{"id":1842,"date":"2007-03-09T12:17:45","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-14\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T12:17:45","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:17:45","slug":"system-inkvizice-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (14)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"Mu\u010den\u00ed, jeho\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvala inkvizice, vyvol\u00e1valo v\u0161ude hr\u016fzu a pobou\u0159en\u00ed a s t\u00edm c\u00edrkev musela po\u010d\u00edtat. Av\u0161ak koncily a \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9 nebyli pro jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed, ale pro mu\u010den\u00ed \u201ese z\u00e1rukou spravedlnosti". <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ekumenick\u00fd koncil ve Vienne v roce 1311 se nap\u0159. usnesl, \u017ee mu\u010den\u00ed mus\u00ed nejprve schv\u00e1lit biskup. To v\u0161ak nijak neusnad\u0148ovalo situaci ob\u011bt\u00ed inkvizice. Moc \u201esvat\u00e9ho" tribun\u00e1lu byla tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a hr\u016fza, kterou vzbuzoval, tak velk\u00e1, \u017ee biskupov\u00e9 pokorn\u011b souhlasili se v\u0161\u00edm, co d\u011blali inkvizito\u0159i. A nav\u00edc, co\u017epak inkvizito\u0159i nejednali v z\u00e1jmu c\u00edrkve, tj. t\u00fdch\u017e biskup\u016f, jejich\u017e autoritu a moc h\u00e1jili i kdy\u017e krut\u00fdmi, ale podle jejich soudu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi, a proto spravedliv\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky? Biskupov\u00e9 museli b\u00fdt inkvizitor\u016fm vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed za to, \u017ee za ne d\u011blali \u0161pinavou pr\u00e1ci. A proto s inkvizitory co. nejt\u011bsn\u011bji a nejloaj\u00e1ln\u011bji spolupracovali.
Jin\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed na\u0159izovala, aby mu\u010den\u00ed bylo \u201eum\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9" a pou\u017e\u00edvalo se v\u016f\u010di ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu jen jednou. Inkvizito\u0159i v\u0161ak za pomoci teologick\u00fdch kazuist\u016f a za ml\u010denliv\u00e9ho souhlasu pape\u017esk\u00e9 stolice sam\u00e9 podobn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed snadno obch\u00e1zeli. Nap\u0159\u00edklad aby nemuseli \u017e\u00e1dat biskupa o svolen\u00ed k mu\u010den\u00ed, prohla\u0161ovali, \u017ee ustanoven\u00ed koncilu z roku 1311 se vztahuj\u00ed na ob\u017ealovan\u00e9, a nikoli na sv\u011bdky. Inkvizito\u0159i tedy mu\u010dili sv\u011bdky podle libosti; z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvrdili, \u017ee mohou mu\u010dit i ob\u017ealovan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159i v\u00fdslechu st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011bdky ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti nebo v z\u00e1le\u017eitosti jin\u00fdch. O tom, co je t\u0159eba rozum\u011bt \u201eum\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdm" mu\u010den\u00edm, rozhodovali sami inkvizito\u0159i. Soudili, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mu\u010den do t\u00e9 doby, dokud neu\u010din\u00ed pat\u0159i\u010dnou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f. Teprve pot\u00e9 by bylo mu\u010den\u00ed \u201eneomluvitelnou" krutost\u00ed. Stejn\u011b se obch\u00e1zelo i na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9m mu\u010den\u00ed. Inkvizito\u0159i prost\u011b prohl\u00e1sili, \u017ee mu\u010den\u00ed \u201eneskon\u010dilo", \u201ebylo p\u0159eru\u0161eno", a obnovovali je do t\u00e9 doby, dokud ob\u011b\u0165 neu\u010dinila pat\u0159i\u010dnou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f nebo dokud se nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, \u017ee mu\u010den\u00ed ji nezlom\u00ed. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd, jen\u017e odm\u00edtl u\u010dinit na mu\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159i\u010dnou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za usv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9ho, zatvrzel\u00e9ho kac\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00fd setrv\u00e1v\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch bludech. O\u010dek\u00e1valo jej vyobcov\u00e1n\u00ed z c\u00edrkve a hranice.
Stejnou nelibost inkvizitor\u016f vzbuzoval ob\u017ealovan\u00fd, kter\u00fd na mu\u010den\u00ed u\u010dinil pat\u0159i\u010dnou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f, ale potom ji necht\u011bl \u201edobrovoln\u011b" potvrdit. Soudilo se, \u017ee \u201eznovu upadl do blud\u016f\u201c, a byl d\u00e1le surov\u011b mu\u010den, aby \u201eodvolal sv\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed".
Inkvizice se sna\u017eila v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 zlo\u010diny utajit. Jej\u00ed spolupracovn\u00edci skl\u00e1dali p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd slib ml\u010den\u00ed. Tot\u00e9\u017e musely u\u010dinit i jej\u00ed ob\u011bti. Jestli\u017ee h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk, kter\u00fd se sm\u00ed\u0159il s c\u00edrkv\u00ed a odpykal si sv\u016fj trest, za\u010dal na svobod\u011b tvrdit, \u017ee pok\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u011bm bylo vynuceno n\u00e1sil\u00edm, mu\u010den\u00edm a podobn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, mohl b\u00fdt prohl\u00e1\u0161en za kac\u00ed\u0159e recidivistu, vyobcov\u00e1n z c\u00edrkve a up\u00e1len.
D\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e byl ob\u017ealovan\u00fd odevzd\u00e1n katu, inkvizitor ho \u201evaroval": \u201eMy, z bo\u017e\u00ed milosti inkvizitor ten a ten, po pe\u010dliv\u00e9m prostudov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f va\u0161eho procesu vid\u00edme, \u017ee va\u0161e odpov\u011bdi jsou protich\u016fdn\u00e9 a \u017ee existuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o va\u0161\u00ed vin\u011b. Proto\u017ee chceme sly\u0161et pravdu z va\u0161ich \u00fast a nezat\u011b\u017eovat u\u0161i va\u0161ich soudc\u016f, usn\u00e1\u0161\u00edme se, prohla\u0161ujeme a rozhodujeme se toho a toho dne v tu a tu hodinu pou\u017e\u00edt v\u016f\u010di v\u00e1m mu\u010den\u00ed." (26)
Potom se v\u016f\u010di ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvalo metody zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 byl sezn\u00e1men s mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji, a tak vlastn\u011b psychologicky p\u0159ipraven na to, co ho \u010dekalo. Inkvizito\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159i v\u00fdslechu v\u017edy p\u0159ed sebou bibli, oslovovali sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti tich\u00fdm hlasem, bez ur\u00e1\u017eek; nab\u00e1dali je k pok\u00e1n\u00ed a poko\u0159e a vyz\u00fdvali je, aby byly rozumn\u00e9 a sm\u00ed\u0159ily se s c\u00edrkv\u00ed. Za to jim slibovali odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech h\u0159\u00edch\u016f a v\u011b\u010dnou sp\u00e1su. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mu\u010den\u00ed, jeho\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvala inkvizice, vyvol\u00e1valo v\u0161ude hr\u016fzu a pobou\u0159en\u00ed a s t\u00edm c\u00edrkev musela po\u010d\u00edtat. Av\u0161ak koncily a \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed pape\u017eov\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1842"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1842\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}