{"id":2245,"date":"2015-09-24T20:53:22","date_gmt":"2015-09-24T18:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/24\/echoslovaci-na-piav\/"},"modified":"2015-09-24T20:53:22","modified_gmt":"2015-09-24T18:53:22","slug":"echoslovaci-na-piav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2015\/09\/24\/echoslovaci-na-piav\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cechoslov\u00e1ci na Pi\u00e1v\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"legie\"Bitva, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v podv\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvlastek \u201evelk\u00e1 a slavn\u00e1“ na Pi\u00e1v\u011b roku 1918, byla skute\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 \u2014 z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se j\u00ed na 120 diviz\u00ed v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 severoitalsk\u00e9 operace \u2014 a jako o slavn\u00e9 bitv\u011b se o n\u00ed mluvilo v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch a projevech \u010ds. bur\u017eoazn\u00edch politik\u016f p\u0159edmnichovsk\u00e9 \u010cSR po cel\u00fdch dvacet let. Z\u00fa\u010dastnili se j\u00ed \u010ds. voj\u00e1ci (legion\u00e1\u0159i italsk\u00e9 divize).<\/strong><\/p>\n


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Italsk\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161t\u011b nebylo hlavn\u00ed evropskou frontou, bylo pouze zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed frontou na alpsk\u00fdch mas\u00edvech, kterou lze dob\u0159e br\u00e1nit a \u0161patn\u011b dob\u00fdvat. V jejich t\u0159ech \u00fasec\u00edch \u2014 tridentsk\u00e9m, so\u010dsk\u00e9m a korutansk\u00e9m \u2014 prob\u00edhalo v letech 1915\u20141918 patn\u00e1ct ofenz\u00edv, z toho t\u0159i rakousk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V roce 1918 se jich z\u00fa\u010dastnili i \u010cechoslov\u00e1ci. Byli to b\u00fdval\u00ed rakou\u0161t\u00ed zajatci, kte\u0159\u00ed od prv\u00e9ho dne zajet\u00ed byli rozhodnuti bojovat proti Rakousku-Uhersku v samostatn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotce s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat st\u00e1tn\u00ed samostatnost.<\/p>\n

Po sv\u00edzeln\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch \u010cs. n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady se to kone\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159ilo v dubnu 1918. Tehdy vznikla ve Folignu prvn\u00ed \u010ds. vojensk\u00e1 jednotka v It\u00e1lii v s\u00edle 10 000 mu\u017e\u016f, organizovan\u00e1 do p\u011bti pluk\u016f st\u0159eleck\u00fdch a jednoho v\u00fdzv\u011bdn\u00e9ho. V jej\u00edm \u010dele st\u00e1l italsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l A. Graziani. \u010cs. divize bojovala v roce 1918 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch, v\u011bt\u0161inou s velk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem \u2014 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rozv\u011bd\u010d\u00edci \u2014 a jej\u00ed boj i cel\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ed ustaven\u00edm jednotky konala v zajateck\u00fdch t\u00e1borech, pat\u0159\u00ed k ud\u00e1lostem \u010ds. n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00e9ho boje, kter\u00fd by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt zapomenut.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edm bojem na\u0161ich voj\u00e1k\u016f je pr\u00e1v\u011b Piava v \u010dervnu 1918.<\/p>\n

Rakousk\u00e9 velen\u00ed se touto svou posledn\u00ed ofenz\u00edvou pokusilo zm\u011bnit nep\u0159\u00edznivou situaci na front\u011b. Cht\u011blo p\u0159ej\u00edt Piavu na italsk\u00e9m prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle a prov\u00e9st obchvat. Rakousk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b p\u0159ipravil ofenz\u00edvu t\u0159emi sm\u011bry \u2014 \u00fadol\u00edm Brenty na Vicenzu, p\u0159es Piavu k Padov\u011b a p\u0159es lombardskou rovinu na Mil\u00e1no. 58 rakousk\u00fdch diviz\u00ed se 7500 d\u011bly a 500 letadly se chystalo prov\u00e9st tuto operaci.<\/p>\n

Italsk\u00e9 vojsko disponovalo 60 divizemi (z toho 3 francouzsk\u00e9, 2 anglick\u00e9, 1. \u010ds.), 10 000 d\u011bly a 666 letadly. Bitvy se z\u00fa\u010dastnil i 1. prapor 33. \u010ds. pluku v s\u00edle 867 mu\u017e\u016f se \u0161esti kulomety. \u017denist\u00e9, minomety, plamenomety \u2014 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v italsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzbroji \u2014 praporu chyb\u00ed, v\u00fdzbroj i v\u00fdstroj je ne\u00fapln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

15. 6. 1918 je prapor pov\u011b\u0159en pr\u016fzkumnou a hl\u00eddkovou \u010dinnost\u00ed a v noci je p\u0159ekvapen rakousk\u00fdm \u00fatokem; ztratil 25 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"piava\"<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem dne se prapor soust\u0159e\u010fuje a bojuje u S. Don\u00e1, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho dne v r\u00e1mci 61. italsk\u00e9 divize u Fossa d. Mille Pertiche. 17. 6. 1918 se v sestav\u011b brig\u00e1dy Bisagno z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uje \u00fatoku kolmo k Piav\u011b, p\u0159es n\u00ed\u017e se na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech poda\u0159ilo nep\u0159\u00edteli p\u0159ej\u00edt. \u010cs. prapor je v prvn\u00ed linii a s \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdmi italsk\u00fdmi odd\u00edly \u2014 ardity \u2014 postupuje p\u0159ed brig\u00e1dou Bisagno v prostoru C. Malipiero. M\u00edsto aby byl podle rozkazu proveden prudk\u00fd v\u00fdpad, d\u00e1v\u00e1 italsk\u00fd velitel praporu rozkaz k postupu na \u0161irok\u00e9 front\u011b. Ve \u010dty\u0159ech rot\u00e1ch postupoval \u010ds. prapor proti cel\u00e9 rakousk\u00e9 divizi a omylem dostal sm\u011br postupu na obec Capo \u010fArgine jako 12. prapor ardit\u016f, postupuj\u00edc\u00ed vlevo.<\/p>\n

V 17,30 za\u010dal \u00fatok p\u0159es planinu pod\u00e9l kan\u00e1lu Fosselo. P\u0159i postupu rozvinut\u00e9 sestavy se v\u0161ak 3. rota zpozdila a 4. kulometn\u00e1 rota ztratila. P\u0159i \u00fatoku vlastn\u011b p\u016fsobila jen 2. rota jsouc\u00ed v \u010dele sestavy. Bojovala state\u010dn\u011b a dobyla prvn\u00ed p\u00e1smo st\u0159eleck\u00fdch okop\u016f, 2 km p\u0159ed hlavn\u00edm obrann\u00fdm postaven\u00edm. Zde se \u00fatok zastavil, proto\u017ee kulometn\u00e1 hn\u00edzda prudce post\u0159elovala z boku prostor. Do okop\u016f dobyt\u00fdch 2. rotou dorazila i 1. rota \u2014 a ob\u011b roty se pom\u00edchaly.<\/p>\n

V 18,45 byl proveden nov\u00fd \u00fatok a ob\u011b roty do\u0161ly na \u010d\u00e1ru 1. postupn\u00e9ho c\u00edle u C. Venturato. V boji padl zakladatel \u010ds. dobrovolnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed st\u0159elec J. \u010capek, gener\u00e1lem \u0160tef\u00e1nikem diskriminovan\u00fd a nespravedliv\u011b za\u0159azen\u00fd jako pouh\u00fd voj\u00edn do prvn\u00ed linie. \u00datok praporu nemohl pokra\u010dovat \u2014 ital\u0161t\u00ed ardit\u00e9 se st\u00e1hli, 3. a 4. rota 1. praporu se kdesi ztratily, 1. a 2. rota byly oslabeny bojem. O brig\u00e1d\u011b Bisagno, j\u00ed\u017e 1. prapor tvo\u0159il p\u0159edvoj, nebylo nic zn\u00e1mo, a\u010d uplynuly ji\u017e hodiny od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u00fatoku. Raku\u0161an\u00e9 v \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 p\u0159esile provedli proti\u00fatok a ob\u011b roty musely ustoupit na p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdchodi\u0161t\u011b. Udr\u017eely se jen dv\u011b \u010ds. \u010dety a zadr\u017eely \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka do p\u0159\u00edchodu italsk\u00fdch posil. Ti voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dastnili boj\u016f na Piav\u011b 17. 6., bojovali state\u010dn\u011b. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom 8 uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00fdch kulomet\u016f a 200 zajatc\u016f. Za boj zaplatilo 8 mu\u017e\u016f \u017eivoty, 60 bylo ran\u011bno a zajato.<\/p>\n

Boj na\u0161eho 1. praporu, v podstat\u011b ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 italskou vinou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, italsk\u00e1 m\u00edsta vysoce hodnotila. \u010cechoslov\u00e1ci byli ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako p\u0159\u00edklad italsk\u00e9mu vojsku, za \u201esnad nejlep\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1ky sv\u011bta“, vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed se dopisy mezi \u010cs. n\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou a italskou vl\u00e1dou a 28 voj\u00e1k\u016f je vyznamen\u00e1no kr\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n

Bylo by chybn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat boj \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f na Piav\u011b jako malichern\u00fd. Ukazuje sp\u00ed\u0161e, jak propastn\u00fdbyl rozd\u00edl mezi veden\u00edm prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, i to, \u017ee je t\u0159eba onu legendu o \u00fa\u010dasti \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f v bitv\u011b na Piav\u011b vid\u011bt st\u0159\u00edzliv\u011b. Ti, kter\u00fdm v\u016fbec italsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed dalo mo\u017enost bojovat, si po\u010d\u00ednali hrdinsky. Dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bli, co je v rakousk\u00e9m zajet\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 \u2014 \u0161ibenice. 14 zajat\u00fdch \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f tuto da\u0148 skute\u010dn\u011b zaplatilo. Na\u0161i voj\u00e1ci nebyli dob\u0159e vyzbrojeni a vycvi\u010deni, m\u011bli \u0161patn\u00e9 velitele, bojovali proti p\u0159esile. P\u0159esto ud\u011blali v\u0161e, co ud\u011blat museli a mohli. Byli malou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 ma\u0161in\u00e9rie nejen italsk\u00e9ho boji\u0161t\u011b, ale cel\u00e9 t\u00e9 \u0161pinav\u00e9 prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Archiv NoS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bitva, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v podv\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvlastek \u201evelk\u00e1 a slavn\u00e1“ na Pi\u00e1v\u011b roku 1918, byla skute\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 \u2014 z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[19,153],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2245"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}