{"id":1833,"date":"2007-03-09T11:05:43","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-5\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T11:05:43","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:05:43","slug":"system-inkvizice-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"Inkvizito\u0159i byli hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni, \u017ee zneu\u017e\u00edvali toho, \u017ee neexistovala kontrola, a pad\u011blali v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed zat\u010den\u00fdch i sv\u011bdk\u016f. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jako odpov\u011b\u010f na to ustanovili \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9 p\u0159i inkvizici nov\u00e9 osoby \u2014 not\u00e1\u0159e a sv\u011bdky, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159isp\u00edvat k nezaujat\u00e9mu pr\u016fb\u011bhu vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.
Not\u00e1\u0159 potvrzoval sv\u00fdm podpisem v\u00fdpov\u011bdi ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch a sv\u011bdk\u016f; tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i o sv\u011bdc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edtomni v\u00fdslechu. Dod\u00e1valo to p\u0159el\u00ed\u010den\u00ed zd\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1konnosti a nezaujatosti. Not\u00e1\u0159 byl zpravidla duchovn\u00ed osobou, a p\u0159esto\u017ee byl jmenov\u00e1n pape\u017eem, platil ho inkvizitor; sv\u011bdky byli nej\u010dast\u011bji mni\u0161i dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, jen\u017e \u0159\u00eddil inkvizici. Museli podobn\u00e9 jako v\u0161ichni spolupracovn\u00edci inkvizice pod pohr\u016f\u017ekou p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch trest\u016f zachov\u00e1vat ml\u010den\u00ed o tom, co jim bylo zn\u00e1mo o \u010dinnosti \u201esvat\u00e9ho" tribun\u00e1lu. Not\u00e1\u0159 a sv\u011bdkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tak byli pln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed na inkvizitorovi, stvrzovali sv\u00fdm podpisem jak\u00fdkoli pad\u011blan\u00fd dokument.
Jin\u00fdmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi osobami v apar\u00e1t\u011b inkvizice byli prokur\u00e1tor, l\u00e9ka\u0159 a kat. Prokur\u00e1tor \u2014 mnich ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch inkvizice \u2014 byl \u017ealobcem. L\u00e9ka\u0159 dbal na to, aby ob\u017ealovan\u00fd na mu\u010den\u00ed \u201ep\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b" nezem\u0159el. Byl zcela z\u00e1visl\u00fd na inkvizici; ve skute\u010dnosti to byl pomocn\u00edk kata, na jeho\u017e dovednosti \u010dasto z\u00e1visely v\u00fdsledky vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. O \u00faloze kata snad nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ani mluvit.
Krom\u011b tohoto jak\u00e9hosi vedouc\u00edho apar\u00e1tu tribun\u00e1lu existoval apar\u00e1t pomocn\u00fd, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch" inkvizice \u2014 tajn\u00fdch udava\u010d\u016f, \u017eal\u00e1\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, sluh\u016f a jin\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu. Tajn\u00ed udava\u010di, zv\u011bdov\u00e9 a \u0161pi\u00f3ni se rekrutovali z nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vrstev spole\u010dnosti. Byli na kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m dvo\u0159e, mezi mal\u00ed\u0159i a b\u00e1sn\u00edky, obchodn\u00edky i ve vojensk\u00fdch kruz\u00edch, mezi \u0161lechtici i prost\u00fdm lidem. K \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm" pat\u0159ili tak\u00e9 d\u016fstojn\u00ed a v\u0161emi v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed aristokrat\u00e9 a m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dastnili autodaf\u00e9. Jejich \u00fakolem bylo p\u0159emlouvat odsouzence, aby u\u010dinili ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pok\u00e1n\u00ed, vyzpov\u00eddali se a sm\u00ed\u0159ili s c\u00edrkv\u00ed.
Doprov\u00e1zeli ob\u011bti inkvizice na hranici, pom\u00e1hali ji zap\u00e1lit a p\u0159ihazovali klest\u00ed. Podobn\u00e1 \u201epocta" se ud\u00edlela jen zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaslou\u017eil\u00fdm a v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm farn\u00edk\u016fm. Po\u010det dobrovoln\u00fdch spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f inkvizice dosahoval n\u011bkolika stovek osob.
Na \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9" se stejn\u011b jako na v\u0161echny zam\u011bstnance inkvizice vztahovala beztrestnost. Nav\u00edc sm\u011bli nosit zbran\u011b. Nepodl\u00e9hali sv\u011btsk\u00fdm ani c\u00edrkevn\u00edm soud\u016fm a ka\u017ed\u00e1 jejich ur\u00e1\u017eka byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za pokus zabr\u00e1nit \u010dinnosti inkvizice v z\u00e1jmu kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. A tak zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch", jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 H. Ch. Lea, jim umo\u017e\u0148ovalo nakl\u00e1dat s bezbrann\u00fdm lidem podle libosti a lze si snadno p\u0159edstavit jejich vyd\u011bra\u010dstv\u00ed pod pohr\u016f\u017ekou zat\u010den\u00ed a ud\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo\u0165 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00edm pro v\u011brn\u00e9ho katol\u00edka i kac\u00ed\u0159e upadnout do sp\u00e1r\u016f inkvizice. (8) Na venkov\u011b plnili funkce sl\u00eddil\u016f kn\u011bzi z jednotliv\u00fdch farnost\u00ed, kter\u00fdm pom\u00e1haly v\u017edy dv\u011b sv\u011btsk\u00e9 osoby.
Inkvizice byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1n a musela se j\u00ed pod\u0159\u00eddit ve\u0161ker\u00e1 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed i sv\u011btsk\u00e1 moc. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 ot\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed inkvizice nebo odporov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed \u010dinnosti mohlo dov\u00e9st vin\u00edka a\u017e na hranici. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Inkvizito\u0159i byli hned od za\u010d\u00e1tku obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni, \u017ee zneu\u017e\u00edvali toho, \u017ee neexistovala kontrola, a pad\u011blali v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed zat\u010den\u00fdch i sv\u011bdk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1833"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1833\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}