{"id":2039,"date":"2021-09-28T17:45:53","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T15:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2014\/10\/12\/den-statnosti-28-zai-nebo-28-ijen\/"},"modified":"2021-10-07T15:53:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:53:21","slug":"den-statnosti-28-zai-nebo-28-ijen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/09\/28\/den-statnosti-28-zai-nebo-28-ijen\/","title":{"rendered":"Den st\u00e1tnosti \u2013 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nebo 28. \u0159\u00edjen?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pam\u00e1tkou na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, symbol st\u00e1tnosti, \u017eiv\u00fd sv\u011bdek minulosti a p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Vznikl na b\u0159idli\u010dnat\u00e9m n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9, jak p\u00ed\u0161e kronik\u00e1\u0159 Kosmas, \u201ezkrucuje se na zp\u016fsob delf\u00edna\u201c. Jeho za\u010d\u00e1tky pat\u0159\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b do let 870-890, zakladatelem byl patrn\u011b kn\u00ed\u017ee Bo\u0159ivoj, kter\u00fd na ostrohu nad Vltavou vybudoval hradi\u0161t\u011b. Po mnoha p\u0159estavb\u00e1ch r. 1303 Hrad vyho\u0159el a z\u016fstal v trosk\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak ho p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu do \u010cech spat\u0159il Karel IV., kter\u00fd pak \u00fadajn\u011b ob\u00fdval d\u016fm U zvonu. Od r. 1419 byl Hrad znovu opu\u0161t\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Karel IV. p\u0159ivedl Hrad k rozmachu. Ve slohu vrcholn\u00e9 gotiky byla budov\u00e1na katedr\u00e1la sv. V\u00edta v m\u00edstech, kde d\u0159\u00edve st\u00e1vala rom\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bazilika, kter\u00e1 nahradila rom\u00e1nskou rotundu z 10. stolet\u00ed. Realiz\u00e1tory c\u00edsa\u0159ov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f byli Maty\u00e1\u0161 z Arrasu a pot\u00e9 Petr Parl\u00e9\u0159.<\/p>\n

Do hradn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce se koncem patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nast\u011bhoval Vladislav Jagellonsk\u00fd. Hrad byl postupn\u011b dostavov\u00e1n a rekonstruov\u00e1n. Pozd\u011bji pro\u0161el mnoha vzestupy a p\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Za c\u00edsa\u0159e Rudolfa II. se stal st\u0159ediskem v\u011bdy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Str\u016fjci neomluviteln\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, kter\u00fdm bylo rozbit\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f r. 1992, p\u0159i\u0159kli zbytkov\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jako den st\u00e1tnosti 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u2013 den pam\u00e1tky sv. V\u00e1clava.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tnost\u00ed m\u00edn\u00edme v\u011bdom\u00ed p\u016fvodu a smyslu st\u00e1t, jeho osobitosti a jeho zam\u011b\u0159enosti.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vem se tedy pt\u00e1me, \u010d\u00edm uveden\u00fd sv\u011btec k ustaven\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti p\u0159isp\u011bl? Pokusme se ur\u010dit jeho m\u00edsto v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch nejstar\u0161\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu koncem 9. a 10. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po z\u00e1niku Velkomoravsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e se p\u0159esunulo j\u00e1dro budouc\u00edho z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu do \u010cech. Ma\u010farsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d odd\u011blil od n\u00e1s Slov\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed v ma\u010farsk\u00e9m podru\u010d\u00ed z\u016fstali po dlouh\u00e1 stolet\u00ed. \u010cech\u016fm se tehdy poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b s\u00edlil a sl\u00e1bl ve st\u00e1l\u00e9m pot\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed s mocn\u00fdmi sousedy.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1t vznikl \u00fasil\u00edm kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edho rodu P\u0159emyslovc\u016f, kter\u00fd mezi ostatn\u00edmi kmenov\u00fdmi kn\u00ed\u017eaty nabyl p\u0159evahy. Sv\u016fj p\u016fvod odvozoval od m\u00fdtick\u00e9ho P\u0159emysla-Or\u00e1\u010de. Prvn\u00edm historicky dolo\u017een\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem byl kn\u00ed\u017ee Bo\u0159ivoj. Dobrovoln\u011b p\u0159ijal k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, aby se chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed n\u00e1silnou christianizac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ideologicky za\u0161ti\u0165ovala feud\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdboje z\u00e1padn\u00edch soused\u016f (Frank\u016f, Bavor\u016f, Sas\u016f) pod heslem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00edry a vymycov\u00e1n\u00ed pohanstv\u00ed. (V boj\u00edch pod touto z\u00e1minkou zanikly \u010detn\u00e9 slovansk\u00e9 kmeny na Labi i v Pobalt\u00ed.)<\/p>\n

Bo\u0159ivoj p\u0159ijal k\u0159est kolem roku 880 z rukou Metod\u011bjov\u00fdch. V Praze zavedl k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho ritu, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili jazykem staroslov\u011bnsk\u00fdm. Av\u0161ak ma\u010farsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uher nezp\u016fsobil jen z\u00e1nik Velk\u00e9 Moravy, ale p\u0159eru\u0161il i spojen\u00ed jej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s Byzanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed bylo obr\u00e1ceno na ritus z\u00e1padn\u00ed, ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd \u0158\u00edmem a latinskou liturgi\u00ed. (Slovansk\u00e1 bohoslu\u017eba do\u017e\u00edvala u n\u00e1s tu a tam do 12. stolet\u00ed. Karel IV. se ji pokusil obnovit ve 14. stolet\u00ed v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e Emauzy.)<\/p>\n

Bo\u0159ivojovi n\u00e1stupci osv\u011bd\u010dovali diplomaticky sebez\u00e1chovnou k\u0159es\u0165anskou orientaci<\/strong><\/p>\n

stavbou kostel\u016f, zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f, p\u0159\u00edzn\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00edm, reverenc\u00ed c\u00edrkvi. V \u00fasil\u00ed o zalo\u017een\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho biskupstv\u00ed (stalo se r. 973) lze spat\u0159ovat \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 dovr\u0161en\u00ed snahy z\u00edskat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed centrum a t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru nez\u00e1vislosti na ciz\u00edch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a jejich sv\u011btsk\u00fdch spojenc\u00edch a ochr\u00e1nc\u00edch. Lze si p\u0159edstavit tehdej\u0161\u00ed rozporupln\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed feud\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v na\u0161\u00ed zemi, sv\u00e1ry z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch skupin sv\u011btsk\u00fdch i c\u00edrkevn\u00edch o \u00fa\u010dast na moci a majetku, formov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch postoj\u016f a n\u00e1zor\u016f i pod vlivem v\u011brnosti tradic\u00edm \u010di p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00edry, demonstraci vztah\u016f k feud\u00e1ln\u00edm trend\u016fm mocensk\u00fdm i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm, chov\u00e1n\u00ed loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed i opozi\u010dn\u00ed, konformitu up\u0159\u00edmnou i jen p\u0159edst\u00edranou.<\/p>\n

\u010ctvrt\u00fd P\u0159emyslovec<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do tohoto obdob\u00ed spad\u00e1 i \u017eivot kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava (922-929 nebo snad 935), \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho P\u0159emyslovce na pra\u017esk\u00e9m kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00edm stolci.<\/p>\n

O jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v\u00edme m\u00e1lo. Existuje vlastn\u011b jedin\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va sask\u00e9ho kronik\u00e1\u0159e mnicha Widukinda, \u017ee asi r. 929 obnovil poplatnost \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b Jind\u0159ichu I. Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edkovi, zakladateli sask\u00e9 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynastie.<\/p>\n

Jak k tomu do\u0161lo a v \u010dem ta poplatnost spo\u010d\u00edvala, nev\u00edme. Vyk\u0159i\u010denou dod\u00e1vku \u201e120 vol\u016f a 500 h\u0159iven st\u0159\u00edbra\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed a\u017e Kosmas (+1125) a ten ji zn\u00e1 jen z doslechu.<\/p>\n

Doklady o tom chyb\u011bj\u00ed. Historicky vzato, skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro \u010deskou st\u00e1tnost t\u00e9 doby m\u011bli dal\u0161\u00ed dva P\u0159emyslovci, Boleslav I. a Boleslav II., t\u00edm, \u017ee roz\u0161i\u0159ovali a upev\u0148ovali st\u00e1t. O skute\u010dn\u00fdch \u00famyslech a \u010dinech kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava nem\u00e1me historicky hodnov\u011brn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. Auto\u0159i dramat o V\u00e1clavovi a jeho bratru Boleslavovi, o jejich sporu a n\u00e1siln\u00e9 V\u00e1clavov\u011b smrti, se sice sna\u017eili vystihnout charakterov\u00e9 rysy obou hrdin\u016f, jejich vlastnosti a motivy, ale jsou to jen b\u00e1snick\u00e9 fikce. Ve skute\u010dnosti o tom nev\u00edme nic.<\/p>\n

Sv. V\u00e1clav je hrdinou oslavn\u00fdch a svato\u0159e\u010div\u00fdch legend, b\u00e1snick\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f, kter\u00e9 ho pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b horliv\u00e9ho \u0161i\u0159itele k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, sv\u011btce a mu\u010dedn\u00edka. zast\u00e1val pr\u00fd politiku nen\u00e1sil\u00ed a m\u00edru, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 pokory a l\u00e1sky. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed legendy o jeho \u017eivot\u011b a umu\u010den\u00ed (podobn\u011b jako o \u017eivot\u011b a umu\u010den\u00ed jeho babi\u010dky Ludmily) byly skl\u00e1d\u00e1ny staroslov\u011bnsky, dal\u0161\u00ed ji\u017e latinsky. Byly to prost\u0159edky tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 propagace, c\u00edrkev jimi z\u00edsk\u00e1vala v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enosti. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v osob\u011b sv. V\u00e1clava a jeho kultu z\u00edskala postavu mu\u010dedn\u00edka pro v\u00edru, sv\u011btce a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho patrona v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m spojen\u00ed nebesy.<\/p>\n

Kult se \u00fa\u010delov\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il kolem zalo\u017een\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho biskupstv\u00ed (973) a v dob\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed biskupa Vojt\u011bcha Slavn\u00edkovce (+997). Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee gloriola sv\u011btce, kter\u00e1 obklopila \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho P\u0159emyslovce, m\u011bla sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam nejen pro c\u00edrkev, ale i pro sv\u011btskou moc, pro dynastickou politiku vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho rodu. P\u0159emysl-Or\u00e1\u010d byl sice dokladem rodov\u00e9 starobylosti, nikoli v\u0161ak z\u00e1rukou pro danou dobu ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch ctnost\u00ed a sv\u00e1tosti. A tak se stal sv. V\u00e1clav i patronem, ochr\u00e1ncem a zprost\u0159edkovatelem bo\u017e\u00ed milosti pro vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed P\u0159emyslovce. Ocitl se na minc\u00edch, na pe\u010det\u00edch, na korouhv\u00edch. Vyvrcholen\u00edm kultu bylo gesto Karla IV., kter\u00fd kr\u00e1lovskou korunu a korunova\u010dn\u00ed klenoty sv\u011b\u0159il p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 sv\u011btcov\u011b ochran\u011b a prop\u016fj\u010dil jim tak kouzlo nadp\u0159irozen\u00e9 moci.<\/p>\n

Shodou okolnost\u00ed v kn\u00ed\u017eeti V\u00e1clavovi na\u0161el sv\u00e9ho hrdinu i n\u00e1rod. V p\u016fsobiv\u00e9m chor\u00e1lu, patrn\u011b za zl\u00fdch let braniborsk\u00fdch ve 13. st., se k n\u011bmu obr\u00e1til s prosbou o bo\u017eskou p\u0159\u00edmluvu a pomoc. Chor\u00e1l byl dopln\u011bn dal\u0161\u00edmi slokami v dob\u011b husitsk\u00e9: \u201eNedej zahynouti n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm…\u201c A \u201ev\u00e9voda \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kn\u00ed\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161\u201c, na n\u00ed zpodoben jen v nezapomenuteln\u00e9 skladb\u011b hudebn\u00ed, kterou cituj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch d\u00edlech na\u0161i klasi\u010dt\u00ed skladatel\u00e9 (nap\u0159. A. Dvo\u0159\u00e1k nebo J. Suk), ale zn\u00e1me jej i v nejednom zp\u0159edm\u011btn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m. Po mal\u00ed\u0159\u00edch J. M\u00e1nesovi a M. Al\u0161ovi vytvo\u0159il jeho postavu J. V. Myslbek. Sed\u00ed na statn\u00e9m koni na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, obklopen \u010desk\u00fdmi sv\u011btci. Nen\u00ed to exaltovan\u00fd sv\u011btec-mu\u010dedn\u00edk, ale \u010dlov\u011bk zdrav\u00fd na t\u011ble i na duchu. Nen\u00ed to v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk, dobyvatel, ale ryt\u00ed\u0159, ochr\u00e1nce. M\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed povahov\u00e9 vlastnosti a ide\u00e1ly sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. Je state\u010dn\u00fd, opravdov\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd, v\u011brn\u00fd, proz\u00edrav\u00fd. Je hrdinou z nutnosti, na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho o\u0159e sed\u00e1 jen k obran\u011b cti a pr\u00e1v sv\u00e9ho lidu. M\u00e1 magickou s\u00edlu a moc. Pov\u011bst vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee se kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 se sv\u00fdmi bojovn\u00edky v nitru Blan\u00edka. A odtud vyjede na b\u00edl\u00e9m koni, a\u017e bude na\u0161i zemi nejh\u016f\u0159… Je s n\u00e1mi v dob\u011b hladomor\u016f a v\u00e1lek, v dob\u011b nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho temna jako symbol n\u00e1roda a vlasti.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edm roce 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, za \u010dasu \u00fazkosti a bolesti vydal Karel Toman sb\u00edrku M\u011bs\u00edce, poselstv\u00ed nad\u011bje. Ocitujme alespo\u0148 m\u011bs\u00edc Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. \u201eM\u016fj bratr dooral a vyp\u0159\u00e1h\u2018 kon\u011b, a jak se stm\u00edv\u00e1, hlavu do h\u0159\u00edvy rodn\u00e9mu druhu polo\u017eil ti\u0161e a zaposlouchal se, co mluv\u00ed kraj… Zn\u00ed zvony zd\u00e1lky tich\u00fdm svatve\u010derem, modlitba vesnic stoup\u00e1 chladn\u00fdm \u0161erem. Duch zem\u011b zp\u00edv\u00e1: \u00fazkost, v\u00edra, bolest v jedin\u00fd chor\u00e1l slily se a let\u00ed k v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9mu nebi. Svat\u00fd V\u00e1clave, nedej zahynouti n\u00e1m ni budouc\u00edm.\u201c<\/p>\n

A t\u00fd\u017e b\u00e1sn\u00edk v\u00edt\u00e1 ver\u0161i T. G. Masaryka po n\u00e1vratu do vlasti 1918 a pak se s n\u00edm lou\u010d\u00ed roku 1937. Po obakr\u00e1t opakuje refr\u00e9n: \u201e\u017dehnej ti svat\u00fd V\u00e1clav a mistr Jan.\u201c<\/p>\n

A do t\u0159etice p\u0159ipome\u0148me v\u00fdzvu Franti\u0161ka Halase z r. 1938: \u201eMyslete na chor\u00e1l, malov\u011brn\u00ed, myslete na chor\u00e1l… k\u016f\u0148 V\u00e1clav\u016fv, k\u016f\u0148 bronzov\u00fd se v\u010dera v noci t\u0159\u00e1s, a kn\u00ed\u017ee kop\u00ed pot\u011b\u017ekal…\u201c<\/p>\n

Sleduj\u00edce tradici kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava v na\u0161ich d\u011bjin\u00e1ch, nem\u016f\u017eeme opomenout ani jej\u00ed dezinterpretaci a falzifikaci v dob\u011b tzv. 2. republiky.<\/p>\n

Zneu\u017eit\u00ed jm\u00e9na<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody (30. 9.1938) obsadila nacistick\u00e1 vojska na\u0161e pohrani\u010d\u00ed. Ztratili jsme jednu t\u0159etinu \u00fazem\u00ed s 1 250 000 obyvatel \u010desk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti, 40 % v\u0161eho pr\u016fmyslu a v\u011bt\u0161inu surovinov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, p\u0159erv\u00e1ny byly dopravn\u00ed spoje, zni\u010den obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Ale hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e materi\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty byly ztr\u00e1ty mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, rozklad politick\u00e9ho a ideov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu i republiky.<\/p>\n

Prezident E. Bene\u0161 abdikoval, na jeho m\u00edsto byl zvolen p\u0159edstavitel nov\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed ideje E. H\u00e1cha. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor se naplnil hrub\u00fdm \u0161tvan\u00edm, hanoben\u00edm a tupen\u00edm p\u0159edchoz\u00edho dvacetilet\u00ed, obou prezident\u016f a jejich d\u00edla, budov\u00e1n\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ide\u00e1l\u016f ob\u010dansk\u00e9 demokracie, humanity, svobody a rovnosti.<\/p>\n

Zvedla se vlna nen\u00e1visti k v\u0161emu demokratick\u00e9mu a vlasteneck\u00e9mu, k n\u00e1rodn\u00edm tradic\u00edm, i odboji, legion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, socialist\u016fm, komunist\u016fm. Ide\u00e1lem se stala p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 mocn\u00e9ho souseda, spokojenost s vlastn\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzenost\u00ed, p\u00fdcha na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k velk\u00e9mu celku Velkon\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Josef \u010capek v listopadu 1938 napsal: \u201eCo jste \u0161tv\u00e1\u010di, travi\u010di, spekulanti bez sv\u011bdom\u00ed ud\u011blali z n\u00e1roda, z lidu Masarykova poh\u0159bu, V\u0161esokolsk\u00e9ho sletu, mobilizace. Ne ztracen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed, ale toto je n\u00e1rodn\u00ed katastrofa.\u201c U\u0161tv\u00e1n t\u011bmito \u201etravi\u010di\u201c o m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji skonal jeho bratr Karel \u010capek.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 st\u00e1tnost pot\u0159ebovala ikonu, obraz, ide\u00e1l, osobnost, kter\u00e1 by ji personifikovala a p\u0159isp\u011bla k jej\u00ed legitimaci a adoraci. Tuto osobnost si dramaturgov\u00e9 2. republiky na\u0161li v kn\u00ed\u017eeti V\u00e1clavovi.<\/p>\n

J. Rataj zrozen\u00ed svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 tradice 2. republiky (a pot\u00e9 protektor\u00e1tu) l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed takto:<\/p>\n

\u201eT\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9ho listopadu 1938, po sv\u00e9m zvolen\u00ed prezidentem \u010cesko-slovensk\u00e9 republiky, Emil H\u00e1cha vkle\u010de p\u0159ed stoj\u00edc\u00edm pra\u017esk\u00fdm arcibiskupem kardin\u00e1lem Karlem Ka\u0161parem pol\u00edbil lebku sv. kn\u00ed\u017eete V\u00e1clava. O den pozd\u011bji nov\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 Beranova vl\u00e1da po slo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho slibu zah\u00e1jila svou pr\u00e1ci katolickou m\u0161\u00ed a spole\u010dnou svatov\u00e1clavskou modlitbou ministr\u016f. Oba akty, za konfesijn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed prvn\u00ed republiky nemysliteln\u00e9, vyzdvi\u017een\u00edm sv. V\u00e1clava na st\u00e1tn\u00ed piedestal demonstrovaly konzervativn\u011b autorit\u00e1\u0159skou a tradicionalistickou orientaci nov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tnost 2. republiky tak programov\u011b zp\u0159etrhala kontinuitu s modern\u00edmi svobodomysln\u00fdmi hodnotami Washingtonsk\u00e9 deklarace z r. 1918, z nich\u017e vych\u00e1zela prvorepublikov\u00e1 idea st\u00e1tu.\u201c Sv. V\u00e1clav m\u011bl n\u00e1m pom\u00e1hat \u201eb\u00fdt dobr\u00fdmi \u010cechy a spolehliv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky \u0158\u00ed\u0161e\u201c. Posun t\u00e9to st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed ideje za okupace spo\u010d\u00edval v hlub\u0161\u00ed identifikaci \u010cecha s \u0159\u00ed\u0161skou my\u0161lenkou a nacistick\u00fdm evropanstv\u00edm. Kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav se prom\u011bnil \u201ev nel\u00edtostn\u00e9ho v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd vede sv\u00e9 \u00e1rijsk\u00e9 \u010cechy do boje proti \u017eid\u016fm, \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, odboji, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, USA a Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu.\u201c (J. Rataj)<\/p>\n

Zneu\u017eit\u00ed V\u00e1clavova jm\u00e9na a jeho \u00fadajn\u00e9ho poddansk\u00e9ho sm\u00ed\u0159livectv\u00ed vyvrcholilo ustaven\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 orlice, kter\u00fd se ud\u00edlel za z\u00e1sluhy jako vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed kolaborant\u016fm a zr\u00e1dc\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Slav\u00edme 28. \u0159\u00edjen!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odm\u00edt\u00e1me hrub\u00e9, ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 a zcela \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 dezinterpretace svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00fdch tradic a ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrumilovn\u00e9ho postoje s horlivost\u00ed podrobit se ciz\u00edm uchvatitel\u016fm. Ale i kdy\u017e z\u016fstaneme jen u pozitivn\u00edch tradic, kter\u00e9 jsou spjaty s jeho jm\u00e9nem, mus\u00edme se pt\u00e1t znovu, \u010d\u00edm se kn\u00ed\u017ee V\u00e1clav zaslou\u017eil o \u010deskou st\u00e1tnost? Co m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd dynastick\u00fd sv\u011btec \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed a pot\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze vz\u00fdvan\u00fd ochr\u00e1nce podroben\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda v dob\u011b ztracen\u00e9 samostatnosti s na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasnou st\u00e1tnost\u00ed v 21. stolet\u00ed? On je p\u0159ece typickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed teokratick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dy, vl\u00e1dy z bo\u017e\u00ed milosti, kter\u00e1 je z bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fle vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed dynasti\u00ed prop\u016fj\u010dena, a proto je posv\u00e1tn\u00e1, nedotknuteln\u00e1, nezm\u011bniteln\u00e1. Podvrhovat n\u00e1m dnes svatov\u00e1clavskou tradici znamen\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159et zcela fale\u0161nou p\u0159edstavu o z\u00e1kladu novodob\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti.<\/p>\n

Prav\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem na\u0161eho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu je 28. \u0159\u00edjen 1918. Tento den symbolizuje vznik \u010ceskoslovenska jako v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 dovr\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edch proces\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed. Ne od smrti pokorn\u00e9ho mu\u010dedn\u00edka, ale od z\u00e1pasu a v\u016fle lidu, kter\u00fd bojoval nejen perem, ale i se zbran\u00ed v ruce, datujeme svou novodobou st\u00e1tnost. N\u011bkolik generac\u00ed tvo\u0159iv\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed u n\u00e1s i na Slovensku polo\u017eilo postupn\u011b sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem z\u00e1klady na\u0161\u00ed novodob\u00e9 kultury i politiky. Poda\u0159ilo se jim vr\u00e1tit ob\u011b etnika, odsouzen\u00e1 k z\u00e1niku, mezi evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody. Poda\u0159ilo se to d\u00edk ob\u011btavosti, vz\u00e1jemnosti a hrdinstv\u00ed \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se na vzniku nov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu pod\u00edleli. A vznikl tak st\u00e1t republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd a demokratick\u00fd, zru\u0161il monarchii, dynastick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky a \u0161lechtick\u00e1 privilegia. Zavedl principy demokratick\u00e9 rovnosti, svobodomyslnosti a sebev\u011bdom\u00e9 hrdosti, podlo\u017een\u00e9 poctivou prac\u00ed, samoz\u0159ejmou komunikaci se sv\u011btem a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdmi kulturn\u00edmi a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi ambicemi. Tato st\u00e1tnost byla po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a okupaci obnovena a tato st\u00e1tnost a nic jin\u00e9ho nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladem jak\u00e9koli mysliteln\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti novodob\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f a Slov\u00e1k\u016f, i kdy\u017e se dnes ocitaj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fatvarech.<\/p>\n

Prof. PhDr. STANISLAVA KU\u010cEROV\u00c1<\/p>\n

Zdroj: http:\/\/www.slovanskyvyborcr.cz\/SloVza\/SloVza178.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pam\u00e1tkou na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, symbol st\u00e1tnosti, \u017eiv\u00fd sv\u011bdek minulosti a p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[266],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2039"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3334,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039\/revisions\/3334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}