{"id":2006,"date":"2013-02-28T21:11:12","date_gmt":"2013-02-28T20:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/02\/28\/mu-ktery-neexistoval\/"},"modified":"2013-02-28T21:11:12","modified_gmt":"2013-02-28T20:11:12","slug":"mu-ktery-neexistoval","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2013\/02\/28\/mu-ktery-neexistoval\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u017e, kter\u00fd neexistoval"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2003\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"op-mincemeat\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/op-mincemeat.jpg\" height=\"105\" width=\"120\" \/>Kari\u00e9ra majora britsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty <em>Williama Martina<\/em> byfo kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, ale zato velmi pozoruhodn\u00e1. A\u010dkoli Martin byl naprosto nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, kdy\u017e nastoupil vojenskou slu\u017ebu, a\u010dkoli nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm neslou\u017eil u n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty, z\u00edskal okam\u017eit\u011b hodnost d\u016fstojn\u00edka.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ani jeho jm\u00e9no, Martin, nepat\u0159ilo \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd se stal hrdinou jednoho i nejpodivuhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f na ja\u0159e roku 1943 sehr\u00e1l hlavn\u00ed \u00falohu v akci, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo mystifikovat N\u011bmce o m\u00edst\u011b vylod\u011bn\u00ed spojenc\u016f v oblasti St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2004\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"william martin mincemeat\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/william_martin_mincemeat.jpg\" height=\"487\" width=\"300\" \/>Major William Martin provedl sv\u016fj \u00fakol, ani\u017e hnul prstem. Byl toti\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku akce \u2014 mrtev.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed by cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad vyvolal sp\u00ed\u0161e pochybova\u010dn\u00e9 zdvi\u017een\u00ed obo\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e d\u016fv\u011bru. Ale jsou tu autentick\u00e9 dokumenty a sv\u011bdkov\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad memo\u00e1ry b\u00fdval\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka britsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011bdn\u00e9 slu\u017eby Ewena Montagua, b\u00fdval\u00fd Churchill\u016fv n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk \u0161t\u00e1bu lord Ismay a jin\u00ed. Jejich sv\u011bdectv\u00ed vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011btlo jeden z nejbizarn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lsti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jednoho dne na po\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna 1943 na\u0161li ryb\u00e1\u0159i ze \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 osady pobl\u00ed\u017ee \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky Huelvy na b\u0159ehu mo\u0159e mrtvolu britsk\u00e9ho d\u016fstojn\u00edka. O n\u00e1lezu uv\u011bdomili policii, kter\u00e1 zjistila, \u017ee mrtv\u00fd m\u011bl u sebe krom\u011b vojensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fkazu na jm\u00e9no major William Martin a n\u011bkolika soukrom\u00fdch dopis\u016f a drobnost\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zape\u010det\u011bnou ob\u00e1lku obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed tajn\u00e9 spojeneck\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny a dokumenty. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady p\u0159edaly cenn\u00fd n\u00e1lez n\u011bmeck\u00fdm agent\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed jej rychle doru\u010dili nejkrat\u0161i cestou do Berl\u00edna. Uk\u00e1zalo se toti\u017e, \u017ee jde o ko\u0159ist nesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Byly to pl\u00e1ny p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 spojeneck\u00e9 invaze v oblasti St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Prozrazovaly, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed \u00fatok m\u00e1 b\u00fdt veden nikoli proti Sic\u00edlii, jak se p\u016fvodn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1valo, n\u00fdbr\u017e proti Sardinii a b\u0159eh\u016fm \u0158ecka. Zpravodajsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu prozkoumala d\u016fkladn\u011b uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00e9 dokumenty a potvrdila, ze jejich hodnov\u011brnost je mimo jak\u00e9koli podez\u0159en\u00ed. V\u0161echny okolnosti nasv\u011bd\u010dovaly tomu, \u017ee zape\u010det\u011bnou ob\u00e1lku s tajn\u00fdmi spojeneck\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny dopravoval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kur\u00fdr, major William Martin, do severni Afriky letadlem, kter\u00e9 havarovalo a z\u0159\u00edtilo se do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. P\u0159\u00edliv pak vyplavil kur\u00fdrovo t\u011blo na b\u0159eh \u0160pan\u011blska. Hitler\u016fv gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1b podnikl okam\u017eit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Vyslal do \u0158ecka mar\u0161\u00e1la Rommela a celou 1. panc\u00e9\u0159ovou divizi k pos\u00edlen\u00ed obrany, ze Sic\u00edlie do \u0158ecka byla tak\u00e9 odesl\u00e1na v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u011bmeck\u00fdch torp\u00e9dov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f, jednotky mocnost\u00ed \u201eOsy&#8220; byly p\u0159esunuty z ji\u017en\u00ed \u010dast\u00ed Sic\u00edlie na sever.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Teprve 14 dn\u00ed po vylod\u011bn\u00ed hlavn\u00edch spojeneck\u00fdch invazn\u00edch sil na jihu Sic\u00edlie Hitler pochopil, \u017ee se stal ob\u011bt\u00ed neoby\u010dejn\u011b rafinovan\u00e9 lsti. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b obdr\u017eel Winston Churchi\u00edl od sv\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu \u0161ifrovanou depe\u0161i tohoto zn\u011bn\u00ed: \u201eMincemeot swalloved whole&#8220; \u2014 \u201eN\u00e1divka spolknuta cel\u00e1&#8220;. Operation Mincemeot \u2014 tak nazval onu lest jej\u00ed inspir\u00e1tor, d\u016fstojn\u00edk zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby britsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva Ewel Montagu. N\u00e1pad byl prost\u00fd \u2014 podvrhnout nacist\u016fm fale\u0161n\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny spojeneck\u00e9 invaze v oblasti St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Pot\u00ed\u017e byla v tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je podvrhnout, aby nevzbudily ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed o nevedly naopak k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed hitlerovc\u016f o prav\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b invaze. To byl tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d lord Ismay necht\u011bl d\u00e1t souhlas k t\u00e9to akci. Ale Churchill nakonec souhlasil, proto\u017ee, jak s\u00e1m prohl\u00e1sil: &#8222;Nic se nem\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t. Jen bl\u00e1zen by mohl pochybovat, \u017ee to bude Sic\u00edlie.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2005\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"william martin tomb\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/william_martin_tomb.jpg\" height=\"478\" width=\"300\" \/>A tak se Ewel Montagu pustil do pr\u00e1ce. Nejd\u0159\u00edve sh\u00e1n\u011bl mrtvolu mu\u017ee ned\u00e1vno zem\u0159el\u00e9ho, jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed by nem\u011bli n\u00e1mitek. Jak se uk\u00e1zalo, nebylo to snadn\u00e9. Po marn\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e se Montagu rozhodl, \u017ee vhodnou mrtvolu odciz\u00ed z patologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, dostal tip na mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny zem\u0159el na z\u00e1pal plic. Z\u00edskal souhlas p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch s podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee jm\u00e9no zem\u0159el\u00e9ho nebude prozrazeno. Montagu ho tedy pok\u0159til na majora Williama Martina, dal mu u\u0161\u00edt uniformu na m\u00edru, opat\u0159il mu doklady, identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtek, nav\u00edc mu do kapes nastrkal \u00fatr\u017eky vstupenek do divadla, v\u00fdpis z bankovn\u00edho konta, fotografii &#8222;snoubenky Pamely&#8220;, jej\u00ed posledn\u00ed milostn\u00fd dopis, dopis od \u201eotce&#8220;, cigarety \u00e1 jin\u00e9 drobnosti, a nakonec zape\u010det\u011bnou ob\u00e1lku s tajn\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny spojeneck\u00e9 invaze, opat\u0159en\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00fdmi podpisy vysok\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad lord Montbatien. Na doporu\u010den\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho britsk\u00e9ho patologa sira Bernarda Spilsburyho byl takto upraven\u00fd a vybaven\u00fd major Martin ulo\u017een do k\u00e1d\u011b se such\u00fdm ledem a p\u0159ipraven k odesl\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edsto ur\u010den\u00ed. 30. dubna 1943 v 04.30 se pobl\u00ed\u017ee \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky Huelvy u \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f vyno\u0159ila britsk\u00e1 ponorka Seraph. Pos\u00e1dka vystoupila na palubu, velitel ponorky N. A. Jewell pronesl kr\u00e1tk\u00fd smute\u010dn\u00ed projev a potom bylo t\u011blo majora n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty Williama Martina se v\u0161emi poctami spu\u0161t\u011bno do mo\u0159e v m\u00edst\u011b, kde se proud vracel k \u00fast\u00ed reky Huelvy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jakmile major Martin splnil sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed \u00fakol, byly jeho poz\u016fstatky ulo\u017eeny na m\u00edstn\u00edm h\u0159bitov\u011b v Huelv\u011b za asistence britsk\u00e9ho vicekonsula ve \u0160pan\u011blsku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u0161e bylo odtajn\u011bno a\u017e ve sborn\u00edku <em>\u201ePsychological Warfare Casebook&#8220;, The John\u00b4s Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1953.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kari\u00e9ra majora britsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty Williama Martina byfo kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, ale zato velmi pozoruhodn\u00e1. A\u010dkoli Martin byl naprosto nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, kdy\u017e nastoupil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2006"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2006"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2006\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}