{"id":201,"date":"2021-01-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-03T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/08\/14\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-v\/"},"modified":"2020-12-28T21:10:05","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T20:10:05","slug":"afghanistan-peklo-paradox-v","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/01\/04\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-v\/","title":{"rendered":"Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n – peklo paradox\u016f (V)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk, vl\u00e1da Talib\u00e1nu, jeho svr\u017een\u00ed, americk\u00e1 okupace. Kde jsou ko\u0159eny tohoto v\u00fdvoje?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"afganistan\"<\/p>\n

Strana bez lid\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy se dokumenty LDSA rodily (polovina \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let), byla strana v hlubok\u00e9 ilegalit\u011b, odtr\u017een\u00e1 od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch starost\u00ed prost\u00fdch Afgh\u00e1nc\u016f, ano, t\u011bch, kter\u00fdm cht\u011bla pomoci. Z jej\u00edch dokument\u016f a z politick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fdc\u016f strany se i pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm a tlakem speci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb SSSR a n\u011bkter\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed socialistick\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed vytr\u00e1cel konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fd \u017eivot a vloudil se tam, k dovr\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 b\u00eddy, jak\u00fdsi neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed sociologick\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br nazvan\u00fd „pracuj\u00edc\u00ed Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu“.<\/p>\n

Na ja\u0159e roku 1967 ileg\u00e1ln\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed stanovy LDSA, kter\u00e9 se ni\u010d\u00edm neli\u0161\u00ed od dokument\u016f stran podobn\u00e9ho typu v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, a nesou jasn\u00fd rukopis moskevsk\u00fdch stranick\u00fdch \u0161kol. Ur\u010duj\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu strany, principy jej\u00ed \u010dinnosti, pr\u00e1va a povinnosti \u010dlen\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neli\u0161\u00ed od pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00ed bulharsk\u00e9, sov\u011btsk\u00e9, rumunsk\u00e9, ma\u010farsk\u00e9 anebo jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 i jin\u00e9 strany zem\u00ed socialistick\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora.<\/p>\n

Roztr\u017eka mezi LDSA a lidem nar\u016fst\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e si toho v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu kdo sta\u010dil pov\u0161imnout.
\nMoskevsk\u00fdm ideolog\u016fm zcela unikaly souvislosti \u017eivota a ekonomick\u00e9ho a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoj e Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Jinak by nemohli do stanov LDSA vsunout nap\u0159\u00edklad paragraf 15, odstavec 2. Prav\u00ed se v n\u011bm mj., \u017ee strana je „avantgardou pracuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed podobou politick\u00e9 organizace d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy“.<\/p>\n

Suslovovi a jeho druh\u016fm prost\u011b nedo\u0161lo, \u017ee v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu d\u011blnick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda v\u016fbec nen\u00ed. Zem\u011bd\u011blci, nevoln\u00edci, pastevci, \u0159emesln\u00edci, mal\u00ed p\u0159ekupn\u00edci a pouli\u010dn\u00ed prodava\u010di, n\u00e1jemci zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, sada\u0159i, vina\u0159i a nad nimi duchovn\u00ed i sv\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed latifundist\u00e9, v\u0161ichni odd\u00e1ni isl\u00e1mu – to je afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. Zastaral\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 skladb\u011b, Evrop\u011b a evropsk\u00e9mu revolu\u010dn\u00edmu teoretick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed naprosto ciz\u00ed. D\u011blat si v n\u00ed n\u00e1roky na politickou hegemonii, na jak\u00fdsi politick\u00fd „svorn\u00edk“ r\u016fznorod\u00fdch duchovn\u00edch, politick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin, bylo nesmysln\u00e9 a nemohlo v\u00e9st jinam, ne\u017e kam to konec konc\u016f ve sv\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch vedlo.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b strana jak v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch monarchistick\u00e9ho, tak od roku 1973 republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho D\u00e1\u00fadova re\u017eimu (tedy ileg\u00e1ln\u011b \u010di pololeg\u00e1ln\u011b), vedla aktivn\u00ed politick\u00fd \u017eivot. Organizovala protestn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, st\u00e1vky, protestn\u00ed pochody o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Vyd\u00e1vala a kolportovala revolu\u010dn\u00ed literaturu.<\/p>\n

Odraz krize socialismu<\/strong><\/p>\n

V d\u011blnick\u00e9m a revolu\u010dn\u00edm hnut\u00ed u\u017e v t\u00e9to dob\u011b vl\u00e1dlo byrokratick\u00e9 velik\u00e1\u0161stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo ze SSSR a zem\u00ed socialistick\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora. Ani tam si nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bli, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00fd socialismus je slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sv\u011btov\u00fd imperialismus, a to po v\u0161ech str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch s v\u00fdjimkou vojensk\u00e9, kde sov\u011btsk\u00e1 p\u0159evaha byla mimo ve\u0161kerou pochybnost. Strany se nenau\u010dily stanovit svou strategii, taktiku a operativu, zpohodln\u011bly v byrokratick\u00e9m \u00fastran\u00ed a domn\u00edvaly se, \u017ee za z\u00e1dy gener\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f arm\u00e1d a speci\u00e1ln\u00edch tajn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb na n\u011b nefouk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n a afgh\u00e1nskou ot\u00e1zku nem\u016f\u017eeme posuzovat odd\u011blen\u011b. Je spojena s hlubokou kriz\u00ed komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad\u011b a s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1nikem socialistick\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed a samotn\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu…<\/p>\n

Z Moskvy, hned po zalo\u017een\u00ed LDSA p\u0159ich\u00e1zely sice rady, aby strana nesp\u011bchala s otev\u0159en\u011b komunistick\u00fdmi hesly a sp\u00ed\u0161e zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala obecn\u011b demokratick\u00fd charakter sv\u00e9 politiky, ov\u0161em tyto rady byly m\u00e1lo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed. Z\u0159\u00eddka reagovaly na situaci, jak\u00e1 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ela v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, a nav\u00edc byly pron\u00e1\u0161eny protektorsk\u00fdm t\u00f3nem, co\u017e samo o sob\u011b odpuzovalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobnosti ve stranick\u00e9m veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0knihy: \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d, T.: Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n – peklo paradox\u016f. Univerze, Praha, 1993<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[54],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3227,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions\/3227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}