{"id":1991,"date":"2013-01-31T21:49:53","date_gmt":"2013-01-31T20:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/01\/31\/zem-a-symboly-1\/"},"modified":"2013-01-31T21:49:53","modified_gmt":"2013-01-31T20:49:53","slug":"zem-a-symboly-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/01\/31\/zem-a-symboly-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u011b a symboly (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1990\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"marianne\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/marianne.jpg\" height=\"171\" width=\"110\" \/>V symbolick\u00fdch postav\u00e1ch \u2014 hrdinn\u00fdch nebo komick\u00fdch a n\u011bkdy i satirick\u00fdch \u2014 jsou \u010dasto zt\u011blesn\u011bny nejenom charaktery jednotlivc\u016f, ale i rysy n\u00e1rod\u016f, st\u00e1t\u016f&nbsp; jej\u00edch politick\u00e9ho z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tyto postavy vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lid, spisovatel \u010di mal\u00ed\u0159. Stalo se u\u017e tradic\u00ed mnoha zem\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u00e9 typick\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed postavy. Jednou z nich je <em>Marianna s frygickou \u010dapkou.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<strong>Marianna s frygickou \u010dapkou.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Modern\u00ed Francie v \u017eurnalistice, karikatu\u0159e i mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 Marianna, \u017eena s frygickou \u010dapkou zdobenou t\u0159\u00edbarevnou republik\u00e1nskou kokardou. Kde se vzala?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm si pov\u011bzme n\u011bco o zn\u00e1m\u011b \u010dapce t\u00e9to d\u00e1my. Osud t\u00e9to ozdoby hlavy je neoby\u010dejn\u00fd. Tato \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e1 \u010dapka s u\u0161ima byla tradi\u010dn\u00ed pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy starov\u011bk\u00fdch Frygi\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v Mal\u00e9 Asi\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b takov\u00e9 \u010dapky dost\u00e1vali osvobozen\u00ed otroci. Na staro\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch minc\u00edch zt\u011bles\u0148ovala \u017eena s frygickou \u010dapkou svobodu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Svou skute\u010dnou vlast v\u0161ak z\u00edskala \u017eena s frygickou \u010dapkou po dlouh\u00e9m putov\u00e1n\u00ed v revolu\u010dn\u00ed Francii koncem XVIII. stolet\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na kresb\u00e1ch t\u00e9 doby se na \u010dapce objevila trojbarevn\u00e1 kokarda a p\u0159idali j\u00ed galsk\u00e9ho kohouta \u2014 symbol bd\u011blosti, kter\u00fd kdysi pat\u0159\u00edval bohyni moudrosti Minerv\u011b, i pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed \u2014 tesa\u0159skou vodov\u00e1hu v podob\u011b rovnoramenn\u00e9ho troj\u00faheln\u00edku, symbolu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 rovnosti. Ve dnech revoluce se Marianna nez\u0159\u00eddka objevovala i na jevi\u0161ti. Hr\u00e1valy ji mlad\u00e9 here\u010dky. Ve francouzsk\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed karikatu\u0159e vedla tato kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u017eena vlastence do \u00fatoku proti sil\u00e1m reakce.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marianna se stala du\u0161\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho lidu. V mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00edch let 1830 a 1848 je state\u010dn\u00e1 a odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad na slavn\u00e9m obrazu E. Delacroixe \u201eSvoboda na barik\u00e1d\u00e1ch&#8220; nebo na Daumierov\u00fdch litografi\u00edch. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b Marianna symbolizovala Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou komunu v d\u00edlech francouzsk\u00fdch v\u00fdtvarn\u00edk\u016f roku 1871. Kr\u00e1snou Mariannou byla pojmenov\u00e1na podle tajn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 bojovala proti reakci v letech restaurace Bourbon\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u017dena s frygickou \u010dapkou je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm symbolem svobody. A p\u0159esto se obsah symbolu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zm\u011bnil. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch historie byla takov\u00e1, jakou byla Francie, kterou zt\u011bles\u0148ovala. Nap\u0159\u00edklad po p\u0159evratu dev\u00e1t\u00e9ho thermidoru, kter\u00fd zlikvidoval revolu\u010dn\u00ed symboliku, se Marianna st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ipodob\u0148ovala k p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 staro\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 matron\u011b nebo ke koketn\u00ed subret\u011b. Za Napoleona j\u00ed na hlavu m\u00edsto frygick\u00e9 \u010dapky nasadili korunu. A v dob\u011b znovunastolen\u00ed Bourbon\u016f j\u00ed francouzsk\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 Grinville nakreslil pon\u00ed\u017eenou v okovech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V symbolick\u00fdch postav\u00e1ch \u2014 hrdinn\u00fdch nebo komick\u00fdch a n\u011bkdy i satirick\u00fdch \u2014 jsou \u010dasto zt\u011blesn\u011bny nejenom charaktery jednotlivc\u016f, ale i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[6],"tags":[181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1991"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1991"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1991\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}