{"id":1830,"date":"2007-03-09T11:02:12","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-2\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T11:02:12","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:02:12","slug":"system-inkvizice-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"SOUDCOV\u00c9 <\/p>\n

Jak byl vlastn\u011b onen tak d\u016fvtipn\u00fd a krut\u00fd stroj, j\u00edm\u017e byla inkvizice, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n? <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

H. Ch. Lea o tom p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eOrganizace inkvizice byla stejn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 jako \u00fa\u010deln\u00e1. Necht\u011bla udivovat okol\u00ed svou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ok\u00e1zalost\u00ed, ale ochromit je terorem." (3)
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem inkvizice byl \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd pape\u017e. Jemu jako n\u00e1m\u011bstku bo\u017e\u00edmu na zemi slou\u017eil a byl pod\u0159\u00edzen cel\u00fd tento stroj vytvo\u0159en\u00fd c\u00edrkv\u00ed a j\u00ed po\u017eehnan\u00fd.
\u201eP\u0159esto\u017ee mnichy a inkvizitory jmenovali do t\u011bchto funkc\u00ed jejich bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed," p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed historik Shannon, \u201ebyli v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu z\u00e1visl\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na pape\u017ei. Inkvizi\u010dn\u00ed tribun\u00e1l jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd soud nepodl\u00e9hal cenzu\u0159e a kontrole ani pape\u017esk\u00fdch leg\u00e1t\u016f, ani vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jmenovali inkvizitory." (4) Shannon se sna\u017e\u00ed ospravedlnit ud\u011blen\u00ed neomezen\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed inkvizi\u010dn\u00edm tribun\u00e1l\u016fm pape\u017eem okolnost\u00ed, \u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148ovalo \u201erychl\u00fd a rozhodn\u00fd boj proti tomu, co bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a spole\u010densk\u00e9 zlo".
Dokonce ani v zem\u00edch, kde jako ve \u0160pan\u011blsku a Portugalsku byla inkvizice p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci, nebyla jej\u00ed zlo\u010dinn\u00e1 \u010dinnost mysliteln\u00e1 bez pape\u017eova schv\u00e1len\u00ed. Kdyby tato \u010dinnost neodpov\u00eddala z\u00e1jm\u016fm a politick\u00e9 orientaci pape\u017esk\u00e9 kurie, kdyby jim odporovala, Svat\u00e1 stolice by se rozhodn\u011b Ve\u0159ejn\u011b ozvala. \u0158\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9 vsak nikdy nevznesli sebemen\u0161\u00ed protest. Nav\u00edc \u0158\u00edm v\u017eily Ve\u0159ejn\u011b nebo tajn\u011b schvaloval \u010dinnost \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 a portugalsk\u00e9 inkvizice a nikdy nepodnikl nic na obhajobu jej\u00edch \u010detn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edpady, \u017ee inkvizice ustala ve sv\u00e9 krvav\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, nebyly zpravidla Vyvol\u00e1ny z\u00e1sahem pape\u017e\u016f, ale okolnostmi na nich nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi.
Pape\u017esk\u00e1 kurie vyvolala inkvizici k \u017eivotu a tak\u00e9 ji mohla \u201ezab\u00edt". Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9 stvo\u0159ili tuto nestv\u016fru, nem\u011bli nejmen\u0161\u00ed chu\u0165 se j\u00ed zbavit. Naopak, \u201esvat\u00fd" tribun\u00e1l, jeho\u017e teroristick\u00e1 \u010dinnost nanejv\u00fd\u0161 zjednodu\u0161ila vztahy c\u00edrkve k jej\u00edm \u201eove\u010dk\u00e1m", byl pro n\u011b velmi pohodln\u00fd a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd.
Tato \u010dinnost inkvizice m\u011bla v\u0161ak pro c\u00edrkev velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd rub. C\u00edrkev sice v\u00edt\u011bzila nad odp\u016frci, ale \u017eivot ji p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bl. Jej\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed p\u016fsobila dojmem s\u00edly a p\u0159evahy, to v\u0161ak byla nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 iluze, nebo\u0165 tato v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161ila jej\u00ed rozpory, ale vtla\u010dovala je st\u00e1le hloub\u011bji do c\u00edrkevn\u00edho organismu. Rozpory nar\u016fstaly a p\u0159ipravovaly nov\u00fd, je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbuch \u2014 protestantsk\u00e9 kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, je\u017e bylo pro c\u00edrkev hroziv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u201ekac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1 revoluce" ze 13. stolet\u00ed.
Inkvizitory jmenoval \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd pape\u017e a tak\u00e9 jedin\u011b jemu podl\u00e9hali. Av\u0161ak \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed arm\u00e1dy inkvizitor\u016f, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch po k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a ji\u017e od poloviny 13. stolet\u00ed zaplavuj\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00fdmi informacemi \u0158\u00edm a do\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch se jeho instrukc\u00ed, bylo velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Urban IV. (1261\u20141264) se je pokusil usnadnit t\u00edm, \u017ee jmenoval gener\u00e1ln\u00edm inkvizitorem sv\u00e9ho chr\u00e1n\u011bnce kardin\u00e1la Caetana Orsiniho, kter\u00e9mu sv\u011b\u0159il ve\u0161kerou b\u011b\u017enou agendu souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s \u010dinnost\u00ed inkvizice v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a oblastech. Tato funkce umo\u017enila Orsinimu soust\u0159edit ve sv\u00fdch rukou tak velkou moc, \u017ee po smrti Urbana IV. dos\u00e1hl dosti snadno toho, \u017ee byl zvolen pape\u017eem jako Mikul\u00e1\u0161 III. (1277:\u20141280). Po sv\u00e9m zvolen\u00ed jmenoval gener\u00e1ln\u00edm inkvizitorem sv\u00e9ho synovce kardin\u00e1la Latina Malebranku, s n\u00edm\u017e po\u010d\u00edtal jako se sv\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem. To se nel\u00edbilo kardin\u00e1l\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i volb\u011b pape\u017ee Malebranku nezvolili. Po jeho smrti nebyl po ur\u010ditou dobu nikdo jmenov\u00e1n gener\u00e1ln\u00edm inkvizitorem, a\u017e teprve za Klimenta VI. (1342\u20141352).
Pod n\u00e1tlakem soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00edch kardin\u00e1l\u016f museli pape\u017eov\u00e9 tuto hodnost, kter\u00e1 sk\u00fdtala sv\u00e9mu dr\u017eiteli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou moc, zru\u0161it. \u010cinnost inkvizitor\u016f nyn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddily r\u016fzn\u00e9 instituce \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kurie. Po vzniku protestantstv\u00ed vytvo\u0159ili pape\u017eov\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 kurii instituci, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1la v \u010dele boje proti kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Zalo\u017eil ji v roce 1542 pape\u017e Pavel III. pod n\u00e1zvem svat\u00e1 kongregace \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a sv\u011btov\u00e9 inkvizice. Rychle se stala prvn\u00ed kongregac\u00ed v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kurii, a to nejen svou hodnost\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem a vlivem. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SOUDCOV\u00c9 Jak byl vlastn\u011b onen tak d\u016fvtipn\u00fd a krut\u00fd stroj, j\u00edm\u017e byla inkvizice, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1830"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}