{"id":2236,"date":"2015-09-24T20:10:24","date_gmt":"2015-09-24T18:10:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/24\/temno-nad-eskym-kralovstvim\/"},"modified":"2015-09-24T20:10:24","modified_gmt":"2015-09-24T18:10:24","slug":"temno-nad-eskym-kralovstvim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/24\/temno-nad-eskym-kralovstvim\/","title":{"rendered":"Temno nad \u010desk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se b\u011bhem dopoledne 8. 11. 1620 mohla v prostoru u Prahy neru\u0161en\u011b se\u0161ikovat k boji.<\/strong><\/p>\n


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Mezit\u00edm se na \u010desk\u00e9 stran\u011b hore\u010dn\u011b pracovalo na zanedban\u00fdch opev\u0148ovac\u00edch prac\u00edch a Anhalt formoval sestavu \u010desk\u00e9ho vojska. Vytvo\u0159il dva sledy, v nich\u017e st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b st\u00e1ly odd\u00edly jezdeck\u00e9 a p\u011b\u0161\u00ed. P\u011b\u0161\u00ed odd\u00edl m\u011bl asi 300 mu\u017e\u016f, z toho 200 mu\u0161ket\u00fdr\u016f. Tvo\u0159il obd\u00e9ln\u00edkovou formaci. Mu\u0161ket\u00fd\u0159i st\u00e1li jednak v \u010deln\u00ed front\u011b, jednak ve vysunut\u00fdch uskupen\u00edch na k\u0159\u00eddlech formace. Ve t\u0159et\u00edm sledu m\u011bli b\u00fdt Uh\u0159i. Sestava byla velmi \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 a \u0161irok\u00e1 \u2014 na front\u011b asi 3 a\u017e 4 km, co\u017e pro dvacetitis\u00edcov\u00e9 vojsko bylo nad jeho s\u00edly. Nebylo ani vyu\u017eito ter\u00e9nn\u00edch v\u00fdhod, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle u obory Hv\u011bzdy, kde bylo v\u00edce vojska ne\u017e nutno.<\/p>\n

\"temno0\"
<\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.1 Exekuce na Starom\u011bstsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v Praze 21. 6. 1621<\/em><\/p>\n

 C\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed vytvo\u0159ili u\u017e\u0161\u00ed frontu, ale mnohem \u010dlenit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed do hloubky, slo\u017eenou ze \u0161achovit\u011b postaven\u00fdch \u010dtverc\u016f p\u011bchoty, mezi nimi\u017e st\u00e1ly odd\u00edly jezdectva. U t\u011bchto \u201eterci\u00ed“ \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho typu, siln\u00fdch a\u017e p\u0159es dva tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f, byli vedle piken\u00fdr\u016f um\u00edst\u011bni mu\u0161ket\u00fd\u0159i po cel\u00e9m obvodu formace. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 tercie byla proti \u201enizozemsk\u00e9 brig\u00e1d\u011b\u201c zastaral\u00e1. Nedovolovala vyu\u017e\u00edt v boji paln\u00e9 s\u00edly mu\u0161ket\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed bojovou silou (a\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed zcela vytla\u010duj\u00ed piken\u00fdry).<\/p>\n

D\u011blost\u0159electvo bylo um\u00edst\u011bno za sestavou a p\u0159est\u0159elovalo ji.<\/p>\n

Bitva na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e<\/em> za\u010dala kolem poledne \u00fatokem prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch. \u00datok m\u011bl zjistit, jak je vlastn\u011b siln\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Proti c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm vyrazilo jezdectvo a pozd\u011bji i Thurnova p\u011bchota prvn\u00edho sledu. Na vzd\u00e1lenost 200 m v\u0161ak odp\u00e1lila mu\u0161kety \u2013 a obr\u00e1tila se na \u00fat\u011bk. Thurnovi \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed platili za kvalitn\u00ed a bojov\u011b zdatn\u00e9, nem\u011bli o boj z\u00e1jem, proto\u017ee byli demoralizov\u00e1ni trval\u00fdm \u00fastupem a hlavn\u011b nedostali sv\u016fj \u017eold. Situaci se sna\u017eil zachr\u00e1nit Kristi\u00e1n Anhalt ml. S jezdectvem druh\u00e9ho sledu za\u00fato\u010dil na postupuj\u00edc\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 a dos\u00e1hl slibn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Tilly v\u0161ak vyslal po\u010detn\u00e9 ligistick\u00e9 jezdectvo, to p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslilo Anhalta a jeho odd\u00edly za\u010daly prchat. Tento \u00fastup Thurnov\u00fdch a Anhaltov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strhl k \u00fat\u011bku i Uhry, napadan\u00e9 polskou j\u00edzdou, a ostatn\u00ed pluky \u010desk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Obracely se d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e do\u0161lo v\u016fbec k boji, a p\u00e1dily ku Praze pod ochranu hradeb. Jen moravsko-rakousk\u00e9 s\u00edly u obory se state\u010dn\u011b dr\u017eely, ale i ty byly p\u0159esilou pora\u017eeny. Bitva byla tak rozhodnuta d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e polovina c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho vojska zas\u00e1hla do boje. Za 90\u2014120 minut byla \u010desk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pora\u017eena.<\/p>\n

Tyto necel\u00e9 dv\u011b hodiny rozhodly o budouc\u00edm osudu \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed na dobu t\u0159\u00ed stolet\u00ed. \u201eZimn\u00ed kr\u00e1l“ Fridrich uprchl do Vratislavi, 9. listopadu 1620 kapitulovala Praha a v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 vojsko se v plen\u011bn\u00ed, drancov\u00e1n\u00ed a vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed uchopilo vl\u00e1dy. Za t\u0159i \u010dty\u0159i dny naloupilo dva mili\u00f3ny zlat\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

\"pro291\"<\/p>\n

Obr. 2 Bitva na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ferdinand II. dovedl sv\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt i v propagand\u011b katolicismu. Vyd\u00e1val je za z\u00e1zrak, v n\u011bm\u017e \u00fa\u010dinkovala i Panna Maria, vyobrazen\u00e1 se slovy \u201eDoka\u017e, \u017ee jsi na\u0161e matka!“<\/em> na praporech c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch. \u010cesk\u00e9 vojsko bylo pr\u00fd p\u0159ed bojem zastra\u0161eno ot\u0159esy p\u016fdy, za bitvy uvid\u011blo pr\u00fd proti sob\u011b nastupovat jak\u00e9si \u201ebo\u017e\u00ed“ vojsko, p\u0159ed n\u00edm\u017e se dalo na \u00fat\u011bk. C\u00edrkev katolick\u00e1 triumfovala. Na oslavu v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed zn\u011bly zvony, slou\u017eily se slavn\u00e9 m\u0161e. Dob\u0159e poznala, co v on\u011bch dvou hodin\u00e1ch b\u011blohorsk\u00e9 bitvy vyhr\u00e1la! Je\u0161t\u011b po stalet\u00ed se sl\u00e1vou vzpom\u00ednala na \u201ez\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9“ v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1d Prahy byl po\u010d\u00e1tkem p\u00e1du cel\u00e9 zem\u011b, cel\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho stavovsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. V\u00edt\u011bz likvidoval odbojn\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 stavy fyzicky i hospod\u00e1\u0159sky, rozebral jejich panstv\u00ed a majetky daroval ciz\u00e1ck\u00fdm dobrodruh\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se do zem\u011b valem sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli. Obnovilo se tak\u00e9 neomezen\u00e9 panstv\u00ed c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se b\u011bhem dopoledne 8. 11. 1620 mohla v prostoru u Prahy neru\u0161en\u011b se\u0161ikovat k boji.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[19],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2236"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}