{"id":2226,"date":"2015-09-14T14:15:56","date_gmt":"2015-09-14T12:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/14\/hlas-pes-ocean\/"},"modified":"2015-09-14T14:15:56","modified_gmt":"2015-09-14T12:15:56","slug":"hlas-pes-ocean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/14\/hlas-pes-ocean\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlas p\u0159es oce\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2223\" style=\"float: left;\" alt=\"hlas0\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hlas0.jpg\" height=\"127\" width=\"120\" \/>&nbsp;<strong>V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed dala kombinace dvou pozoruhodn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed \u2014 mu\u017ee s \u017eeleznou v\u016fl\u00ed a ob\u0159\u00ed lod\u011b \u2014 vzniknout prvn\u00edmu kabelu polo\u017een\u00e9mu p\u0159es Atlantsk\u00fd oce\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2224\" alt=\"hlas1\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hlas1.jpg\" height=\"306\" width=\"450\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. 2 Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed lo\u010f sv\u011bta \u201eGreat Eastern&#8220;, kter\u00e1 polo\u017eila p\u011bt atlantick\u00fdch kabel\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cyrus W. Field byl p\u016fvodn\u011b v\u00fdvozcem pap\u00edru. Pap\u00edr mu p\u0159inesl u\u017e ve t\u0159iat\u0159iceti letech mnoho pen\u011bz, nikoliv v\u0161ak spokojenost. St\u00e1l\u00fd nepokoj a touha uskute\u010dnit neuskute\u010dniteln\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b s bohatstv\u00edm daly podn\u011bt k sm\u011bl\u00e9 my\u0161lence. Telegraf byl zat\u00edm novinkou a Field se rozhodl polo\u017eit jej i na dno mo\u0159e. U\u017e v roce 1854 vytvo\u0159il transatlantickou kabelovou spole\u010dnost a za\u010dal d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 ho pozd\u011bji m\u00e1lem zruinovalo. Proto\u017ee st\u00e1l p\u0159ed zcela nov\u00fdm a dosud ne\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, vyvinul nejprve se sv\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky podmo\u0159sk\u00fd typ dokonale izolovan\u00e9ho kabelu a navrhl techniku, kterou m\u011bl b\u00fdt kladen na dno oce\u00e1nu. Podporov\u00e1n ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed britskou vl\u00e1dou a britsk\u00fdm kapit\u00e1lem za\u010dal v roce 1857 svou prvn\u00ed plavbu. Jeho lo\u010f nalo\u017een\u00e1 nekone\u010dn\u00fdm hadem kabelu sm\u011b\u0159ovala z Irska k americk\u00e9mu kontinentu. Kilometr po kilometru klesal ke dnu dva centimetry tlust\u00fd kabel, kter\u00fd lo\u010f neust\u00e1le spojoval s Irskem. Tak to \u0161lo p\u0159es 600 km, pak k\u0159ehk\u00fd kabel praskl a ztratil se v nekone\u010dn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch Atlantiku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2225\" alt=\"hlas2\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hlas2.jpg\" height=\"270\" width=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Obr. 3 Slavnostn\u00ed okam\u017eik \u2014 pos\u00e1dka vytahuje z\u00e1padn\u00ed konec kabelu na americk\u00fd b\u0159eh. Atlantick\u00fd kabel je polo\u017een.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Av\u0161ak p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok se Field pokou\u0161\u00ed znovu. Kabel klade tentokr\u00e1t nov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem z prost\u0159edka oce\u00e1nu dv\u011bma sm\u011bry \u2014 do Irska a do Newfoundlandu. Ob\u011b lodi dopluly a zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee je vyhr\u00e1no. Jen nakr\u00e1tko. Za necel\u00e9 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce kabel p\u0159estal pracovat. Field plakal, ale nevzdal se.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e1lka Severu proti Jihu zdr\u017eela jeho pl\u00e1ny. Ale v roce 1864 ho nal\u00e9z\u00e1me znovu v Lond\u00fdn\u011b. U\u017e 2,5 mili\u00f3nu dolar\u016f vhodil Field do Atlantiku, p\u0159esto se pokou\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159et\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vyb\u00edr\u00e1 si nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed lo\u010f na sv\u011bt\u011b, technick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak t\u00e9 doby, zasti\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny, tehdej\u0161\u00ed lod\u011b \u2014 lo\u010f \u201eGreat Eastern&#8220;. Toto monstrum m\u00e1 v\u00fdtlak 22 500 tun, uveze 4000 cestuj\u00edc\u00edch, m\u00e1 400 \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky a skladovac\u00ed prostory pro 15 000 tun uhl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Field ud\u011blal n\u011bco nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9ho. Najmul tuto lo\u010f, vytrhal z n\u00ed drah\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a instaloval v n\u00ed t\u0159i obrovsk\u00e9 prostory pro 7000 tun kabelu, kter\u00fd byl siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. V roce 1865 kone\u010dn\u011b obr vyplouv\u00e1 z Irska, aby polo\u017eil kabel do Ameriky. Tis\u00edc dev\u011bt set kilometr\u016f se souk\u00e1 kabel z \u00fatrob obrovsk\u00e9 lodi. Po tis\u00edci dev\u00edti stech kilometrech se napjal, p\u0159etrhl a potopil. Field se obrac\u00ed a pluje zp\u011bt do Anglie. Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee nyn\u00ed se u\u017e vzd\u00e1 marn\u00fdch pokus\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Roku 1866 pokus opakuje. Po\u010dtvrt\u00e9! Lo\u010f \u201eGreat Eastern&#8220; op\u011bt vyplouv\u00e1 z Anglie a odv\u00edj\u00ed nekone\u010dn\u00fd kabel. Ka\u017edou hodinu je polo\u017eeno osm kilometr\u016f! Dnem i noc\u00ed pluje lo\u010f a pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 kabel. Dnem i noc\u00ed kles\u00e1 kabel na dno oce\u00e1nu. Dnem i noc\u00ed nar\u016fst\u00e1 spojen\u00ed mezi Star\u00fdm a Nov\u00fdm sv\u011btem. 27. \u010dervence 1866 doplouv\u00e1 lo\u010f k americk\u00fdm b\u0159eh\u016fm a pos\u00e1dka vytahuje z\u00e1padn\u00ed konec kabelu na b\u0159eh! Spojen\u00ed je nav\u00e1z\u00e1no a kabel funguje. Field triumfuje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1866 je druh\u00fdm \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm dnem. Field nach\u00e1z\u00ed ztracen\u00fd kabel z roku 1865 a dov\u00e1d\u00ed ho rovn\u011b\u017e k pevnin\u011b! To u\u017e je \u00fapln\u00fd triumf! Mezi Evropou a Amerikou le\u017e\u00ed najednou dva telegrafick\u00e9 kabely. Rok 1867 je prvn\u00edm rokem pravideln\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma kontinenty odd\u011blen\u00fdmi oce\u00e1nem. Kabely obepjaly Zemi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Obr. v titulku C. W. Field<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed dala kombinace dvou pozoruhodn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed \u2014 mu\u017ee s \u017eeleznou v\u016fl\u00ed a ob\u0159\u00ed lod\u011b \u2014 vzniknout prvn\u00edmu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[34],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}