{"id":1835,"date":"2007-03-09T11:08:02","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-7\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T11:08:02","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:08:02","slug":"system-inkvizice-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (7)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"Neblah\u00e1 proslulost inkvizice vytv\u00e1\u0159ela mezi obyvatelstvem ovzdu\u0161\u00ed strachu, teroru a nejistoty, kter\u00e9 bylo \u017eivnou p\u016fdou pro ud\u00e1n\u00ed, jejich\u017e valn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina byla vymy\u0161lena nebo se zakl\u00e1dala na nesmysln\u00fdch a sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch podez\u0159en\u00edch. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 se cht\u011bli rychle \u201evyzpov\u00eddat" inkvizitorovi, proto\u017ee doufali, \u017ee se tak sami zbav\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed vyu\u017eili t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti jako pomsty, jako mo\u017enosti z\u00fa\u010dtovat se sv\u00fdmi odp\u016frci, konkurenty a soupe\u0159i. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b horliv\u00ed byli ti, kdo jednali ze zi\u0161tn\u00fdch pohnutek, aby jim p\u0159ipadla \u010d\u00e1st majetku kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f. Bylo tak\u00e9 mnoho anonymn\u00edch ud\u00e1n\u00ed, k nim\u017e inkvizito\u0159i rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeli.
Tam, kde se inkvizice ujala a stala se trvale funguj\u00edc\u00edm tribun\u00e1lem, bylo odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed h\u0159\u00edch\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm prov\u00e1zeno po\u017eadavkem usv\u011bd\u010dovat nep\u0159\u00e1tele c\u00edrkve. Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku byla ud\u00e1n\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za svat\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed o velikonoc\u00edch, jeho\u017e se mohli z\u00fa\u010dastnit pouze ti, kdo se vyzpov\u00eddali a jim\u017e byly odpu\u0161t\u011bny h\u0159\u00edchy, kdy\u017e prozradili kac\u00ed\u0159e nebo podez\u0159el\u00e9 z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. \u201eTato lavina ud\u00e1n\u00ed," p\u00ed\u0161e J. A. Llorente, \u201ese dala do pohybu po dvou ned\u011bl\u00edch velik\u00e9ho postu, kdy byla v koste-l\u00edch \u010dtena na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Jedno ukl\u00e1dalo udat b\u011bhem \u0161esti dn\u016f pod pohr\u016f\u017ekou smrteln\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00edchu a vyobcov\u00e1n\u00ed z c\u00edrkve osoby, o kter\u00fdch bylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se dopustily p\u0159estupk\u016f proti v\u00ed\u0159e nebo inkvizici. Druh\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00e1valo do klatby ty, kdo b\u011bhem uveden\u00e9 lh\u016fty neu\u010dinili p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed; v\u0161ichni ti, kdo neuposlechli, byli odsouzeni k stra\u0161n\u00fdm c\u00edrkevn\u00edm trest\u016fm…" (9)
Kn\u011bzi v jednotliv\u00fdch farnostech a mni\u0161i museli rovn\u011b\u017e ud\u00e1vat inkvizici v\u0161echny podez\u0159el\u00e9 z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Nevy\u010derpateln\u00fdm zdrojem t\u011bchto ud\u00e1n\u00ed byla zpov\u011bdnice. Stejnou horlivost musela tak\u00e9 projevovat sv\u011btsk\u00e1 moc.
Inkvizice d\u011blila udava\u010de na dv\u011b kategorie: na ty, kdo p\u0159edkl\u00e1dali konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, a na ty, kdo uv\u00e1d\u011bli podez\u0159el\u00e9 z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl mezi nimi byl v tom, \u017ee prvn\u00ed museli p\u0159edlo\u017eit d\u016fkazy, jinak jim hrozil jako fale\u0161n\u00fdm sv\u011bdk\u016fm trest; druh\u00e9 kategorii tento trest nehrozil, nebo\u0165 jako pravov\u011brn\u00ed synov\u00e9 c\u00edrkve sd\u011blovali pouze sv\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed a nehodnotili je. To m\u011bla na starosti inkvizice, kter\u00e1 rozhodla, m\u00e1-li se konat na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto podez\u0159en\u00ed proces nebo maj\u00ed-li se zat\u00edm ponechat bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. Ke z\u0159eknut\u00ed se ud\u00e1n\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nebylo p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeno, v \u00favahu se brala jedin\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 proti ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu.
A\u010dkoli udava\u010di i ob\u017ealovan\u00fdmi mohli b\u00fdt ho\u0161i od 14 a d\u00edvky od 12 let, byl br\u00e1n z\u0159etel i na hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e mohly b\u00fdt obvin\u011bny z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. K odpov\u011bdnosti mohla b\u00fdt pohn\u00e1na t\u011bhotn\u00e1 \u017eena i vetch\u00e1 sta\u0159ena a mohly b\u00fdt mu\u010deny stejn\u011b jako d\u011bti.
Vedle t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f byl je\u0161t\u011b jeden zdroj dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed potravu nenasytn\u00fdm \u00fatrob\u00e1m \u201esvat\u00e9ho" tribun\u00e1lu: um\u011bleck\u00e1, filozofick\u00e1, politick\u00e1 a jin\u00e1 d\u00edla, v nich\u017e se hl\u00e1saly \u201ebu\u0159i\u010dsk\u00e9" my\u0161lenky a ideje. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tato d\u00edla neodpov\u00eddala z\u00e1sad\u00e1m katolick\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, byla v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00fdm d\u016fvodem, aby jejich auto\u0159i byli pohn\u00e1ni k soudn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Tito auto\u0159i byli pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni, vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni, mu\u010deni, odsuzov\u00e1ni a velmi \u010dasto upalov\u00e1ni, jak o tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed osud Giordana Bruna. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neblah\u00e1 proslulost inkvizice vytv\u00e1\u0159ela mezi obyvatelstvem ovzdu\u0161\u00ed strachu, teroru a nejistoty, kter\u00e9 bylo \u017eivnou p\u016fdou pro ud\u00e1n\u00ed, jejich\u017e valn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1835"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1835"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1835\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}