smyslu protirakousk\u00e9ho odboje i odboje protinacistick\u00e9ho, nekomunistick\u00e9ho i komunistick\u00e9ho, v r\u00e1mc\u00edch antinacistick\u00e9 koalice v \u010dele s anglo-sov\u011btskou-americkou \u201evelkou trojkou“.<\/p>\n

Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed i vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdvoj Rakouska, zejm\u00e9na v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed a\u017e do vyvol\u00e1ni sv\u011btov\u011b v\u00e1lky \u00fatokem na mal\u00e9 Srbsko, p\u0159edstavoval tot\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u0161lap\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ide\u00e1l\u016f, z nich\u017e se zrodilo v 16. stolet\u00ed: b\u00fdt nejprve protitureckou hr\u00e1z\u00ed Evropy a pozd\u011bji balan\u010dnim mocensk\u00fdm faktorem mezi N\u011bmeckem a Ruskem. Na cest\u011b k \u201ehodin\u011b dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9“, k pln\u00e9mu rozkladu monarchie, vid\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed mezn\u00edky; v zahrani\u010dn\u011b politick\u00e9 oblasti smluvn\u011b zakotven\u00e9 p\u0159imknut\u00ed se k mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu N\u011bmecku, usiluj\u00edc\u00edmu o sv\u011btovl\u00e1du, jako\u017e i neschopnost vyman\u00e9vrovat se v\u010das z prohran\u00e9 v\u00e1lky separ\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u00edrem s Dohodou, V oblasti vnit\u0159n\u00edho v\u00fdvoje zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm‘<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 V\u00fdrazn\u00e9,\u00a0 snad a\u017e 150 let\u00e9 opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed kapitalistick\u00e9ho, rann\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje\u00a0 za Anglii, Holandskem, Skandin\u00e1vi\u00ed, severn\u00edm a st\u0159edn\u00edm N\u011bmeckem, \u201egalikanistickou“ katolickou Franci\u00ed, Belgi\u00ed, \u0160v\u00fdcarskem, tak\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku b\u011blohorsk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blsko – katolick\u00e9 habsbursk\u00e9 protireformace;
\n– Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se nezdary \u00fasil\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch politick\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f mal\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f o formov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnopr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rakousk\u00e9 federace. Trvaj\u00edc\u00ed, ba prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se hegemonie N\u011bmc\u016f v P\u0159edlitavsku , Ma\u010far\u016f v Zalitavsku;
\n– Smutn\u00fd fakt opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, nedokonal\u00e9, tlakem zcela obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vynucen\u00e9 demokratizace (v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zavedeno a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed);
\n– Neschopnost, nev\u016fle mocensky i ekonomicky nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed bur\u017eoazie vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s feud\u00e1ln\u00edmi, polofeud\u00e1ln\u00edmi a bigotn\u011b klerik\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159e\u017eitky;<\/p>\n

Rostouc\u00ed mocensko – politick\u00fd vliv byrokratick\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu, r\u016fzn\u00fdch mimoparlamentn\u00edch klik a uskupen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na arm\u00e1dn\u00edch \u0161pi\u010dek. Na t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladech se rozv\u00edjel proces, vedouc\u00ed k p\u00e1du, rozkladu monarchie, od mo\u017enosti k pravd\u011bpodobnosti, nevyhnutelnosti, k faktu.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto oblastech byla \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 republika negac\u00ed Rakouska -Uherska, by\u0165 zdaleka ne ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, d\u016fslednou a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nutno vyzvednout, \u017ee parlamentn\u011b demokratick\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensko bylo v st\u0159edn\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b v mezidob\u00ed obou v\u00e1lek jedinou zem\u00ed, kde nedo\u0161lo k n\u00e1siln\u00fdm, mnohdy krvav\u00fdm, pu\u010distick\u00fdm nastolen\u00edm fa\u0161istick\u00fdch a polofa\u0161istick\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f! \u010ceskoslovensko sice neprom\u00e9n\u011bno ve federaci, av\u0161ak syst\u00e9m pom\u011brn\u00e9ho zastoupeni umo\u017enil \u00fa\u010dinnou obranu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a vylou\u010dil \u00fatlak men\u0161in! Propaganda SdP sice o n\u011bm hodn\u011b hlasit\u00e9 pok\u0159ikovala, ale drtivou podporu \u010ds. N\u011bmc\u016f z\u00edskala SdP p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm poukazem na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho posti\u017eeni N\u011bmc\u016f, ne\u017e \u010cech\u016f hospod\u00e1\u0159skou kriz\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tkem t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let. To na rozd\u00edl od ji\u017e nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, kde krize dozn\u00edvala…<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed republika zaji\u0161\u0165ovala, mj. pozemkovou reformou, zru\u0161en\u00edm c\u00edrkevn\u00edch i \u0161lechtick\u00fdch privilegi\u00ed a mnoh\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm (mj. i zrovnopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm c\u00edrkvi) z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 likvidov\u00e1n\u00ed – za Rakouska p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch – feud\u00e1ln\u00edch rezidui. V t\u00e9 souvislosti n\u011bkter\u00e9 akty soudob\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, zejm\u00e9na majetkov\u00e9 restituce jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny ne pouze proti minul\u00e9mu re\u017eimu, n\u00fdbr\u017e, \u017eel, i proti demokratizuj\u00edc\u00edmu re\u017eimu prvorepublikov\u00e9mu. To v rozporu s p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm, n\u011bkdy i s platn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem…<\/p>\n

Formov\u00e1n\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky umo\u017enilo zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u010farizaci Slov\u00e1k\u016f a dalo rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed impuls k v\u0161estrann\u00e9mu n\u00e1stupu, rozvinuti slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozeni.<\/p>\n

Podle pl\u00e1n\u016f rakousko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 reprezentace z Velikonoc 1915 m\u011bl b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edch mocnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1rod tot\u00e1ln\u011b germanizov\u00e1n, tedy likvidov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Podruh\u00e9 tomu tak m\u011blo b\u00fdt po skon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, pro nacismus v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9. T\u00e9 prvn\u00ed genocid\u011b zabr\u00e1nilo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Dohody, na n\u011bm\u017e participovaly \u010ds. legie, t\u00e9 druh\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed antinacistick\u00e9 koalice s velev\u00fdznamnou \u00fa\u010dasti SSSR a s participac\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho a slovensk\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho a zahrani\u010dn\u00edho odboje na z\u00e1padn\u00ed, africk\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na pak v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b. Tradice 28. \u0159\u00edjna se takto nerozlu\u010dn\u00e9 prol\u00edn\u00e1 s tradici dvou odboj\u016f – 1914-1918 a 1939-1945. jejich\u017e smyslem a dosa\u017een\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo zabr\u00e1nit genocid\u011b obou bratrsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, \u010desk\u00e9ho a slovensk\u00e9ho a zabezpe\u010dit nez\u00e1vislost a prosperitu, pokud mo\u017eno v m\u00edrov\u00fdch, demokratick\u00fdch, n\u00e1rodn\u011b i soci\u00e1ln\u011b pro v\u0161echny vrstvy (\u010di t\u0159\u00eddy) \u00fanosn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Pokud by v tot\u00e1ln\u00edm rozporu s d\u011bjinnou logikou – bylo Rakousko i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dohodov\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a jeho p\u0159\u00edklonu k n\u00ed zachov\u00e1no, tvo\u0159ili by je pouze N\u011bmci, Ma\u010fa\u0159i, \u010ce\u0161i, zbytky Slov\u00e1k\u016f; v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1rody by se stejn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojily ke sv\u00fdm ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u201ePiemont\u016fm“ (It\u00e1lie, Jugosl\u00e1vie, Rumunsko). P\u0159i obnoven\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 p\u0159evaze ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b by se \u010ce\u0161i nikdy nemohli t\u011b\u0161it n\u011bjak\u00e9mu v\u00fdsadn\u00edmu postaveni, jak ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch bez d\u016fkaz\u016f \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 fantaz\u00edrovali kup\u0159. z trojice podivn\u00fdch \u201epodiven\u016f“ pr\u00e1vn\u00edk Petr Pithart a l\u00e9ka\u0159 Petr P\u0159\u00edhoda. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed to signat\u00e1\u0159i \u201eSm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed 95″, serviln\u00edho v\u016f\u010di sudeton\u011bmeck\u00e9mu landsman\u0161aftu. V n\u011bjak\u00e9 druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce by se o osudu Evropy i sv\u011bta rozhodovalo (jak tomu i bylo!) na boji\u0161t\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b. T\u00e9\u017e s \u010desko-rakouskou potravou pro d\u011bla.<\/p>\n

\n

Doc. PhDr. Lubo\u0161 Kohout, CSc.
\n(Praha, b\u0159ezen 2007}<\/p>\n

\n

Tom\u00e1\u0161 G. Masaryk se zaslou\u017eil o st\u00e1t. (7.3.1850 – 14.9.1937}<\/p>\n

Z poselstv\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edmu shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bni p\u0159ednesen\u00e9 T.G. Masarykem dne 20.12.1918:<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u011b\u0159\u00edm i j\u00e1 Bohu, \u017ee po p\u0159ejit\u00ed vich\u0159ic hn\u011bvu, h\u0159\u00edchy na\u0161imi na hlavy na\u0161e uvalen\u00e9ho, vl\u00e1da v\u011bc\u00ed Tv\u00fdch k Tob\u011b zase se navr\u00e1t\u00ed, \u00f3 lide \u010desk\u00fd, a pro tuto nad\u011bji Tebe d\u011bdicem \u010din\u00edm v\u0161eho toho, co jsem kol) po p\u0159edc\u00edch sv\u00fdch byla zd\u011bdila a p\u0159es t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a nesnadn\u00e9 \u010dasy p\u0159echovala, n\u00fdbr\u017e i v \u010demkoli dobr\u00e9m skrze pr\u00e1ci syn\u016f m\u00fdch a po\u017eehn\u00e1ni Bo\u017ei, rozhojn\u011bn\u00ed jsem p\u0159ijala, to v\u0161ecko Tob\u011b odkazuji“,..<\/p>\n

Proroctv\u00ed – modlitba Komensk\u00e9ho vyplnila se doslova; n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod je svobodn\u00fd a nez\u00e1visl\u00fd a vstupuje v\u00e1\u017een a podep\u0159en v\u0161eobecnou sympatii do spole\u010dnosti n\u00e1rod\u016f. …My, \u010cechov\u00e9 a Slov\u00e1ci, nemohli jsme v tomto sv\u011btov\u00e9m boji st\u00e1t stranou…<\/p>\n

Vybudov\u00e1ni na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu a jeho udr\u017eeni proti n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu n\u00e1poru na v\u00fdchod, na\u0161e reformace a jej\u00ed ide\u00e1ly, na\u0161e utrp\u011bni protireforma\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 Habsburky, zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 hmotn\u011b c\u00edle, a na\u0161e probuzen\u00ed, veden\u00e9 ideou humanity, a vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z n\u00ed demokracie – osud na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda p\u0159\u00edmo logicky je spjat se Z\u00e1padem, a jeho modern\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n

Bismarck \u0159ekl. \u017ee ten, kdo je p\u00e1nem Cech, je p\u00e1nem Evropy. Ozna\u010dil takto sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 postaveni na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda. Jsme nejz\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slovansk\u00e1 v\u011btev ve st\u0159edu Evropy a odolali jsme pon\u011bm\u010dovac\u00edmu n\u00e1poru N\u011bmc\u016f na v\u00fdchod Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed umo\u017enila n\u00e1m na\u0161e n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hou\u017eevnatost a k tomu zem\u011b od p\u0159\u00edrody bohat\u00e1. Na\u0161e v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je tak\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm ostatn\u00edch mal\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, ohro\u017een\u00fdch Rakouskem a N\u011bmeckem. Sv\u011btov\u00e9 i na\u0161e pom\u011bry vy\u017eaduji pronikav\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy; demokratick\u00e1 rovnost vylu\u010duje v\u0161elik\u00e9 vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, panstv\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 ob\u011bti na \u017eivotech a statc\u00edch nevy\u0161ly nadarmo. Dos\u00e1hli jsme sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. Te\u010f se vynasna\u017e\u00edme, abychom si ho nav\u017edy zabezpe\u010dili…“<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V souladu s v\u00fdraznou v\u011bt\u0161inou politicky anga\u017eovan\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti zast\u00e1vali p\u0159edn\u00ed historikov\u00e9 prvn\u00edho odboje a zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le n\u00e1zor, \u017ee formov\u00e1ni \u010ceskoslovenska<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[329,266,365,66,336],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1658"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1658"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3207,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1658\/revisions\/3207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}