{"id":1838,"date":"2007-03-09T11:12:26","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-10\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T11:12:26","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T10:12:26","slug":"system-inkvizice-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (10)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1295\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/inkvizice.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"inkvizice\" title=\"inkvizice\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"130\" height=\"165\" align=\"left\" \/>Konfrontace sv\u011bdk\u016f ob\u017ealoby s v\u011bzni byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na. Za jedin\u00fd d\u016fvod k zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bdk\u016f jejich funkce byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na osobn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0161\u0165.  <\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p> Proto mohl ob\u017ealovan\u00fd p\u0159ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm napsat seznam sv\u00fdch osobn\u00edch nep\u0159\u00e1tel, kte\u0159\u00ed by byli schopni ze msty fale\u0161n\u011b proti n\u011bmu sv\u011bd\u010dit. Bylo-li mezi uveden\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny jm\u00e9no udava\u010de nebo sv\u011bdka, pozb\u00fdvaly jejich v\u00fdpov\u011bdi platnosti. V\u011bze\u0148 vsak s touto skute\u010dnost\u00ed nebyl sezn\u00e1men. Inkvizito\u0159i trvali na ob\u017ealob\u011b dokonce i tehdy, kdy\u017e bylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 na pouh\u00fdch pomluv\u00e1ch nebo v\u00fdmyslech udava\u010d\u016f. Nav\u00edc pr\u00e1vu protestu se postupem doby stav\u011blo do cesty tolik p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, \u017ee ho ob\u017ealovan\u00fd prakticky nemohl vyu\u017e\u00edt.<br \/> V\u0161ichni sv\u011bdci byli v podstat\u011b sv\u011bdky ob\u017ealoby. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd nemohl m\u00edt na svou obhajobu vlastn\u00ed sv\u011bdky, proto\u017ee inkvizice by je mohla obvinit ze sympati\u00ed ke kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. St\u00e1valo se, \u017ee sv\u011bdek m\u011bnil svou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f, av\u0161ak inkvizice stejn\u011b jako u udava\u010d\u016f brala v \u00favahu jen takov\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve v\u00fdpov\u011bdi, kter\u00e9 prohlubovaly vinu ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, a nikoli zm\u011bny, je\u017e ji zm\u00edr\u0148ovaly nebo ho zpro\u0161\u0165ovaly nespravedliv\u00e9ho obvin\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bzni se oznamovaly jedin\u011b prvn\u00ed zm\u011bny. Je nutno se zm\u00ednit i o okolnosti, \u017ee neposlu\u0161n\u00fd sv\u011bdek, kter\u00fd jednal v rozporu se z\u00e1jmy inkvizice, se mohl s\u00e1m st\u00e1t ob\u011bt\u00ed ob\u017ealoby z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Sv\u011bdek byl zcela v moci inkvizice, p\u0159\u00edsahal, \u017ee zachov\u00e1 v \u00fapln\u00e9 tajnosti sv\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s n\u00ed. Byl zcela bezmocn\u00fd a bezbrann\u00fd a inkvizito\u0159i ho mohli pod z\u00e1minkou, \u017ee poru\u0161il slib utajen\u00ed nebo se sna\u017eil vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00e9st na scest\u00ed, mu\u010dit, aby dos\u00e1hli \u201epravdiv\u00e9&quot;, tj. pro ne v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 sv\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpov\u011bdi. Neposlu\u0161n\u00e9ho sv\u011bdka mohla inkvizice ob\u017ealovat z fale\u0161n\u00e9ho sv\u011bdectv\u00ed a odsoudit do v\u011bzen\u00ed \u2014 dokonce i do\u017eivotn\u011b \u2014 nebo k no\u0161en\u00ed od\u011bvu s potupn\u00fdmi znaky (nap\u0159. dlouh\u00e9 pruhy \u010derven\u00e9ho sukna ve tvaru \u0161lehaj\u00edc\u00edch plamen\u016f, kter\u00e9 se na\u0161\u00edvaly na z\u00e1da a na prsa).<br \/> Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo \u010dasov\u011b nijak omezeno. Inkvizito\u0159i mohli v\u011bznit ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho rok, dva \u010di deset let, nebo dokonce cel\u00fd \u017eivot. Bylo to nav\u00edc usnadn\u011bno t\u00edm, \u017ee zat\u010den\u00fd si platil sv\u016fj pobyt ve v\u011bzen\u00ed z vlastn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f obstaven\u00fdch inkvizic\u00ed p\u0159i jeho zat\u010den\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee inkvizito\u0159i nem\u011bli o zat\u010den\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem nebo byl nemajetn\u00fd, tak\u017ee nemohl b\u00fdt dlouho v\u011bzn\u011bn, rozhodlo se o jeho osudu bez zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch pr\u016ftah\u016f. Nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed obh\u00e1jc\u016f inkvizice, \u017ee jej\u00ed metody byly v souladu se zvyklostmi doby. Sta\u010d\u00ed pouk\u00e1zat na praxi sv\u011btsk\u00fdch soud\u016f v Mil\u00e1n\u011b v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 14. stolet\u00ed. \u017dalobce zde byl nucen se p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zav\u00e1zat a zaru\u010dit se, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neopodstatn\u011bnosti \u017ealoby bude s\u00e1m potrest\u00e1n a nahrad\u00ed ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu \u0161kodu. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd mohl m\u00edt obh\u00e1jce a \u017e\u00e1dat o sd\u011blen\u00ed jmen sv\u011bdk\u016f a jejich v\u00fdpov\u011bdi. Kdy\u017e soudce zah\u00e1jil soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, musel je pod pokutou 50 liber ukon\u010dit nejpozd\u011bji do 30 dn\u00ed. (14)  <\/p>\n<p> Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed    <\/p>\n<p> Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Konfrontace sv\u011bdk\u016f ob\u017ealoby s v\u011bzni byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na. Za jedin\u00fd d\u016fvod k zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bdk\u016f jejich funkce byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na osobn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1838"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1838\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}