{"id":1665,"date":"2020-08-02T00:22:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-01T22:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/07\/11\/vrahove-panlska-a-jejich-pomahai-3\/"},"modified":"2020-07-27T22:50:38","modified_gmt":"2020-07-27T20:50:38","slug":"vrahove-panlska-a-jejich-pomahai-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/08\/02\/vrahove-panlska-a-jejich-pomahai-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Vrahov\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blska a jejich pomaha\u010di (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>18. \u010dervence 1936 vypukla ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka ve \u0160pan\u011blsku<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Evropsk\u00fd fa\u0161ismus byl hrotem o\u0161t\u011bpu nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho proti \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9mu lidu. O\u0161t\u011bp s\u00e1m v\u0161ak t\u0159\u00edmal v ruce mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm anglick\u00e1 a francouzsk\u00e1 velkobur\u017eoazie. Ale nem\u00e9n\u011b podlou a bohu\u017eel \u00fa\u010dinnou \u00falohu sehr\u00e1l imperialismus USA, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem \u2014 a tento d\u00edl nebyl mal\u00fd \u2014 p\u0159isp\u011bl k tomu, \u017ee fa\u0161ist\u00e9 zardousili \u0161pan\u011blskou republiku. Washingtonsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee ve Frankov\u011b, Hitlerov\u011b a Mussoliniho v\u00e1lce z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed, a nezasedala v neinterven\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdboru. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sv\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o neutralit\u011b poru\u0161ily a na cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e podporovaly fa\u0161istickou vzpouru. Frank\u016fv dlouholet\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed a \u0161vagr Su\u0148er s\u00e1m vyl\u00ed\u010dil, jak \u201eStandard Oil z\u00e1sobovala (Frankovo \u2014 A. N.) vojsko neomezen\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm pohonn\u00fdch hmot.&#8220; (23) To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee fa\u0161istick\u00fdm pu\u010dist\u016fm a jejich v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu letectvu dod\u00e1val rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pohonn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naftov\u00fd trast sv\u011bta, jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00fd vliv na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku USA je z d\u011bjin notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Frankovo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed podporoval celou svou vahou i Morgan\u016fv obrovsk\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed telefonn\u00ed a telegrafn\u00ed trast (International Telephone and Telegraph Company), kter\u00fd za v\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 republiky a Hitlerovy \u0159\u00ed\u0161e spolkl v\u011bt\u0161inu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f na v\u00fdrobu telefonn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kter\u00fd dodnes vl\u00e1dne v z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku a v Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b). V tut\u00e9\u017e dobu, kdy pronikl do N\u011bmecka, v polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let anektoval celou telefonn\u00ed a telegrafn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 monarchie. Chyt\u0159e jmenoval hlavn\u00edm tajemn\u00edkem \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed americk\u00e9ho trastu syna ministersk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsedy a dikt\u00e1tora Prima de Rivery a platil mu p\u0159\u00edmo kr\u00e1lovskou apan\u00e1\u017e. Jde o t\u00e9ho\u017e Primo de Riveru, kter\u00fd po svr\u017een\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 monarchie zalo\u017eil fa\u0161istickou organizaci Falangu, je\u017e m\u011bla pozd\u011bji pro Franka podobn\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako nacistick\u00e1 strana pro Hitlera.<br \/>\nKdy\u017e bur\u017eoazn\u00ed republika uva\u017eovala o n\u011bkolika opatrn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch proti Morganovu trastu, vyhro\u017eoval j\u00ed Washington p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm diplomatick\u00fdch styk\u016f, nebo\u0165 cht\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit jak\u00e9koli n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kontrole t\u00e9to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed investice americk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. (29)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry vl\u00e1dci tohoto trastu disponuj\u00edc\u00edho kapit\u00e1lem ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2,5 miliardy dolar\u016f t\u00e1hli s evropsk\u00fdm fa\u0161ismem za jeden provaz, to dokazuj\u00ed op\u011btovan\u00e9 projevy sympatie k Hitlerovi a Frankovi, kter\u00e9 pronesl p\u0159edseda dozor\u010d\u00ed rady Sosthenes Behn. Z\u00fa\u010dastnil se norimbersk\u00fdch sjezd\u016f nacistick\u00e9 strany a n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t byl p\u0159ijat Hitlerem, kter\u00e9mu vypr\u00e1v\u011bl, \u017ee z mrakodrapu telefonn\u00edho trastu (ve \u0160pan\u011blsku se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eCompania Telefonica Nacion\u00e1l (!) Espa\u0148ola) s\u00e1m pozoroval pr\u016fb\u011bh bitvy o Madrid a \u201eve slavnostn\u00ed s\u00edni u\u017e dal p\u0159ipravit tabuli k Frankovu p\u0159ijet\u00ed, kdy\u017e se neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm odporem rud\u00fdch dobyt\u00ed Madridu je\u0161t\u011b zdr\u017eelo&#8220;. (30)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zd\u016fraz\u0148ovat, \u017ee Morgan\u016fv mamut\u00ed trast se ve sv\u00e9 podpo\u0159e neomezoval jen na p\u0159\u00edpravu slavnostn\u00ed recepce pro Franka. Frankovi stranily v\u0161echny sm\u011brodatn\u00e9 koncerny finan\u010dn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu USA. \u201eAmerick\u00fd svaz pro nacionalistick\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsko&#8220; mohl ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech rozpoutat bou\u0159livou propaga\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148 pro Franka, proto\u017ee ho financoval jak hlavn\u00ed chemick\u00fd trast, tak i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed automobilov\u00fd trast USA, tedy Du Pont a General Motors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Claude G. Bowers, velvyslanec USA ve \u0160pan\u011blsku v osudov\u00fdch letech 1933\u20141939, sv\u011bdek, kter\u00e9ho jist\u00e9 nelze podez\u00edrat z p\u0159edpojatosti, sd\u011bluje, \u017ee sv\u00e9ho nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho, ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Cordella Hulla, op\u011btovn\u011b upozor\u0148oval, \u201e\u017ee v\u00fdbor pro nevm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch demokraci\u00ed a na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed embargo mohutn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k triumfu Osy (Berl\u00edn\u2014\u0158\u00edm \u2014 A. N.) nad demokraci\u00ed ve \u0160pan\u011blsku&#8220;. (31)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed ministr Hul\u00ed a jeho n\u00e1m\u011bstkov\u00e9 velvyslanci Bowersovi v\u016fbec neodpov\u011bd\u011bli, proto\u017ee ti p\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u2014 stejn\u011b jako velvyslanci USA v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a Lond\u00fdn\u011b Bullit a Kennedy (nesm\u00edrn\u011b bohat\u00fd \u0159editel p\u0159edstavenstva newyorsk\u00e9 burzy, otec pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho presidenta USA) \u2014 horliv\u011b sp\u0159\u00e1dali intriky, aby napomohli v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho, n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho a italsk\u00e9ho fa\u0161ismu. Aby u\u010dinily v\u00edc, ne\u017e je t\u0159eba, USA, kter\u00e9 spolu s Franci\u00ed a Angli\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bly ostrou blok\u00e1du z\u00e1konit\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 republiky, bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo, nebo p\u0159es z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zas\u00edlaly Frakov\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed, je\u017e posilovaly moc fa\u0161istick\u00e9ho vzbou\u0159ence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V tomto rdousiv\u00e9m objet\u00ed obou evropsk\u00fdch fa\u0161istick\u00fdch dikt\u00e1tor\u016f a t\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch imperialistick\u00fdch velmoc\u00ed se zadusila a vykrv\u00e1cela \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 republika, kterou si p\u0159\u00e1l a zvolil lid. Stv\u016fra Hitlerova a Mussoliniho se stala fa\u0161istick\u00fdm dikt\u00e1torem \u0160pan\u011blska, kter\u00e9mu \u201edemokratick\u00fd&#8220; americk\u00fd sen\u00e1t a \u201edemokratick\u00e1&#8220; Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f v srpnu 1950 povolily velk\u00fd \u00fav\u011br, a\u010dkoli, nebo l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno, proto\u017ee Franco postavil mimo z\u00e1kon v\u0161echny d\u011blnick\u00e9 strany a odbory, a dokonce i m\u011b\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e9 demokraty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pozn.:<br \/>\n<em>11 Podle v\u00fdpov\u011bdi gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edka Bamlera, Canarisova bezprost\u0159edn\u00edho pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho, uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise \u201eNeue Zeit&#8220;, Moskva, \u010d\u00eds. 13, 1. \u010dervence 1946, p\u0159\u00edloha<\/em><br \/>\n<em>12 Gener\u00e1l, pozd\u011bji gener\u00e1l poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Sperrle ve \u201eWir kampften in Spanien&#8220;. Zvi. se\u0161it org\u00e1nu vrchn\u00edho velitelstv\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 brann\u00e9 moci \u201eDie Wehrmacht&#8220;, 1939<\/em><br \/>\n<em>13 tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/em><br \/>\n<em>14 tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/em><br \/>\n<em>15 Plukovn\u00edk svobodn\u00fd p\u00e1n von Funck, tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/em><br \/>\n<em>16 Major n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Meyer, tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/em><br \/>\n<em>17 Hitler\u016fv projev ve Wiirzburku dne 27. \u010dervna 1937, citov\u00e1n podle knihy: A. G. London: Prolog f\u016fr ein neues Spanien, Berlin 1966, str. 149<\/em><br \/>\n<em>18 Rundschau uber Politik, Wirtschaft und Arbeitsbewegung (Ba-sel), ro\u010d. 1938, \u010d\u00eds. 36<\/em><br \/>\n<em>19 Diplomat auf heissem Boden. Tagebuch des USA-Botschafters William E. Dodd in Berlin 1933\u20141938, Berlin (1961), str. 412, 413, 414 a 380<\/em><br \/>\n<em>20 Geschichte der\u00a0 Diplomatie,\u00a0\u00a0 sv.\u00a0\u00a0 III,\u00a0\u00a0 Moskva\u00a0\u00a0 1947,\u00a0\u00a0 str.\u00a0\u00a0 663 21 Izv\u011bstija (Moskva), 23. \u0159\u00edjen 1936<\/em><br \/>\n<em>23 Izv\u011bstija (Moskva),\u00a0 30. \u0159\u00edjna 1936<\/em><br \/>\n<em>23 Gener\u00e1l Duval, Entwicklung und Lehren des Krieges In Spanien, s p\u0159edmluvou gener\u00e1la Weyganda, Berlin 1938, str. 9, 10<\/em><br \/>\n<em>24 Diplomat auf he\u00edssem Boden, str. 424\/425. \u2014 Eden ostatn\u011b prohl\u00e1sil v l\u00e9t\u011b 1937 v rozhovoru s francouzsk\u00fdm ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed Delbosem, \u201e\u017ee by mu bylo milej\u0161\u00ed, kdyby zv\u00edt\u011bzil Franco&#8220; (citov\u00e1no v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed washingtonsk\u00e9 publikaci \u201eDiplomatic Papers 1937&#8243;)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>25 tamt\u00e9\u017e, str. 463<\/em><br \/>\n<em>26 Rio Tinto se dnes jmenuje Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation a udr\u017euje i po t\u0159iceti letech tradi\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s Metallgesellschaft AG<\/em><br \/>\n<em>27 Historie t\u00e9to Kruppovy spolu\u00fa\u010dasti odhaluje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou vlastizradu. P\u0159ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou, kdy\u017e u\u017e nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi N\u011bmeckem a Angli\u00ed dos\u00e1hlo vrcholu, prodal Krupp firm\u011b Vickers &amp; Armstrong nov\u00fd patent zapalova\u010de pro ru\u010dn\u00ed gran\u00e1ty. Kdy\u017e v\u00e1lka skon\u010dila, podal Krupp \u017ealobu na britskou firmu a \u017e\u00e1dal l \u0161ilink za ka\u017ed\u00fd ru\u010dn\u00ed gran\u00e1t pou\u017eit\u00fd Angli\u010dany na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b. \u017daloba zn\u011bla na 6150 000 liber \u0161terlink\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky bylo v letech 1914\u20141918 vr\u017eeno 123 mili\u00f3n\u016f ru\u010dn\u00edch gran\u00e1t\u016f uveden\u00e9ho typu a \u017ee d\u00edky Kruppovi byly statis\u00edce n\u011bmeck\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f zran\u011bny, zmrza\u010deny nebo usmrceny. Odm\u011bnou za sv\u016fj stra\u0161liv\u00fd zlo\u010din sp\u00e1chan\u00fd na N\u011bmecku dostal Krupp od trastu Vickers &amp; Armstrong \u00fa\u010dast v jej\u00edch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch v Mieres. Tato skute\u010dnost, kterou n\u011bmeck\u00fd d\u011blov\u00fd kr\u00e1l nikdy nepop\u0159el, byla naposledy potvrzena v knize zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho anglick\u00e9ho politika Fennera Brockwayho \u201eDeath pays a Dividend&#8220; (\u201eSmrt plat\u00ed dividendy&#8220;), London 1944, str. 24n.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>28 R. S. Su\u0148er, Zwischen Hendaye und Gibraltar, Zurich 1938, str. 78<\/em><br \/>\n<em>29 O tom ve spisech zahrani\u010dn\u00edho ministerstva \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy najdeme ob\u0161\u00edrn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho velvyslanectv\u00ed v Madridu z let 1924\u20141932. Jsou ulo\u017eeny v N\u011bmeck\u00e9m \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm archivu (DZA) N\u011bmeck\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republiky<\/em><br \/>\n<em>30 Hlavn\u00ed Hitler\u016fv tlumo\u010dn\u00edk dr. P. Schmidt, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159\u00edtomen rozhovoru, o tom p\u00ed\u0161e v knize \u201eStatist auf diplomatischer Buhne&#8220;, Bonn 1950, str. 170<\/em><br \/>\n<em>3l C. G. Bowers, My Mission to Spain, New York 1954, str. 412<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z knihy : Albert Norden : Tak se d\u011blaj\u00ed v\u00e1lky. O pozad\u00ed a technice agrese. Orbis, Praha, 1971<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>18. \u010dervence 1936 vypukla ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka ve \u0160pan\u011blsku<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[51,47,63,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1665"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3069,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1665\/revisions\/3069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}