{"id":2208,"date":"2021-04-26T00:29:41","date_gmt":"2021-04-25T22:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/04\/27\/nalety-na-protektorat\/"},"modified":"2021-04-24T20:36:59","modified_gmt":"2021-04-24T18:36:59","slug":"nalety-na-protektorat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2021\/04\/26\/nalety-na-protektorat\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1lety na protektor\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1lez americk\u00e9 nevybuchl\u00e9 bomby z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v \u010cech\u00e1ch byl poz\u016fstatkem n\u00e1letu z 22. b\u0159ezna 1945. P\u0159ipomenul n\u00e1m n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed angloamerick\u00e9 n\u00e1lety na na\u0161i vlast, uskute\u010d\u0148ovan\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ke konci v\u00e1lky.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto \u0160kodovky dob\u0159ansk\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010debna<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prostor protektor\u00e1tu se stal pro nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko t\u00fdlovou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed oblast\u00ed. Vzhledem ke kr\u00e1tk\u00e9mu doletu spojeneck\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f jsme byli dlouhou dobu mimo jejich dosah. P\u0159esto britsk\u00e9 stroje za\u00fato\u010dily ji\u017e 21. \u0159\u00edjna 1940 na \u0160kodovku. Pro \u0161patn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed dopadly bomby na c\u00edle v N\u011bmecku. Ani p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch t\u0159ech pokusech Brit\u016f nebyl are\u00e1l zbrojovky zasa\u017een. Dal\u0161\u00ed ofenziva na ja\u0159e 1943 sm\u011b\u0159ovala do Por\u00fa\u0159\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1st letadel se po dlouh\u00e9 cest\u011b dostala nad Plze\u0148. M\u00edsto \u0160kodovky padaly hodinu bomby na Psychiatrickou l\u00e9\u010debnu v Dob\u0159anech. Zahynulo 250 lid\u00ed a v kas\u00e1rn\u00e1ch mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u0161ech akc\u00edch utrp\u011blo letectvo velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Kv\u011btnov\u00fd n\u00e1let roku 1943 ji\u017e zas\u00e1hl tov\u00e1rn\u00ed budovy, ale v\u00fdrobu nenaru\u0161il.<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel, v\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1lo\u017e\u00ed dopadla na m\u011bsto, zabila nebo zranila mnoho obyvatel (z toho n\u011bkter\u00e9 ve \u0160kodovce), zni\u010dila nebo po\u0161kodila mno\u017estv\u00ed dom\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zabit\u00ed lid\u00e9, zni\u010den\u00e9 domy<\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 1944 se nad na\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm objevily v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stroje s del\u0161\u00edm doletem v doprovodu st\u00edha\u010dek. Iniciativu p\u0159evzali Ameri\u010dan\u00e9. Ti se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159ovali na \u00fatoky proti z\u00e1vod\u016fm na v\u00fdrobu pohonn\u00fdch hmot (Z\u00e1lu\u017e\u00ed u Mostu), \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed uzly a zbrojovky. Britsk\u00e1 letadla provedla nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed a nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1let v noci z 16. na 17. duben 1945. Zni\u010deno bylo osobn\u00ed i se\u0159azovac\u00ed n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed v Plzni, zabito 624 osob, ran\u011bn\u00ed, zni\u010den\u00e9 a po\u0161kozen\u00e9 domy. \u0160kodovka odolala. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1let nech\u00e1palo pro mno\u017estv\u00ed nevinn\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed i materi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kody v dob\u011b, kdy se bl\u00ed\u017eila fronta. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila na 60 km od Berl\u00edna, z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dili hranice N\u011bmecka. Jejich bombard\u00e9ry st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji\u00a8p\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1valy na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed. Po zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm n\u00e1letu ho\u0159ely Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fany.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed dubnov\u00fdm n\u00e1letem vys\u00edlala rozhlasov\u00e1 stanice BBC v\u00fdstrahu, kter\u00e1 prozradila m\u00edsto ur\u010den\u00ed \u2013 \u0160kodovku i \u010das doletu bombard\u00e9r\u016f. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda pouze v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. Ter\u010dem bylo leti\u0161t\u011b na Borech a zbrojovka. D\u00edky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9mu varov\u00e1n\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty na lidech byly podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159ipravena v\u0161ak byla i n\u011bmeck\u00e1 protiletadlov\u00e1 obrana.<\/p>\n

\u0160kodovy z\u00e1vody byly zni\u010deny ze 70 procent a pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 opravy st\u00e1ly republiku 12 miliard korun. A to nen\u00ed zapo\u010dteno bezplatn\u00e9 dobrovolnick\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161kod.<\/p>\n

Ter\u010dem tak\u00e9 Praha<\/strong><\/p>\n

Koncem v\u00e1lky houkaly sir\u00e9ny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto a st\u00e1l\u00e9 b\u011bh\u00e1n\u00ed do kryt\u016f otupilo sebez\u00e1chovn\u00e9 mechanismy lid\u00ed. M\u00e1lokoho napadlo, \u017ee spojeneck\u00e1 americk\u00e1 letadla si krom\u011b vojensk\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f vyberou i civiln\u00ed. Kobercov\u00fd n\u00e1let na Prahu za\u010dal 14. \u00fanora 1945. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ob\u011bdvaj\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9nedbali v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech na je\u010div\u00fd zvuk sir\u00e9n. B\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed minut, za dobr\u00e9 viditelnosti, svrhly B17 n\u00e1klad 152 tun bomb, zasa\u017een byl Zl\u00edchov, Palack\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed i Karlovo se V\u0161eobecnou nemocnic\u00ed,<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161ehrad, Emauzsk\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161ter, Vinohrady, Nusle a Pankr\u00e1c. Tento hr\u016fzn\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek si vy\u017e\u00e1dal na 700 ob\u011bt\u00ed, z toho 100 d\u011bt\u00ed (mezi nimi i dcera mal\u00ed\u0159e J. Lady). T\u011b\u017ece zran\u011bno kolem 1200 ob\u010dan\u016f, dal\u0161\u00ed utrp\u011bli leh\u010d\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed, zasa\u017eeny domy a pam\u00e1tky (kostel sv. Kosmy a Damiana, Zemsk\u00e1 porodnice, Faust\u016fv d\u016fm, Gr\u00f6bovka, vinohradsk\u00e1 synagoga).<\/p>\n

Odpoledne pokra\u010doval n\u00e1let na ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fany. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed nezas\u00e1hlo nacistick\u00e1 kas\u00e1rna ani zbrojn\u00ed podniky.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd n\u00e1let byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n a uskute\u010dn\u011bn 25. b\u0159ezna 1945. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem se staly tov\u00e1rn\u00ed objekty v Libni a Vyso\u010danech, vojensk\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b ve Kbel\u00edch, tov\u00e1rny v \u010cakovic\u00edch a Let\u0148anech, zas\u00e1hl na St\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov\u011b civiln\u00ed obydl\u00ed..<\/p>\n

Tlakov\u00e1 vlna na Proseku a ve Vyso\u010danech smetla \u010detn\u00e1 nouzov\u00e1 bydlen\u00ed ve zdej\u0161\u00edch koloni\u00edch a mnoho lid\u00ed bylo bez p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Zem\u0159elo 370 lid\u00ed, 416 zran\u011bno. Zasa\u017eena Vyso\u010dansk\u00e1 tvrz, barokn\u00ed \u0160pit\u00e1lsk\u00fd dv\u016fr. D\u00e1le 70 tov\u00e1rn\u00edch objekt\u016f a des\u00edtky civiln\u00edch budov \u2013 ulice Drahobejlova, U skl\u00e1dky, Pod\u011bbradsk\u00e1, \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e1 a okol\u00ed Harfy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho otazn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ke konci v\u00e1lky se mnoho na\u0161ich lid\u00ed ptalo, pro\u010d ni\u010div\u00e9 n\u00e1lety na civiln\u00ed c\u00edle?<\/p>\n

A ptaj\u00ed se dodnes. Pro\u010d tolik tov\u00e1ren, kdy\u017e v\u0161ude doch\u00e1zel materi\u00e1l, v\u00fdrobu ochromovaly sabot\u00e1\u017ee, ze zni\u010den\u00fdch \u010di po\u0161kozen\u00fdch n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed se nedalo expedovat. Tehdy aktivn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i pov\u011bt\u0161inou ml\u010d\u00ed, archivy tak\u00e9 mnoho informac\u00ed neposkytly. Sf\u00e9ra z\u00e1jm\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b u\u017e byla rozd\u011blena. \u0160lo o to odepsat p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed konkurenci? Obava ze sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho vlivu na obsazen\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch? Pam\u011btn\u00edci vym\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nem\u011bla by v\u0161ak vym\u00edrat \u00facta k lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bkolik dn\u016f p\u0159ed koncem v\u00e1lky p\u0159i\u0161li o \u017eivot. Zbyte\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pavel Nov\u00e1k<\/p>\n

SLOVANSK\u00c1 VZ\u00c1JEMNOST \u010d.175\/2014<\/em>
\nRedakce : Slovansk\u00fd v\u00fdbor \u010cR, Pol. v\u011bz\u0148\u016f 9, 111 21, Praha 1<\/em>
\nE-mail: slovanvyborcr@volny.cz<\/a><\/em>
\n\u00a0Internet: http:\/\/www.slovanskyvyborcr.cz\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1lez americk\u00e9 nevybuchl\u00e9 bomby z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v \u010cech\u00e1ch byl poz\u016fstatkem n\u00e1letu z 22. b\u0159ezna 1945. P\u0159ipomenul n\u00e1m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2208"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2911,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208\/revisions\/2911"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}