{"id":1841,"date":"2007-03-09T12:16:44","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-13\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T12:16:44","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:16:44","slug":"system-inkvizice-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (13)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"MU\u010cEN\u00cd <\/p>\n

V\u0161echny tyto \u010detn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky \u201ehum\u00e1nn\u00edho" p\u016fsoben\u00ed byly \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a mnoz\u00ed v\u011bz\u0148ov\u00e9 inkvizice nakonec p\u0159iznali nejen skute\u010dn\u00e9, ale i smy\u0161len\u00e9 proh\u0159e\u0161ky proti v\u00ed\u0159e. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed, ale ne v\u0161ichni: p\u0159itom v\u017edy \u010d\u00edm v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bylo obvin\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00edm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed bylo pro inkvizitory dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b dozn\u00e1n\u00ed vsak inkvizito\u0159i je\u0161t\u011b vym\u00e1hali vyd\u00e1n\u00ed souv\u011brc\u016f a tak\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eh\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00fdch blud\u016f" a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed s c\u00edrkv\u00ed. A to v\u0161echno bylo je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dozn\u00e1n\u00ed.
Kdy\u017e inkvizito\u0159i dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nelze zlomit p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm, hrozbami ani \u00fasko\u010dnost\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvali n\u00e1sil\u00ed, mu\u010den\u00ed, vych\u00e1zej\u00edce z domn\u011bnky, \u017ee t\u011blesn\u00e1 muka p\u016fsob\u00ed na rozum daleko \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji ne\u017e muka du\u0161evn\u00ed.
Mu\u010den\u00ed, jeho\u017e inkvizice pou\u017e\u00edvala v mnoha zem\u00edch po dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed, je jedn\u00edm z nejp\u00e1dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f neschopnosti c\u00edrkve p\u0159emoci sv\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 odp\u016frce \u010dist\u011b teologick\u00fdmi metodami, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm, a nikoli n\u00e1sil\u00edm. Nyn\u00ed se p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 c\u00edrkve ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee si mu\u010den\u00ed nevymysleli oni, \u017ee ho od nepam\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvala ob\u010dansk\u00e1 moc a \u017ee c\u00edrkev ji jen n\u00e1sledovala. Tito obh\u00e1jci zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich st\u0159edov\u011bc\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdci pova\u017eovali s\u00e1m lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot za muka, trest za Adam\u016fv a Evin d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd h\u0159\u00edch, a proto se na mu\u010den\u00ed \u201esmrteln\u00e9ho" t\u011bla ve jm\u00e9nu sp\u00e1sy du\u0161e d\u00edvali jako na milosrdn\u00fd \u010din v\u016f\u010di kac\u00ed\u0159\u016fm.
Dne\u0161n\u00ed teologov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed mu\u010den\u00ed, jeho\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvala inkvizice, odvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm se na metody sv\u011btsk\u00e9 moci, si z\u0159ejm\u00e9 neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u00edm vyvracej\u00ed m\u00fdtus o bo\u017esk\u00e9 podstat\u011b c\u00edrkevn\u00ed instituce. S \u201ematkou bo\u017e\u00ed" (jak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed teologov\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi) to nen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed k udr\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00ed autority pou\u017e\u00edvat slu\u017eeb kata a mu\u010den\u00edm a t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat odp\u016frce o sv\u00e9 pravd\u011b. Kdy\u017e v 18. stolet\u00ed odsuzovali v\u0161ichni pokrokov\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b mu\u010den\u00ed, c\u00edrkev je d\u00e1le h\u00e1jila. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed proti nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm c\u00edrkve, a tedy i mu\u010den\u00ed, h\u00e1jil Pius IX. ve sv\u00e9m neblaze proslul\u00e9m \u201eSyllabu", o n\u011bm\u017e jsme se u\u017e zm\u00ednili.
A\u010dkoli mu\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvala c\u00edrkev v\u016f\u010di podez\u0159el\u00fdm z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm inkvizi\u010dn\u00edch tribun\u00e1l\u016f, uz\u00e1konil je teprve pape\u017e Inocenc IV., kter\u00fd na\u0159\u00eddil v bule \u201eAd extirpanda" \u201edonucovat n\u00e1sil\u00edm, ani\u017e se po\u0161kod\u00ed lidy a ohroz\u00ed \u017eivot (jak\u00e1 to otcovsk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky!), v\u0161echny polapen\u00e9 kac\u00ed\u0159e jako hubitele a vrahy dus\u00ed, zlod\u011bje sv\u00e1tost\u00ed a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry, aby nanejv\u00fd\u0161 jasn\u00e9 p\u0159iznali sv\u00e9 omyly a prozrazovali jin\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 kac\u00ed\u0159e, v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a jejich obh\u00e1jce, stejn\u011b jako zlod\u011bji a lupi\u010di pozemsk\u00fdch statk\u016f jsou donucov\u00e1ni prozradit sv\u00e9 spolupachatele a p\u0159iznat sv\u00e9 zlo\u010diny" (23).
Tuto bulu potvrdili i n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9. Alexandr IV. (1260), Urban IV (1262) a Kliment IV. (1265) pov\u011b\u0159ili inkvizitory v\u0161emi povinnostmi vztahuj\u00edc\u00edmi se k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a odsouzen\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f, mimo jin\u00e9 i mu\u010den\u00edm za \u00fa\u010delem dozn\u00e1n\u00ed, prozrazen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a z\u0159eknut\u00ed se kac\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00edry, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e inkvizito\u0159i se mohli osobn\u011b \u201e\u00fa\u010dastnit" mu\u010den\u00ed, tj. \u0159\u00eddit je a vysl\u00fdchat mu\u010den\u00e9ho. (24)
I kdy\u017e se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch procesech s kac\u00ed\u0159i nemluv\u00ed o mu\u010den\u00ed, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se mu\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvalo jen ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed historik inkvizice E. Vacandard byl nucen uznat: skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se u mnoha proces\u016f nemluv\u00ed o mu\u010den\u00ed, lze vysv\u011btlit t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f u\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 na mu\u010den\u00ed byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za neplatnou, nepotvrdil-li ji ob\u017ealovan\u00fd \u201edobrovoln\u011b" po 24 hodin\u00e1ch. Toto potvrzen\u00ed bylo zaznamen\u00e1no v protokolu s pozn\u00e1mkou, \u017ee bylo u\u010din\u011bno dobrovoln\u011b, bez pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eek a n\u00e1sil\u00ed. (20) \u010casto musely b\u00fdt v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi vynucen\u00e9 mu\u010den\u00edm prost\u011b zni\u010deny. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MU\u010cEN\u00cd V\u0161echny tyto \u010detn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky \u201ehum\u00e1nn\u00edho" p\u016fsoben\u00ed byly \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a mnoz\u00ed v\u011bz\u0148ov\u00e9 inkvizice nakonec p\u0159iznali nejen skute\u010dn\u00e9, ale i smy\u0161len\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1841"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}