{"id":1845,"date":"2007-03-09T12:21:41","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:21:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-17\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T12:21:41","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:21:41","slug":"system-inkvizice-17","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-17\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (17)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"Inkvizice sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti nikdy nezprostila ob\u017ealoby. V nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozsudek zn\u011bl: \u201eobvin\u011bn\u00ed nebylo dok\u00e1z\u00e1no\u201c. To znamenalo, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dok\u00e1z\u00e1no v budoucnosti. Osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed rozsudek nebyl z\u00e1branou pro nov\u00fd proces s tou\u017e ob\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy byli tito \u201ezpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ob\u017ealoby" propu\u0161t\u011bni na velkou kauci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se museli denn\u011b dostavit ke vchodu do inkvizi\u010dn\u00edho tribun\u00e1lu a st\u00e1t tam \u201eod sn\u00eddan\u011b do ob\u011bda a od ob\u011bda do ve\u010de\u0159e" pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by inkvizice z\u00edskala proti nim nov\u00e9 d\u016fkazy a cht\u011bla je znovu uv\u011bznit.
Pravdu m\u011bl franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00fd mnich Bernard D\u00e9licieux, kter\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed prohl\u00e1sil p\u0159ed francouzsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Filipem Sli\u010dn\u00fdm, \u017ee inkvizice mohla za existuj\u00edc\u00edho stavu obvinit z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed dokonce svat\u00e9ho Petra a Pavla, ani\u017e se mohli h\u00e1jit. Nebyla by proti nim vznesena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed a ani by jim ne\u0159ekli jm\u00e9na sv\u011bdk\u016f a jejich v\u00fdpov\u011bdi. D\u00e9licieux se proto ptal: \u201eJak by se mohli svat\u00ed apo\u0161tolov\u011b h\u00e1jit, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e by v\u0161ichni, kdo by jim cht\u011bli pomoci, byli ihned obvin\u011bni ze sympati\u00ed ke kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed?" H. Ch. Lea, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00ed tento cit\u00e1t, dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eTo v\u0161echno je nesporn\u00e1 pravda. Ob\u011b\u0165 svazovala pouta, z nich\u017e se nemohla vyprostit, a ka\u017ed\u00fd pokus zbavit se jich znamenal jedin\u011b jejich dal\u0161\u00ed sev\u0159en\u00ed." (31)
Inkvizice vyv\u00edjela svou \u010dinnost na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dasto si odporuj\u00edc\u00edch a nejasn\u00fdch pokyn\u016f \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch pape\u017e\u016f a ustanoven\u00ed koncil\u016f. Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed inkvizito\u0159i sestavovali pro sv\u00e9 kolegy p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky na zp\u016fsob procesn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u00edk\u016f. Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku vyd\u00e1vali velc\u00ed inkvizito\u0159i, po\u010d\u00ednaje Torquemadou, instrukce upravuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnost \u201esvat\u00e9ho" tribun\u00e1lu a odpov\u00eddali na dotazy m\u00edstn\u00edch a koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch inkvizitor\u016f. To, \u017ee neexistovalo p\u0159esn\u00e9 z\u00e1konod\u00e1rstv\u00ed, sk\u00fdtalo inkvizitor\u016fm voln\u00e9 pole p\u016fsobnosti, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017eelo i na jejich rozsudc\u00edch. Na rozd\u00edl od sv\u011btsk\u00fdch soud\u016f m\u011bly rozsudky inkvizice, kdy\u017e ne\u0161lo o vyobcov\u00e1n\u00ed z c\u00edrkve, a tedy o up\u00e1len\u00ed, velmi neur\u010dit\u00fd charakter. Inkvizitor mohl trest ulo\u017een\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozsudku zm\u00edrnit, zv\u00fd\u0161it nebo obnovit. Touto formulac\u00ed kon\u010dil ka\u017ed\u00fd rozsudek. Proto si ani po jeho vynesen\u00ed nebyl odsouzen\u00fd jist, \u017ee jeho utrpen\u00ed skon\u010dilo, nebo\u0165 inkvizitor mohl sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti ulo\u017eit nov\u00fd c\u00edrkevn\u00ed trest, dal\u0161\u00ed pobyt ve v\u011bzen\u00ed, nebo dokonce up\u00e1len\u00ed.
Rozsudky vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 inkvizic\u00ed byly zpravidla velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lea, \u201ekac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed bylo tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem, \u017ee je nebylo mo\u017eno vykoupit ani l\u00edtost\u00ed, ani n\u00e1vratem na spr\u00e1vnou cestu. A\u010dkoli c\u00edrkev prohla\u0161ovala, \u017ee s radost\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 do sv\u00e9 n\u00e1ru\u010de v\u0161echny pobloudil\u00e9 a kaj\u00edcn\u00edky, byla zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cesta k n\u00ed pro vin\u00edka t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a jeho h\u0159\u00edch mohl b\u00fdt vykoupen jedin\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00edmi tresty, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edsnost m\u011bla sv\u011bd\u010dit o up\u0159\u00edmnosti jeho obr\u00e1cen\u00ed." (32)
Jak\u00e9 tresty ukl\u00e1dal sv\u00fdm \u201esv\u011b\u0159enc\u016fm" inkvizi\u010dn\u00ed tribun\u00e1l? P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm c\u00edrkevn\u00ed tresty \u2014 od \u201elehk\u00fdch" do \u201eponi\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch" (confusibles), potom v\u011bzen\u00ed, oby\u010dejn\u00e9 nebo zost\u0159en\u00e9, galeje a kone\u010dn\u011b vyobcov\u00e1n\u00ed z c\u00edrkve a odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btsk\u00e9 moci k up\u00e1len\u00ed na hranici. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy byly tyto tresty prov\u00e1zeny bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm odsouzen\u00fdch a zabaven\u00edm jejich majetku. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Inkvizice sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti nikdy nezprostila ob\u017ealoby. V nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozsudek zn\u011bl: \u201eobvin\u011bn\u00ed nebylo dok\u00e1z\u00e1no\u201c. To znamenalo, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dok\u00e1z\u00e1no<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1845"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1845\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}