{"id":2151,"date":"2014-09-19T17:39:58","date_gmt":"2014-09-19T15:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2014\/09\/19\/kosovo-pole-vitzstvi-i-tragedie-jednoho-naroda\/"},"modified":"2014-09-19T17:39:58","modified_gmt":"2014-09-19T15:39:58","slug":"kosovo-pole-vitzstvi-i-tragedie-jednoho-naroda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2014\/09\/19\/kosovo-pole-vitzstvi-i-tragedie-jednoho-naroda\/","title":{"rendered":"Kosovo pole \u2013 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed i trag\u00e9die jednoho n\u00e1roda"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"kosovo-pole\"Ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod nese ve sv\u00e9 historii mnoh\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed i por\u00e1\u017eky. M\u00e1lokter\u00fd n\u00e1rod pak sd\u00edl\u00ed podobn\u00fd osud jako Srbov\u00e9, jejich\u017e historie dot\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b Kosova pole byla znovu rozhodnuta po v\u00edce jak \u0161esti stolet\u00edch kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed tohoto posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nestalo se tak v bitv\u011b, ale na jin\u00e9m boji\u0161ti, v hlav\u00e1ch t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va d\u011blaj\u00ed c\u00e1r pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Byly v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch r\u016fzn\u00e9 bitvy, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i ty m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9. Je pak m\u00e1lo bitev, kter\u00e9 zanechaj\u00ed v pora\u017een\u00e9m pocit v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a hrdosti n\u00e1roda po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 bitva se odehr\u00e1la 15. \u010dervna 1389 a je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okam\u017eik\u016f srbsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch d\u011bjin. Pobl\u00ed\u017e kosovsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Pri\u0161tiny v hlubok\u00e9 kotlin\u011b nazvan\u00e9 Kosovo pole se v uveden\u00e9m roce na den svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta st\u0159etla arm\u00e1da osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e se srbsk\u00fdmi vojsky a jejich spojenci Bos\u0148any, Bulhary, Uhry i Alb\u00e1nci. Do rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitvy je vedl nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed srbsk\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee Lazar Hrebeljanovi\u010d, kter\u00fd velel srbsk\u00e9mu vojsku, je\u017e neslo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed t\u00edhu osmansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1poru, v jeho\u017e \u010dele st\u00e1l sult\u00e1n Murad I. Po stalet\u00edch nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, jak samotn\u00e1 bitva prob\u00edhala.<\/p>\n

Historick\u00e9 prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159edve\u010der bitvy byl tureck\u00fd sult\u00e1n smrteln\u011b zran\u011bn srbsk\u00fdm ryt\u00ed\u0159em Milo\u0161em Obili\u010dem (n\u011bkter\u00e9 prameny uv\u00e1d\u00ed Kobili\u010dem). Smrt vojev\u016fdce m\u011bla znamenat ukon\u010den\u00ed bitvy p\u0159ed jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tkem, ale opak se stal pravdou. Tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak rozpoutala ve st\u0159edov\u011bku nev\u00eddanou bou\u0159i. Konflikt se zm\u011bnil v nev\u00eddanou \u0159e\u017e.<\/p>\n

Bajazi\u010d I. \u0159e\u010den\u00fd Ildirim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento nevlastn\u00ed Murad\u016fv syn se postavil do \u010dela osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a zabr\u00e1nil tak panice, je\u017e tureck\u00e9mu vojsku hrozila.
P\u0159es po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed srbskou p\u0159evahu, n\u00e1hl\u00fdm \u00fatokem Bajazi\u010d rozhodl bitvu ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch a konflikt se zm\u011bnil v jatky srbsk\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f, S\u00e1m Lazar padl do Bajazi\u010dov\u00fdch rukou a nad Muradovou mrtvolou byl s\u0165at. A rad\u011bji jako hrdina p\u0159i\u0161el o hlavu, ne\u017e by \u017eil v hanb\u011b. Jako vojev\u016fdce se zachovalo i srbsk\u00e9 vojsko a na Kosov\u011b poli z\u016fstal v\u00fdkv\u011bt srbsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

\"kosovo-pole1\"<\/p>\n

Hrdinstv\u00ed Srb\u016f, a\u010dkoliv utrp\u011bli por\u00e1\u017eku, dovoluje p\u0159ipom\u00ednat tuto ud\u00e1lost jako v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. V bitv\u011b padli jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9, oslavov\u00e1ni v \u0159ad\u011b m\u00fdt\u016f a p\u00edsn\u00edch, se stali mu\u010dedn\u00edky a sv\u011btci. Den svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta si Srbov\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed ud\u00e1lost t\u00e9to bitvy a Kosovo pole bylo a je srbsk\u00e9 posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Po kosovsk\u00e9 bitv\u011b vznikl a rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il kult svat\u00e9ho Lazara, kter\u00fd dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hlavn\u00ed srbsk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 sv\u011btce a mu\u010dedn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Tureck\u00e9 expanzi na Balk\u00e1n i do st\u0159edu Evropy se otev\u0159ely dve\u0159e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Srbsk\u00e1 por\u00e1\u017eka, a\u010d se zd\u00e1la lok\u00e1ln\u00edm  konfliktem, nabyla ve sv\u00e9m d\u016fsledku mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch a dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. Turci nekompromisn\u011b a rychle vyhladili zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed srbskou \u0161lechtu a cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed mezi Dunajem, S\u00e1vou, Drinou a Timokem se dostalo do jejich podru\u010d\u00ed. Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i se otev\u0159ela nejen br\u00e1na na Balk\u00e1n, ale i d\u00e1le do Evropy. V\u00fdsledek t\u00e9to bitvy ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b na stovky let ovlivnil osudy pora\u017een\u00fdch a ovl\u00e1dnut\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed. A o t\u0159i stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji (1683) oblehla tureck\u00e1 vojska i samotnou V\u00edde\u0148 a jen d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee V\u00edde\u0148 nepadla, z\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme ps\u00e1t a \u010d\u00edst tyto \u0159\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodech je c\u00edtit ho\u0159kost z tragick\u00fdch por\u00e1\u017eek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e1 pachu\u0165 je c\u00edtit i v \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. Nedosahuje hloubky utrpen\u00ed srbsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, ale zas\u00e1hla hluboce do srdc\u00ed \u010cech\u016f a Moravan\u016f a prov\u00e1zela je dal\u0161\u00edmi stalet\u00edmi. Jen pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, mezi slavn\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky slovansk\u00fdch vojsk lze jist\u011b za\u0159adit Moravsk\u00e9 pole, kde v bitv\u011b u Such\u00fdch Krut padl \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l P\u0159emysl Otakar II. a s n\u00edm \u0159ada \u010desk\u00fdch velmo\u017e\u016f. Je nesporn\u00e9, \u017ee trag\u00e9die tohoto st\u0159etnut\u00ed sebou n\u00e1rod nesl i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bitvy u Lipan, \u010di na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e. Moravsk\u00e9 i Kosovo pole maj\u00ed i svoji ruskou alternativu, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159edb\u00edh\u00e1 o v\u00edce jak jedno stolet\u00ed, vra\u0165me se a\u017e do roku 1223. Na \u0159ece Kalce dojde ke st\u0159etnut\u00ed rusk\u00fdch a poloveck\u00fdch kn\u00ed\u017eat s tatarskomongolsk\u00fdm vojskem. St\u0159etnut\u00ed skon\u010d\u00ed ruskou por\u00e1\u017ekou a otev\u0159e Mongol\u016fm pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestu d\u00e1l na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n

T\u0159i bitvy, tak rozd\u00edln\u00e9 a p\u0159itom tak stejn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na Moravsk\u00e9m poli proti sob\u011b st\u00e1la vojska organizac\u00ed i v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed tak\u0159ka rovnocenn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Na Kalce a Kosov\u011b poli pak na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b bojovali neuk\u00e1zn\u011bn\u00ed a rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 proti organizovan\u00e9mu a odhodlan\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00edteli.<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poj\u00edtkem t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed bitev z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee tyto bitvy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011brou ovlivnily pozd\u011bji historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, a t\u00edm i sou\u010dasnost v\u00edc, ne\u017e si dnes dovedeme uv\u011bdomit.<\/p>\n

Stanislav Hrzina<\/em><\/p>\n

Slovansk\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemnost c.177<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.slovanskyvyborcr.cz\/SloVza\/SloVza177.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod nese ve sv\u00e9 historii mnoh\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed i por\u00e1\u017eky. M\u00e1lokter\u00fd n\u00e1rod pak sd\u00edl\u00ed podobn\u00fd osud jako Srbov\u00e9, jejich\u017e historie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2149,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[259,159,163],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2151"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2151\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}