{"id":1850,"date":"2007-03-09T12:29:27","date_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-22\/"},"modified":"2007-03-09T12:29:27","modified_gmt":"2007-03-09T11:29:27","slug":"system-inkvizice-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2007\/03\/09\/system-inkvizice-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9m Inkvizice (22)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"inkvizice\"O samotn\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu up\u00e1len\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159e se dochovala \u010detn\u00e1 l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. Postupn\u011b vznikl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l, jen\u017e byl v\u0161ude stejn\u00fd. Obvykle bylo up\u00e1len\u00ed stanoveno na sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed den a obyvatelstvo se vyz\u00fdvalo k \u00fa\u010dasti. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed se ho z\u00fa\u010dastnit stejn\u011b jako projevy sympati\u00ed a l\u00edtosti k ob\u011bti mohly vzbudit podez\u0159en\u00ed z kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. P\u0159ed up\u00e1len\u00edm se konalo autodaf\u00e9, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 na slavnostn\u011b vyzdoben\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e byla za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti c\u00edrkevn\u00ed a sv\u011btsk\u00e9 moci a obyvatel m\u011bsta slou\u017eena slavnostn\u00ed m\u0161e a vynesen rozsudek inkvizice nad odsouzencem.
Autodaf\u00e9 se konalo n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do roka a po n\u011bm b\u00fdvaly n\u011bkdy up\u00e1leny a\u017e des\u00edtky ob\u011bt\u00ed inkvizice. M\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159ed jeho kon\u00e1n\u00edm vyz\u00fdvali kn\u011bzi z jednotliv\u00fdch farnost\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, aby se ho z\u00fa\u010dastnili, a slibovali jim za to odpustky na dobu 40 dn\u00ed.
V p\u0159edve\u010der autodaf\u00e9 bylo m\u011bsto vyzdobeno vlajkami a kv\u011btinami a na balk\u00f3nech byly um\u00edst\u011bny koberce. Na hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed bylo postaveno le\u0161en\u00ed, na n\u011bm\u017e byl olt\u00e1\u0159 pod rud\u00fdm baldach\u00fdnem a l\u00f3\u017ee pro kr\u00e1le nebo m\u00edstn\u00edho vl\u00e1dce a jin\u00e9 sv\u011btsk\u00e9, a rovn\u011b\u017e i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 osobnosti. P\u0159\u00edtomnost \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed byla v\u00edt\u00e1na. Proto\u017ee autodaf\u00e9 n\u011bkdy trvalo cel\u00fd den, byly u le\u0161en\u00ed tak\u00e9 postaveny ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1chodky, jich\u017e mohli v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby pou\u017e\u00edt \u010destn\u00ed host\u00e9.
Den p\u0159ed autodaf\u00e9 se konala jeho \u201egener\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161ka". Hlavn\u00edmi ulicemi m\u011bsta proch\u00e1zelo proces\u00ed farn\u00edk\u016f veden\u00e9 \u010dleny kongregace sv. Petra Mu\u010dedn\u00edka (italsk\u00e9ho inkvizitora, dominik\u00e1na z Verony, jeho\u017e v roce 1252 zabili pro jeho zlo\u010diny odp\u016frci inkvizice; byl prohl\u00e1\u0161en patronem inkvizice). \u010clenov\u00e9 t\u00e9to kongregace m\u011bli na starosti p\u0159\u00edpravu autodaf\u00e9 \u2014 stav\u011bli le\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159ipravovali \u201epracovi\u0161t\u011b" \u2014 quemadero (\u017eelezn\u00fd ko\u0161), kde byli upalov\u00e1ni zatvrzel\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159i atd. Po nich \u0161la \u201eKristova policie", tj. ve\u0161ker\u00fd person\u00e1l m\u00edstn\u00ed inkvizice s jej\u00edmi dona\u0161e\u010di v b\u00edl\u00fdch kapuc\u00edch a dlouh\u00fdch h\u00e1bitech, do nich\u017e ukr\u00fdvali svou tv\u00e1\u0159. Dva \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci proces\u00ed nesli zelen\u00e9 (41) korouhve inkvizice, z nich\u017e jedna byla um\u00edst\u011bna na le\u0161en\u00ed autodaf\u00e9 a druh\u00e1 u quemadera.
Hned od sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed bylo v\u011bzen\u00ed inkvizice pln\u00e9 hluku. V\u011bzn\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli potuchy o tom, co je \u010dek\u00e1, a o trestu, k n\u011bmu\u017e byli odsouzeni \u2014 dov\u00eddali se to teprve na autodaf\u00e9 \u2014, p\u0159ipravovali str\u00e1\u017eci k nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed slavnosti, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno k exekuci. Byli ost\u0159\u00edh\u00e1ni, oboleni, oble\u010deni do \u010dist\u00e9ho pr\u00e1dla, dostali bohatou sn\u00eddani, n\u011bkdy na kur\u00e1\u017e i sklenku v\u00edna. Pak jim ut\u00e1hli kolem krku provaz a do sv\u00e1zan\u00fdch rukou jim vlo\u017eili zelenou sv\u00edci. Vyvedli je na ulici, kde na n\u011b \u010dekala \u201eKristova policie" a \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed" inkvizice. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zarputil\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159i byli posazeni obr\u00e1cen\u011b na osly a p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1ni. V\u011bzn\u011b potom odvedli ke katedr\u00e1le, kde se formovalo proces\u00ed. Jeho slo\u017een\u00ed bylo stejn\u00e9 jako p\u0159edchoz\u00edho dne, dnes v\u0161ak nesli \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci korouhve jednotliv\u00fdch farnost\u00ed pota\u017een\u00e9 na znamen\u00ed smutku \u010dernou l\u00e1tkou. Dona\u0161e\u010di nesli sanbenita a loutky \u2014 figur\u00edny zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00e9, uprchl\u00e9 nebo nepolapen\u00e9 kac\u00ed\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed byli odsouzeni k up\u00e1len\u00ed.
Proces\u00ed, jeho\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zp\u00edvali smute\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hymny, pomalu sm\u011b\u0159ovalo k n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kde se m\u011blo konat autodaf\u00e9. Mni\u0161i a \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed" doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bzn\u011b je hlasit\u011b vyz\u00fdvali k pok\u00e1n\u00ed a sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed s c\u00edrkv\u00ed. Obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta pozorovali proces\u00ed z oken nebo st\u00e1li na ulici. Mnoz\u00ed z nich uposlechli v\u00fdzvy kn\u011bzi a zahrnovali v\u011bzn\u011b nad\u00e1vkami. Bylo v\u0161ak zak\u00e1z\u00e1no h\u00e1zet po kac\u00ed\u0159\u00edch jak\u00e9koli p\u0159edm\u011bty, nebo\u0165 praxe dokazovala, \u017ee takto mohly utrp\u011bt zran\u011bn\u00ed nejen ob\u011bti inkvizice, ale tak\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed je voj\u00e1ci \u201eKristovy policie".
Zat\u00edm se na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017edili obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta a rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 sv\u011btsk\u00e9 i c\u00edrkevn\u00ed moci a host\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zaujali m\u00edsta na vyhrazen\u00fdch tribun\u00e1ch. T\u011bch, kdo se r\u00e1di pod\u00edvali na autodaf\u00e9. bylo v\u017edy dost.
Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161lo na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed proces\u00ed, byli v\u011bz\u0148ov\u00e9 usazeni na lavic\u00edch hanby, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na le\u0161en\u00ed trochu n\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e \u010destn\u00e9 tribuny. Za\u010dala smute\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161e a po n\u00ed k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed inkvizitora, kter\u00e9 kon\u010dilo vynesen\u00edm rozsudk\u016f. Rozsudky byly \u010dteny latinsky, v\u011bz\u0148ov\u00e9 se jen s obt\u00ed\u017eemi dohadovali o jejich obsahu; byly velmi dlouh\u00e9, za\u010d\u00ednaly cit\u00e1ty z bible a spis\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00edch otc\u016f a \u010detly se pomalu. Bylo-li odsouzen\u00fdch kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f v\u00edce, trvalo n\u011bkdy vynesen\u00ed rozsudk\u016f n\u011bkolik hodin.
Autodaf\u00e9 kon\u010dilo exekuc\u00ed: jedni byli oble\u010deni do sanbenita a \u0161a\u0161kovsk\u00fdch \u010depic, jin\u00ed byli bi\u010dov\u00e1ni a dal\u0161\u00ed vlekli mni\u0161i a str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed ke quemaderu.
\u017delezn\u00fd ko\u0161 byl um\u00edst\u011bn na sousedn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, kam se po odsouzen\u00fdch k smrti odebrali tak\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed a sv\u011btsk\u00e9 osobnosti i oby\u010dejn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9. Zde bylo den p\u0159edt\u00edm postaveno popravn\u00ed le\u0161en\u00ed se sloupem uprost\u0159ed, k n\u011bmu\u017e p\u0159iv\u00e1zali odsouzen\u00e9ho kac\u00ed\u0159e; bylo sem tak\u00e9 p\u0159ivezeno d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed a klest\u00ed a oblo\u017eeno j\u00edm le\u0161en\u00ed. Mni\u0161i a \u201ep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed" doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed odsouzen\u00e9 k smrti se je pokou\u0161eli v posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli p\u0159im\u011bt, aby se z\u0159ekli kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed. Ti mohli vyjevit sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed odvolat h\u0159\u00edchy jedin\u011b posunkem, nebo\u0165 z obavy, \u017ee by mohli z\u00edsk\u00e1vat lid pro kac\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, jim d\u00e1vali \u010dasto do \u00fast roub\u00edk. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Z knihy: Grigulevi\u010d, I.: D\u011bjiny inkvizice. Praha, Svoboda 1982 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O samotn\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu up\u00e1len\u00ed kac\u00ed\u0159e se dochovala \u010detn\u00e1 l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. Postupn\u011b vznikl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l, jen\u017e byl v\u0161ude stejn\u00fd. Obvykle bylo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[10],"tags":[394],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1850"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}