{"id":205,"date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-28T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2006\/08\/28\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-ix\/"},"modified":"2021-03-16T22:39:50","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T21:39:50","slug":"afghanistan-peklo-paradox-ix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/03\/29\/afghanistan-peklo-paradox-ix\/","title":{"rendered":"Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n – peklo paradox\u016f (IX)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk, vl\u00e1da Talib\u00e1nu, jeho svr\u017een\u00ed, americk\u00e1 okupace. Kde jsou ko\u0159eny tohoto v\u00fdvoje?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Revolucion\u00e1\u0159i<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"afganistan\"<\/p>\n

Ne\u0161lo jen o parlamentn\u00ed tahanice o k\u0159esla, pozice, postaven\u00ed, ale o rozkol ve stran\u011b, nav\u00edc ve stran\u011b, kter\u00e1 pracovala ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a teoreticky byla p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 velmi nedokonale. Organiza\u010dn\u00ed roztr\u017eka m\u00e1 trvat cel\u00e9 desetilet\u00ed a \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsob\u00ed, si lze jen t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edstavit…<\/p>\n

Politick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce obou frakc\u00ed se soust\u0159e\u010fovala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na pokrokovou, nebo k pokroku t\u00edhnouc\u00ed inteligenci a progresivn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edky, proto\u017ee z\u00e1klad revolu\u010dn\u00edho hnut\u00ed, vysp\u011bl\u00e1 d\u011blnick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda, prost\u011b chyb\u011bl.<\/p>\n

Nezapome\u0148me na obrovskou nevzd\u011blanost obyvatel\u00a0 Afg\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, na jejich negramotnost. Ob\u011b frakce st\u00e1ly p\u0159ed ot\u00e1zkou – jak p\u0159ipravit revoluci, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 osvobodit proletari\u00e1t, tam, kde proletari\u00e1t nen\u00ed. Par\u010damist\u00e9 vyu\u017eili v z\u00e1jmu revolu\u010dn\u00edho boje i parlament. Na konci \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let vytvo\u0159ili dokonce zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed organizace, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pracovat mezi \u017eenami, co\u017e je v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost nesm\u00edme spletit\u00e1. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b nov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek bylo dost. Hnut\u00ed se na n\u011b pokou\u0161elo na z\u00e1klad\u011b zku\u0161enost\u00ed odpov\u00eddat. A ub\u00edjelo se ve frak\u010dn\u00edm boji.<\/p>\n

Dva kohouti na jednom „smeti\u0161ti“<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kamenem \u00farazu byla cti\u017e\u00e1dost a tahanice o m\u00edsta v \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdboru a zejm\u00e9na ot\u00e1zka kandid\u00e1ta na m\u00edsto gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka. Byli dva N.M. Tarak\u00ed a B. Karmal. Necht\u011bli (a bu\u010fme up\u0159\u00edmn\u00ed, ani nemohli) si navz\u00e1jem ustoupit ani o krok. Teprve v srpnu 1975 se jim poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b spole\u010dnou \u0159e\u010d a sbl\u00ed\u017eit sv\u00e1 stanoviska. Teprve tady vznikly jak\u00e9si z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro spolupr\u00e1ci obou frakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1977 vnitropolitick\u00e1 situace v zemi znova zost\u0159ila ot\u00e1zku jednoty a urychlila organiza\u010dn\u00ed znovu sjednocen\u00ed strany. V \u010dervnu 1977 podepsali Tarak\u00ed a Karmal Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o jednot\u011b LDSA. Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 se konalo sjednocuj\u00edc\u00ed zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch v\u00fdbor\u016f Halk a Par\u010dam. Jednota LDSA se (jak\u017e tak\u017e) obnovila. Gener\u00e1ln\u00edm tajemn\u00edkem se stal N.M. Tarak\u00ed. (Na sjednocovac\u00ed konferenci byl zvolen nov\u00fd t\u0159iceti \u010dlenn\u00fd \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdbor a deseti\u010dlenn\u00e9 p\u0159edsednictvo. Jeho \u010dleny byli – N.M. Tarak\u00ed, B. Kannal, G.D. Pandseri, K. Mis\u00e1le, \u0160. VaK, N. A. Nur, B. \u0160afi, S. Lajek, S. A. Kestmand, S.M. Zeraj (5 ku 5). Vedly se ostr\u00e9 debaty kotem osobnosti H. Am\u00edna, kter\u00e9mu v obou frakc\u00edch mnoz\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159ili \u010c\u00e1st halkist\u016f a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni par\u010damist\u00e9 kategoricky vystoupili proti jeho zvolen\u00ed do politbyra \u00daV LDSA. Nehled\u00ed na podporu Tarak\u00edho H. Amin z\u016fstal pouze \u010dlenem \u00daV. (Afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fd utajen\u00fd pramen, zpr\u00e1va p\u0159ed\u00e1na \u00fastn\u011b v r. 1978)<\/p>\n

Nezapome\u0148te na arm\u00e1du!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sjednocovac\u00ed proces v\u0161ak nebyl d\u016fsledn\u00fd. Nesl v\u0161echny stopy jak osobn\u00edch ambic\u00ed, tak nezku\u0161enosti \u0159\u00eddit pr\u00e1ci v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011brech. Doch\u00e1zelo k paradox\u016fm, o kter\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eko rozhodnout, jsou-li k sm\u00edchu, nebo k pl\u00e1\u010di. Tak do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry izolovan\u00e1 z\u016fstala skupina d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, jeden z n\u011bj d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stavebn\u00edch kamen\u016f strany.<\/p>\n

Vinou H. Am\u00edna, politick\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka Tarak\u00edho, se vojensk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st organiza\u010dn\u011b nespojila. Am\u00edn prohla\u0161oval, \u017ee je to nutn\u00e9 z konspira\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Ov\u0161em konspir\u00e1torsk\u00fd stihomam Am\u00edn\u016fv \u0161el tak daleko, \u017ee d\u016fstojn\u00edci o sob\u011b nev\u011bd\u011bli, proto \u010dasto vznikaly z\u00e1pletky, kter\u00e9 nahr\u00e1valy t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edmu nep\u0159\u00edteli a mnoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci vojensk\u00e9 frakce a\u017e po vzniku jednotn\u00fdch stranick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed v l\u00e9t\u011b 1978 s \u00fadivem zji\u0161\u0165ovali, \u017ee ti, kter\u00e9 pokl\u00e1dali za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 agenty, pat\u0159ili ke stejn\u00e9 stran\u011b.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u011b s LDSA sehr\u00e1la v\u00e1\u017enou \u00falohu v politick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci mezi voj\u00e1ky a d\u016fstojn\u00edky samostatn\u00e1 organizace zvan\u00e1 Jednotn\u00e1 fronta komunist\u016f Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu (JFKA), vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v arm\u00e1d\u011b roku 1974 pod veden\u00edm plukovn\u00edka A. Kadyra. Ideologicky m\u011bla sice bl\u00edzko k LDSA, ale v praxi vsadila pouze na nov\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159evrat.<\/p>\n

Sjednoceni halkist\u016f a par\u010damist\u016f a obnoven\u00ed jednoty LDSA, jakkoli bylo asi form\u00e1ln\u00ed, m\u011blo nesporn\u011b sv\u016fj kladn\u00fd vliv na dal\u0161\u00ed procesy v afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9m revolu\u010dn\u00edm hnut\u00ed. Brzy po sjednocen\u00ed se d\u016fstojnick\u00e1 JFKA rozhodla nav\u00e1zat u\u017e\u0161\u00ed styky s veden\u00edm LDSA a nakonec voj\u00e1ci po\u017e\u00e1dali o sjednocen\u00ed s LDSA. Po nedlouh\u00fdch, a na afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pom\u011bry hladce prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch se ob\u011b skupiny dohodly, a afgh\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci z Kadyrova uskupen\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li i organiza\u010dn\u011b do LDSA.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0knihy: \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d, T.: Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n – peklo paradox\u016f. Univerze, Praha, 1993<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n je zem\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 sly\u0161\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b ji\u017e od konce 70. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Revoluce, 10 let p\u016fsoben\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[54],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3265,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205\/revisions\/3265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}