{"id":1699,"date":"2006-09-01T14:12:05","date_gmt":"2006-09-01T12:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/09\/01\/chomsky-o-aktualnich-otazkach-svtove-politiky\/"},"modified":"2006-09-01T14:12:05","modified_gmt":"2006-09-01T12:12:05","slug":"chomsky-o-aktualnich-otazkach-svtove-politiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/09\/01\/chomsky-o-aktualnich-otazkach-svtove-politiky\/","title":{"rendered":"Chomsky o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch sv\u011btov\u00e9 politiky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hano.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-63\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/11\/hano.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"hano\" title=\"hano\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"100\" height=\"44\" align=\"left\" \/><\/a>Americk\u00fd v\u011bdec Avram Noam Chomsky, rod\u00e1k z Filadelfie (1928),<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">profesor lingvistiky na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, je celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem na lingvistiku i zn\u00e1m\u00fdm zast\u00e1ncem levicov\u00fdch politick\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed k p\u0159edn\u00edm kritik\u016fm sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Washingtonu. Sv\u00e9 vyhran\u011bn\u00e9 postoje vyjad\u0159uje v \u0159ad\u011b publicistick\u00fdch vystoupen\u00ed a knih, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zvy ji\u017e samy o sob\u011b hodn\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed &#8211; od prvn\u00ed z nich American Power and New Mandarins (Americk\u00e1 moc a nov\u00ed mandar\u00edni) z roku 1969 a\u017e po ned\u00e1vno vydan\u00e9 tituly Hegemony or Survival: America&#8217;s Quest for Global Dominance (Hegemonie \u010di p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed: Americk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed za glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1du) z roku 2003 a Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy (Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 st\u00e1ty: Zneu\u017eit\u00ed moci a \u00fatok proti demokracii) z roku 2006.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">K jeho nesporn\u011b nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejaktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1zor\u016fm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed situaci obecn\u011b a ohniska nap\u011bt\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u011bnoval britsk\u00fd list The Independent ve sv\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z 28. srpna tribunu dotaz\u016f \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Chomsky na n\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 energicky, origin\u00e1ln\u011b, a p\u0159itom nenech\u00e1v\u00e1 nikoho na pochyb\u00e1ch, \u017ee je vedle sv\u00e9ho profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho oboru zasv\u011bcen\u00fdm analytikem i politick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Kdy\u017e Chomsky hovo\u0159\u00ed o globalismu, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je antiglobalismus. Toto hnut\u00ed \u017eije a p\u016fsob\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e9m rozporu s pravicovou integrac\u00ed investor\u016f, kterou ur\u010duj\u00ed jejich sobeck\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy o bohatstv\u00ed a moc. Antiglobalist\u00e9 vystupuj\u00ed v z\u00e1jmu lidu a nikoli ve prosp\u011bch st\u00e1tn\u011b soukrom\u00e9 moci, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: Lid\u00e9 z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uj\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00ed v Porto Alegre, Bombaji a jinde vlastn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed mnohem reprezentativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorek glob\u00e1ln\u00edho pojet\u00ed, ne\u017e ti, co se ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b sch\u00e1zej\u00ed v Davosu.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Jak ostatn\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed pot\u0159eby samotn\u00e9 doby, velk\u00e1 pozornost byla v t\u00e9to tribun\u011b v\u011bnov\u00e1na problematice St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu a zejm\u00e9na vztahu Izraele a Palestinc\u016f. Chomsky v t\u00e9to souvislosti prohl\u00e1sil: Od 70. let se krystalizuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed souhlas s t\u00edm, aby v prvn\u00ed etap\u011b nastalo urovn\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b dvou st\u00e1t\u016f s mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdmi hranicemi s men\u0161\u00edmi a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b dohodnut\u00fdmi \u00fapravami&#8230; Americko-izraelsk\u00e1 aliance nyn\u00ed podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 tuto mo\u017enost sv\u00fdmi programy &#8218;konvergence&#8216;, tedy z\u00e1borem \u00fazem\u00ed a rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm, co\u017e je cynicky ozna\u010dov\u00e1no za &#8218;odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 stahov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8216;.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Chomsky se nevyhnul ani odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku, zda na USA, Brit\u00e1nii a Izraeli nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 vina v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f. \u0158ekl k tomu jednozna\u010dn\u011b: Bushova a Blairova invaze do Ir\u00e1ku je jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, co norimbersk\u00fd tribun\u00e1l ozna\u010dil za &#8218;nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed zlo\u010din&#8216;, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zlo, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje. M\u011bli bychom si p\u0159ipomenout v\u00fdmluvn\u00e1 slova hlavn\u00edho norimbersk\u00e9ho \u017ealobce, soudce Roberta Jacksona, &#8218;pod\u00e1v\u00e1me ob\u017ealovan\u00fdm poh\u00e1r s jedem a pokud si z n\u011bho jen usrkneme, mus\u00edme o\u010dek\u00e1vat stejn\u00fd rozsudek&#8216;. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to dost jasn\u00e9. Obdobn\u00fd postoj zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Chomsky i k \u00fatoku Izraele na Libanon. Jeho kritika p\u0159itom sm\u011b\u0159uje proti skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm diplomacie USA, je\u017e se nesna\u017eila \u0159e\u0161it krizi hned v jej\u00edm po\u010d\u00e1tku. Prvn\u00edm po\u017eadavkem p\u0159ece bylo okam\u017eit\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed palby, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje: Ale to zablokoval Washington, z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, jak soud\u00ed 90 % Libanonc\u016f, aby umo\u017enil americko-izraelsk\u00e9 invazi dos\u00e1hnout maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kod.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Na ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d dosud nikdo v USA neodstartoval proti Georgeovi Bushovi soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed za jeho odvol\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli l\u017ei o v\u00e1lce proti terorismu &#8211; jako tomu bylo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Richarda Nixona pro zalh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o af\u00e9\u0159e Watergate, jen\u017e byl nakonec pod tlakem ve\u0159ejnosti i opozice nucen odstoupit (1974) &#8211; odv\u011btil Chomsky velmi stru\u010dn\u011b a v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b: D\u011blaj\u00ed se n\u011bjak\u00e9 pokusy, ale je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by to k n\u011b\u010demu vedlo, proto\u017ee chyb\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 opozi\u010dn\u00ed strana.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Za velmi v\u00fdznamnou pot\u0159ebu pova\u017euje Chomsky vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed opravdov\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed americk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 protiv\u00e1hy k moci vl\u00e1dy. Domn\u00edv\u00e1 se, \u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zky tohoto typu, kter\u00e9 mu klade ve\u0159ejnost, nelze postihnout jednou v\u011btou: V\u00edte, \u00farove\u0148 \u010dinnosti aktivist\u016f je v Americe vysok\u00e1, asi vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v 60. letech. Ale je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 a nen\u00ed dob\u0159e koordinovan\u00e1. Jde sp\u00ed\u0161 o takovou formu spole\u010densk\u00e9 kontroly, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed seskupen\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na sv\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nemaj\u00ed jednotnou organizaci, kde by z\u00edsk\u00e1vali informace a na jej\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b formulovali sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a konstruktivn\u011b vystupovali k dosa\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Kdy\u017e se jeden ze \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f Noama Chomskeho dotazoval, zda nenast\u00e1v\u00e1 soumrak liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u011bla: P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 mi to pozn\u00e1mku, kterou m\u011bl u\u010dinit G\u00e1ndh\u00ed, kdy\u017e se ho ptali na jeho n\u00e1zor na z\u00e1padn\u00ed civilizaci a on \u0159ekl, &#8218;mohla to b\u00fdt dobr\u00e1 idea&#8216;.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> zdroj:<br \/> Hal\u00f3 noviny &#8211; 01.01.2006  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Americk\u00fd v\u011bdec Avram Noam Chomsky, rod\u00e1k z Filadelfie (1928), profesor lingvistiky na Massachusetts Institute of Technology, je celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm odborn\u00edkem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1699"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1699"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1699\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}