{"id":1997,"date":"2013-02-03T18:10:36","date_gmt":"2013-02-03T17:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/02\/03\/prohlaeni-o-emancipaci-a-noni-stra\/"},"modified":"2013-02-03T18:10:36","modified_gmt":"2013-02-03T17:10:36","slug":"prohlaeni-o-emancipaci-a-noni-stra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/02\/03\/prohlaeni-o-emancipaci-a-noni-stra\/","title":{"rendered":"Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o emancipaci a No\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"lincoln\"Na 1. ledna 2013 p\u0159ipadlo 150. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed podeps\u00e1n\u00ed Emancipa\u010dn\u00edho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed (the Emancipation Proclamation) presidenta USA Abrahama Lincolna. S \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 1. ledna 1863, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, tento dokument prohla\u0161oval zotro\u010den\u00fd lid africk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu ve v\u0161ech st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 se vzbou\u0159ily proti Unii, za \u201enav\u017edy svobodn\u00fd\u201c. K p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed tohoto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vyd\u00e1 po\u0161ta USA zn\u00e1mku.<\/strong><\/p>\n


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Lincoln o n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f d\u0159\u00edve ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee pokud st\u00e1ty Konfederace 1. ledna nezastav\u00ed boj a nep\u0159idaj\u00ed se znovu k Unii, budou v\u0161ichni otroci v t\u011bchto st\u00e1tech prohl\u00e1\u0161eni od n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne za svobodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dalo nad\u011bji on\u011bm zotro\u010den\u00fdm, kte\u0159\u00ed se v noci 31. prosince 1862 shrom\u00e1\u017edili v kostelech a do p\u016flnoci \u010dekali na vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 svobody, \u00fastn\u011b, telegraficky \u010di v novin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Samo o sob\u011b nemohlo Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b osvobodit \u010dty\u0159i miliony otrok\u016f, ani jej nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vynutit v oblastech kontrolovan\u00fdch odtr\u017eeneckou Konfederac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je ignorovala. A nebylo aplikov\u00e1no v otroky dr\u017e\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 se proti Unii nebou\u0159ily. Ale vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu ke zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed podle 13. dodatku k \u00dastav\u011b USA, ratifikovan\u00e9ho 6. prosince 1865. 15. dodatek, p\u0159ijat\u00fd v dob\u011b obnovy 3. \u00fanora 1870, m\u011bl d\u00e1t v\u0161em mu\u017esk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm USA volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo bez ohledu na rasu, barvu pleti nebo n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed porobu. Dodatek byl uplatn\u011bn pro Afro-Ameri\u010dany na Jihu, mu\u017ee i \u017eeny, a\u017e v roce 1965, kdy byl masov\u00fdm bojem prosazen Z\u00e1kon o volebn\u00edch pr\u00e1vech. <\/p>\n

Opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 svoboda<\/p>\n

Do texask\u00e9ho Galvestonu p\u0159i\u0161la svoboda a\u017e v roce 1865. Zpr\u00e1va o emancipaci byla d\u00edky p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu vlivu majitel\u016f otrok\u016f tutl\u00e1na. Za den, kdy se posledn\u00ed otroci dov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee pro n\u011b skon\u010dilo otroctv\u00ed, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n 19. \u010derven.<\/p>\n

Toto datum je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eJuneteenth\u201c a mnoz\u00ed \u010derno\u0161i v USA jej uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed a oslavuj\u00ed jako sv\u016fj \u201e\u010ctvrt\u00fd \u010dervenec\u201c (den ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti USA; pozn. p\u0159ekl.).<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00edskaly nez\u00e1vislost na Britech, \u010derno\u0161i byli st\u00e1le zotro\u010den\u00ed. V roce 1963, sto let po Emancipa\u010dn\u00edm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, prob\u011bhl Pochod na Washington za pr\u00e1ci a svobodu. P\u0159il\u00e1kal k \u00fa\u010dasti 250 000 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tradice \u201eNoci str\u00e1\u017ee\u201c (Watch Night) je v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Afro-Ameri\u010dan\u016f hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bna, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v dob\u011b, kdy tato komunita st\u00e1le bojuje. C\u00edrkev p\u0159edve\u010der Nov\u00e9ho roku st\u00e1le oslavuje jako den p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e bylo Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed uz\u00e1kon\u011bno. P\u0159i t\u00e9to bohoslu\u017eb\u011b m\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u011btistr\u00e1nkov\u00fd dokument \u010dten\u00fd nahlas. A k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 oslovit pokrokov\u00e9, a ob\u010das \u00fastupn\u00e9, posuny, je\u017e \u010derno\u0161i vybojovali a za n\u011b\u017e st\u00e1le bojuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Otroci v USA \u017eili v jedn\u011bch z nejnelid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. A bohatstv\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 za v\u00edc ne\u017e 200 let jejich nezaplacen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce p\u0159ineslo prosp\u011bch hlavn\u011b jednomu procentu – vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b – a nejm\u00e9n\u011b ze v\u0161ech samotn\u00fdm Afro-Ameri\u010dan\u016fm. Odkaz otroctv\u00ed st\u00e1le rozd\u011bluje ty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v USA – mor\u00e1ln\u011b zkorumpovan\u00e9 zemi, je\u017e si libuje v politice, jak\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 posilovat rasistick\u00e9 postoje v\u016f\u010di \u010dernoch\u016fm, pova\u017eovan\u00fdm t\u00edmto za hor\u0161\u00ed, dokonce pod\u0159adn\u00e9 bytosti.<\/p>\n

Rasismus je st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b tolerovan\u00fd, je st\u00e1le z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fd a v\u0161e prostupuj\u00edc\u00ed. Afro-Ameri\u010dan\u016fm je  USA d\u011bdictv\u00ed toho, \u017ee byli otroci, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1no ka\u017edodenn\u011b. Proto je nutn\u00e9 bojovat za spole\u010denskou spravedlnost ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

Dolores Coxov\u00e1, 2. ledna 2013 (p\u0159eklad Vladim\u00edr Sedl\u00e1\u010dek) <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na 1. ledna 2013 p\u0159ipadlo 150. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed podeps\u00e1n\u00ed Emancipa\u010dn\u00edho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed (the Emancipation Proclamation) presidenta USA Abrahama Lincolna. S \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[251,34],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1997\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}