{"id":204,"date":"2021-03-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-19T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/08\/25\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-viii\/"},"modified":"2021-03-16T22:37:21","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T21:37:21","slug":"afghanistan-peklo-paradox-viii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/03\/20\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n &#8211; peklo paradox\u016f (VIII)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk, vl\u00e1da Talib\u00e1nu, jeho svr\u017een\u00ed, americk\u00e1 okupace. Kde jsou ko\u0159eny tohoto v\u00fdvoje?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"  alignleft wp-image-196\" style=\"height: 125px; margin: 5px; text-align: justify; width: 100px;\" title=\"afganistan\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/08\/afganistan.jpg\" alt=\"afganistan\" width=\"97\" height=\"120\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Druh\u00e1 strana<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vra\u0165me sek druh\u00e9 stran\u011b na afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9m pololeg\u00e1ln\u00edm politick\u00e9m jevi\u0161ti. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura par\u010damist\u016f se od Tarak\u00edho strany li\u0161ila. Karmal soust\u0159edil kolem sebe lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed poch\u00e1zeli z bohat\u00fdch, n\u011bkdy dokonce velmi z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdch rodin, z\u00e1stupce vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho arm\u00e1dn\u00edho veden\u00ed, duchovenstva, \u0161pi\u010dek inteligence, byli to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u00e1bul\u0161t\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se nad Tarakiho halkisty vyvy\u0161ovali t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1roda, \u017ee v revolu\u010dn\u00edm hnut\u00ed jsou kvalitativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed strukturou. V\u011bc m\u011bla je\u0161t\u011b jeden aspekt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zat\u00edmco halkist\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli z moskevsk\u00fdch \u0161kol, kter\u00e9 byly, p\u0159es v\u0161echny v\u00fdhrady, je\u017e k nim dnes m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt, \u0161kolami komunistick\u00fdmi, \u0161kolami zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na studiu marxismu-leninismu, v Karmalov\u011b stran\u011b to se vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm vypadalo trochu jinak.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dobr\u00fd zvyk bohat\u00fdch afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rodin velel, aby syn\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 z tzv. &#8222;lep\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti&#8220; studovali na Z\u00e1pad\u011b. Naprostou p\u0159ednost m\u011bly vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly v USA a SRN, kter\u00e9 se pokl\u00e1daly za presti\u017en\u00ed. Po nich n\u00e1sledovaly \u0161koly britsk\u00e9, francouzsk\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 holandsk\u00e9. Mnoz\u00ed z nich z\u00edskali vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na privilegovan\u00fdch lyce\u00edch v K\u00e1bulu, kter\u00e1 byla dostupn\u00e1 jen nejbohat\u0161\u00edm z bohat\u00fdch. Prost\u011b: kolem Karmala se shroma\u017e\u010fovala elita se v\u0161\u00edm, co k tomuto v\u00fdrazu n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. V afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 stran\u011b vznikala situace, jak\u00e1 nem\u011bla v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch revolu\u010dn\u00edho hnut\u00ed a revoluc\u00ed obdoby. Par\u010damist\u00e9 byli v politick\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e um\u00edrn\u011bni a p\u0159ed revoluc\u00ed d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost cest\u011b postupn\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00edch reforem, za co\u017e by jim dnes ru\u0161t\u00ed politi\u010dt\u00ed dezert\u00e9\u0159i &#8211; Gorba\u010dovem po\u010d\u00ednaje a Jakovlevem \u010di \u0160evamadzem kon\u010de, zajist\u00e9 zatleskali.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rozpory, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bly st\u00e1t glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi, zr\u00e1ly potichu. V afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 stran\u011b, o kter\u00e9 ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let m\u00e1lokdo v\u011bd\u011bl, a sotva kdo se o ni staral. Rozpory mezi halkisty a par\u010damisty spo\u010d\u00edvaly zejm\u00e9na v tom, \u017ee i par\u010damist\u00e9 se pova\u017eovali za revolucion\u00e1\u0159e, dokonce za revolucion\u00e1\u0159e puncovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017eli chudina spojen\u00e1 s hnut\u00edm Halk, proto\u017ee i ze Z\u00e1padu, a v ur\u010dit\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch zejm\u00e9na ze Z\u00e1padu, bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 si p\u0159in\u00e9st vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed marxisticko-leninsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. To si par\u010damist\u00e9 p\u0159inesli. Pova\u017eovali se tedy za vedouc\u00ed s\u00edlu. Za skute\u010dn\u00e9 marxisty-leninovce.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Z\u00a0knihy: \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d, T.: Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n &#8211; peklo paradox\u016f. Univerze, Praha, 1993<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[54],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3263,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions\/3263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}