{"id":2278,"date":"2016-02-03T21:19:44","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T20:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2016\/02\/03\/kdo-porazil-admirala-von-spee\/"},"modified":"2016-02-03T21:19:44","modified_gmt":"2016-02-03T20:19:44","slug":"kdo-porazil-admirala-von-spee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2016\/02\/03\/kdo-porazil-admirala-von-spee\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdo porazil admir\u00e1la von Spee?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"spee0\" Za\u010d\u00e1tek 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nevypadal pro britsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo, pov\u011bstnou \u201eGrand Fleet“, nijak r\u016f\u017eov\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nepom\u011brn\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed lo\u010fstvo c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka dos\u00e1hlo n\u011bkolika rychl\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, je\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b ot\u0159\u00e1sly nejen sebev\u011bdom\u00edm hrd\u00e9ho Albionu, ale i jeho pov\u011bsti ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Tak t\u0159eba za jedin\u00fd den, 22.9.1914, potopily n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ponorky t\u0159i britsk\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky \u2014 \u201eAboukir“, \u201eHogue“ a \u201eCress\u00e9“ s 1473 mu\u017ei na palub\u011b. Brzy pot\u00e9, 1.11.1914, za\u00fato\u010dila n\u011bmeck\u00e1 eskadra admir\u00e1la von Spee, slo\u017een\u00e1 z modern\u00edch bitevn\u00edch lod\u00ed \u201eScharnhorst“ a \u201eGneisenau“ a \u010dty\u0159 lehk\u00fdch k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk\u016f, u Coronelu nedaleko pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Chile na eskadru britsk\u00e9ho admir\u00e1la Cradocka, rozpr\u00e1\u0161ila ji a potopila dva k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky \u2014 \u201eGood Hope“ a \u201eMontmouth“. To u\u017e bylo v\u011bru na pov\u00e1\u017eenou…<\/p>\n

Na Downing Street 10, v s\u00eddle britsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra, se konaly dlouh\u00e9 a vzru\u0161en\u00e9 porady, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nezdary se za\u010daly nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b projevovat na burz\u00e1ch kapitalistick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta \u2014 siln\u00fdm poklesem hodnot britsk\u00fdch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f. Bylo nutno st\u016fj co st\u016fj n\u011bco podniknout \u2014 a zachr\u00e1nit ohro\u017een\u00e9 akcion\u00e1\u0159e!<\/p>\n

\"hall-r\"<\/p>\n

Sir Reginald Hall<\/em><\/p>\n

Celkem logicky se porad vedle ministra n\u00e1mo\u0159nictv\u00ed Winstona Churchilla \u00fa\u010dastnil i \u0161\u00e9f n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 slo\u017eky (NID \u2014 Naval Intelligence Department) admir\u00e1l Reginald Hall. Pr\u00e1v\u011b od n\u011bho se \u010dekalo nejv\u00edc. A sir Reginald nezklamal\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik dn\u00ed po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00e1lky ztroskotal nedaleko Krond\u0161tadtu n\u011bmeck\u00fd k\u0159izn\u00edk \u201eMagdeburg“. Mezi mrtvolami n\u011bmeck\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edboj vyplavil na rusk\u00fd b\u0159eh, byl tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed palubn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk, jen\u017e dr\u017eel na prsou v mrtvoln\u00e9m stisku kn\u00ed\u017eku v kovov\u00e9m obalu \u2014 tajn\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed k\u00f3d, v\u00e1zan\u00fd v\u017edy do ocelov\u00fdch desek, aby se p\u0159i z\u00e1niku lodi bezpe\u010dn\u011b potopil…<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se od Rus\u016f o \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu dov\u011bd\u011bli v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, nev\u00e1hal Churchill poslat na cestu kolem Skandin\u00e1vie do Archangelska zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk jen pro onu kn\u00ed\u017eku!<\/p>\n

A cesta se vyplatila. \u0160ifrovac\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed admirality, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 40.O.B. (co\u017e znamenalo kancel\u00e1\u0159 \u010d. 40 v Old Building \u2014 star\u00e9 budov\u011b admirality), v \u010dele se sirem Alfredem Ewingem, skv\u011bl\u00fdm matematikem, mohla nyn\u00ed hrav\u011b lu\u0161tit v\u0161echny radiogramy vys\u00edlan\u00e9 z Berl\u00edna n\u011bmeck\u00fdm v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm lod\u00edm. K\u00f3d se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u010das od \u010dasu m\u011bnil, ale odborn\u00edci \u0161ifrovac\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed b\u00fdvali spokojeni, kdy\u017e znali aspo\u0148 druh pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, pak u\u017e si s t\u00edm um\u011bli poradit.<\/p>\n

Sira Reginalda Halla napadlo nespol\u00e9hat se nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b jen na n\u00e1hodu, za\u010d\u00edt n\u011bmeck\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed k\u00f3dy systematicky vyhled\u00e1vat \u2014 a to na p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch potopen\u00fdch lod\u00edch. Zapojil do pr\u00e1ce nejlep\u0161\u00edho britsk\u00e9ho pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de E. C. Millera a vybavil ho nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d Miller m\u011bl brzy nesm\u00edrn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem r. 1915 pronikl kup\u0159. s nasazen\u00edm \u017eivota do n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ponorky, je\u017e se potopila nedaleko kentsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, a vyt\u00e1hl z kapit\u00e1novy kajuty plechovku obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed vedle t\u0159\u00ed k\u00f3dovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek i pl\u00e1ny n\u011bmeck\u00fdch minov\u00fdch pol\u00ed u francouzsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a v kan\u00e1lu La Manche.<\/p>\n

Na znalosti n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho tajn\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho k\u00f3du z lodi \u201eMagdeburg“ postavil admir\u00e1l Hall sv\u016fj pl\u00e1n odplaty za por\u00e1\u017eku u Coronelu. M\u011bl k tomu je\u0161t\u011b jeden zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cenn\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad. Jeden z agent\u016f Intelligence Service se toti\u017e dostal na nen\u00e1padn\u00e9, pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9, ale cenn\u00e9 m\u00edsto p\u0159\u00edmo na velitelstv\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva v Berl\u00edn\u011b. A to byla nakonec kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 postava ve velik\u00e9 h\u0159e admir\u00e1la Halla proti admir\u00e1lu von Spee.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed proveden\u00edm sv\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu musel admir\u00e1l Hall p\u0159ekonat velkou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. Eskadra admir\u00e1la Sturdeeho, ur\u010den\u00e1 za vykonavatelku odplaty, m\u011bla b\u00fdt pos\u00edlena aspo\u0148 dv\u011bma modern\u00edmi, siln\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159ich\u00e1zely v \u00favahu k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky \u201eInvincible“ a \u201eInflexible“, zakotven\u00e9 tou dobou ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i u \u0159eck\u00e9ho ostrova Aegea. Mezi obyvateli ostrova bylo ov\u0161em ur\u010dit\u011b n\u011bkolik pozorovatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zji\u0161\u0165ovali pohyb britsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed, a vypluti dvou k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk\u016f mohlo b\u00fdt varov\u00e1n\u00edm pro admir\u00e1la von Spee… Jak tomu zabr\u00e1nit? Tu dostal admir\u00e1l Hall sm\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1pad. Jak\u00fd, o tom vypov\u00edd\u00e1 ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch Hall\u016fv spolupr\u00e1ce vnik admir\u00e1l Herschell:<\/p>\n

\u201eDal zhotovit v anglick\u00fdch doc\u00edch dva nov\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky. Pr\u00e1ce byla zah\u00e1jena a provedena v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tajnosti a ob\u011b lodi byly hotovy za n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f. Byly to n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 lodi, \u0161ed\u011b nat\u0159en\u00e9, s mohutn\u00fdmi kom\u00edny a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi d\u011bly, kter\u00e1 \u010dn\u011bla v\u00fdhru\u017en\u011b z d\u011blov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Nebyly to v\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u00e9 bitevn\u00ed k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky, n\u00fdbr\u017e jen d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 napodobeniny, makety. Sotva byly hotovy, objevily se na sc\u00e9n\u011b dva mohutn\u00e9 vle\u010dn\u00e9 parn\u00edky, p\u0159ipevnily vle\u010dn\u00e1 lana a za tmav\u00e9 noci vyvlekly ob\u011b d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 obludy na mo\u0159e. Na palub\u00e1ch vle\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed st\u00e1li d\u016fstojn\u00edci a pozorn\u011b p\u00e1trali na obzoru po zn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch bl\u00edzkosti ciz\u00edch lod\u00ed. Objevilo-li se n\u011bco podez\u0159el\u00e9ho, ve\u0161lo v \u010dinnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro um\u011blou mlhu. Podstatnou podm\u00ednkou t\u00e9to komedie toti\u017e bylo, \u017ee z\u016fstane a\u017e do konce utajena…<\/p>\n

\"spee\"<\/p>\n

Maximilian Graf von Spee<\/em><\/p>\n

To se tak\u00e9 poda\u0159ilo. V noci byly ob\u011b d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 atrapy zakotveny na stanovi\u0161ti skute\u010dn\u00fdch k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk\u016f, obklopily je torp\u00e9dov\u00e9 a hl\u00eddkov\u00e9 \u010dluny \u2014 a r\u00e1no vypadalo z b\u0159ehu ostrova Aegea v\u0161echno jako obvykle. Bitevn\u00ed lod\u011b \u201eInvincible“ a \u201eInflexible“ propluly Gibraltarem a zam\u00ed\u0159ily plnou parou p\u0159es Atlantik k jihoz\u00e1padu.       <\/p>\n

Za\u010dalo druh\u00e9 d\u011bjstv\u00ed komedie s tragick\u00fdm koncem pro eskadru admir\u00e1la von Spee, kter\u00e1 zat\u00edm neru\u0161en\u011b kotvila v chilsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu Valparaiso. Admir\u00e1lov\u00e9 Herschell a Hall na to pozd\u011bji vzpom\u00ednali: \u201ePro\u010d vypluly lod\u011b jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm sm\u011brem p\u0159es Atlantik? V\u011bd\u011bli jsme toti\u017e p\u0159edem, kde admir\u00e1l von Spee bude,“ usm\u00e1l se admir\u00e1l Herschell a pohl\u00e9dl v\u00fdznamn\u011b na admir\u00e1la Halla.<\/p>\n

Hall z\u00edral p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ed sebe. \u201eJ\u00e1 mu telegrafoval,“ \u0159ekl pojednou. \u201eJ\u00e1 mu telegrafoval, aby v\u011bd\u011bl, kde se s n\u00edm na\u0161e k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky setkaj\u00ed, a mus\u00edm \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee on se k t\u00e9 sch\u016fzce dostavil zcela p\u0159esn\u011b!“<\/p>\n

Spolubesedn\u00edk obou admir\u00e1l\u016f m\u011bl dojem, \u017ee si z n\u011bho tito v\u00e1\u017en\u00ed p\u00e1nov\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edlej\u00ed, ale Hall klidn\u011b pokra\u010doval: \u201ePostarali jsme se o to, aby na\u0161e dva k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky neminuly c\u00edl. Ji\u017e jsem v\u00e1m \u0159ekl, \u017ee jsme m\u011bli n\u011bmeck\u00fd tajn\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed k\u00f3d. Ano, ten z lodi Magdeburg. Tak pozor! Admir\u00e1l Spee je ve Valparaisu, tady jsou na\u0161e dva k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky,“ ukazuje Hall na mapu, \u201ea tady je Berl\u00edn. A v Berl\u00edn\u011b je m\u016fj mu\u017e.“<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e1\u0161 mu\u017e, admir\u00e1le,“ podivil se spolubesedn\u00edk.<\/p>\n

\u201eAno, m\u016fj \u010dlov\u011bk,“ potvrdil Hall. \u201eM\u016fj agent. P\u0159ik\u00e1zal jsem mu, aby mi zjistil p\u0159esn\u011b postup, jak se pos\u00edlaj\u00ed telegramy n\u011bmeck\u00fdm k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk\u016fm na mo\u0159i. Agent mi sd\u011blil, \u017ee je to postup zcela jednoduch\u00fd. Posel z admirality \u0161el prost\u011b na hlavn\u00ed po\u0161tu a telegram odeslal. Pro tyto telegramy pou\u017e\u00edval Berl\u00edn zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f, a ne\u017e mohl b\u00fdt takov\u00fd telegram odesl\u00e1n, musel b\u00fdt oraz\u00edtkov\u00e1n na admiralit\u011b a v cenzu\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Nev\u00edm, jak to m\u016fj agent za\u0159\u00eddil a kone\u010dn\u011b by m\u011b to ani p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezaj\u00edmalo, ale on si prost\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 raz\u00edtka a formul\u00e1\u0159e opat\u0159il, nebo je snad pad\u011blal, kdov\u00ed? Nu\u017ee, m\u016fj berl\u00ednsk\u00fd agent za\u010dal jednat. Nosil s sebou toti\u017e u\u017e n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f telegram, kter\u00fd jsme mu poslali z Lond\u00fdna. Telegram byl seps\u00e1n tajn\u00fdm k\u00f3dem a obsahoval p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd a definitivn\u00ed rozkaz pro admir\u00e1la von Spee, aby odplul plnou parou k Falklandsk\u00fdm ostrov\u016fm a zni\u010dil rozhlasovou stanici v Port Stanley…\u201c<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dka, kterou admir\u00e1l Hall a Intelligence Service p\u0159ipravili n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu admir\u00e1lu von Spee, nebyla za 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky jedinou sv\u00e9ho druhu. Prakticky v t\u00e9\u017ee dob\u011b provedla tajn\u00e1 slu\u017eba je\u0161t\u011b jednu akci ur\u010denou k n\u00e1prav\u011b pochrouman\u00e9 pov\u011bsti britsk\u00fdch akci\u00ed v o\u010d\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, je\u0161t\u011b jednu komedii…<\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed agenti roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili na podzim 1914 po z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b f\u00e1mu, \u017ee se Anglie chyst\u00e1 vylodit na n\u011bkolika nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u010di m\u00e1lo chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00edstech n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed velk\u00e9 expedi\u010dn\u00ed jednotky. V N\u011bmecku, kam se to rychle doneslo, necht\u011bl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku takov\u00fdm pov\u011bstem nikdo v\u011b\u0159it. Kdy\u017e ale i c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed zv\u011bdov\u00e9 z Anglie hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee se snad opravdu n\u011bco chyst\u00e1, \u017ee se d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159esuny vojsk a lo\u010fstva, propukl v berl\u00ednsk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm stanu zmatek a gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 d\u011blali honem nutn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k odra\u017een\u00ed invaze.<\/p>\n

Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch agent\u016f z Anglie nebyla vymy\u0161len\u00e1. Se souhlasem vl\u00e1dy a z popudu admir\u00e1la Halla se toti\u017e vyd\u00e1valy skute\u010dn\u00e9 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed rozkazy s podpisy gener\u00e1l\u016f, jednotky nacvi\u010dovaly vylod\u011bn\u00ed, admiralita shrom\u00e1\u017edila v Doveru v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdch lodi \u2014 a v\u0161echno se d\u011blo ti\u0161e a potaj\u00ed, ale jen natolik, aby to neuniklo pozornosti p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u0161pi\u00f3n\u016f. I p\u0159ekvapen\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 \u201eDeuxi\u00e9me Bureau“ informovalo brzy Lond\u00fdn, \u017ee jeho agenti zjistili p\u0159eskupov\u00e1n\u00ed a soust\u0159e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk na atlantick\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, hlavn\u011b kolem Bremershavenu.<\/p>\n

Komedie vyvrcholila, kdy\u017e domn\u011bl\u00e9 britsk\u00e9 invazn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo vyplulo. K n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e zam\u00ed\u0159ily docela nevojensk\u00e9 parn\u00edky, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bez voj\u00e1k\u016f na palub\u011b, zato se siln\u00fdmi vys\u00edla\u010dkami. S pou\u017eit\u00edm jednoduch\u00e9ho k\u00f3du udr\u017eovaly tyto lod\u011b mezi sebou \u010dil\u00e9 spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 muselo u odposlouch\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch N\u011bmc\u016f vzbudit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obavy, leckde i poplach. Ov\u0161em\u017ee plan\u00fd… P\u0159esto splnila i tato komedie sv\u016fj \u00fakol a v kritick\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy to Anglie nejv\u00edc pot\u0159ebovala, pomohla pos\u00edlit jej\u00ed presti\u017e.<\/p>\n

Vra\u0165me se nyn\u00ed do Valparaisa.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e dostal admir\u00e1l von Spee podrobn\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fd rozkaz, aby vyplul s celou eskadrou k Falklandsk\u00fdm ostrov\u016fm, v\u016fbec ho nenapadlo, \u017ee by mohlo j\u00edt o podvrh, a a\u010dkoli se velmi podivil, byl rozhodnut rozkaz splnit. Ani\u017e se zm\u00ednil o tajn\u00e9 instrukci, sd\u011blil nov\u00fd \u00fakol velitel\u016fm lod\u00ed a n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkovi \u0161t\u00e1bu. Ti v\u0161ichni admir\u00e1la dlouho a zdvo\u0159ile p\u0159emlouvali, aby sv\u016fj pl\u00e1n zm\u011bnil, \u017ee je to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, ale neusp\u011bli.<\/p>\n

\"kdo1\"<\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fd k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk Dresden ve Valparaiso<\/em><\/p>\n

Admir\u00e1l von Spee m\u011bl po bitv\u011b u Coronelu zhruba t\u0159i mo\u017enosti: bu\u010f mohl poslat sv\u00e9 lod\u011b jednotliv\u011b na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 trasy obchodn\u00edho lo\u010fstva, aby tam \u2014 jako t\u0159eba k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk \u201eEmden“ \u2014 ohro\u017eovaly britskou dopravu. V tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by byla musela britsk\u00e1 admiralita na ochranu sv\u00fdch lod\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlit po v\u0161ech mo\u0159\u00edch mnoho bitevn\u00edch lod\u00ed, co\u017e mohlo v\u00e9st k oslaben\u00ed blok\u00e1dy n\u011bmeck\u00fdch lod\u00ed v severomo\u0159sk\u00fdch a baltick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstavech. Nebo mohl nechat von Spee eskadru pohromad\u011b a vyhledat si vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto i okam\u017eik k souboji s britskou eskadrou v Atlantiku, nad kterou m\u011bl p\u0159evahu, kdyby nedo\u0161lo k jej\u00edmu pos\u00edlen\u00ed. A za t\u0159et\u00ed se mohl admir\u00e1l pokusit prorazit blok\u00e1dou do N\u011bmecka. S t\u00edm se tak\u00e9 v Berl\u00edn\u011b nejv\u00edc po\u010d\u00edtalo.<\/p>\n

Tajn\u00fd rozkaz vyslan\u00fd z Berl\u00edna agentem Intelligence Service znamenal \u010dtvrtou, a to nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edznivou eventualitu. Kdy\u017e se n\u011bmeck\u00e9 bitevn\u00ed lod\u011b \u201eScharnhorst“ a \u201eGneisenau“ a lehk\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky \u201eN\u00fcrnberg“ a \u201eLeipzig“ pod vlajkou admir\u00e1la von Spee po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 plavb\u011b kolem Hornova mysu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily k Port Stanley na Falklandsk\u00fdch ostrovech, \u010dekala je tam v pln\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 pohotovosti britsk\u00e1 eskadra admir\u00e1la Sturdeeho, pos\u00edlen\u00e1 dv\u011bma k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky, je\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b den p\u0159edt\u00edm dorazily od ostrova Aegea ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i. Historick\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitva obou eskader trvala jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo hodin. Na jej\u00edm konci klesly v\u0161echny n\u011bmeck\u00e9 lod\u011b admir\u00e1la von Spee ke dnu…<\/p>\n

T\u00fd\u017e den pracovali je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fstojn\u00edci admirality v Berl\u00edn\u011b na t\u0159ech variant\u00e1ch pl\u00e1nu sou\u010dinnosti n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ponorek a bitevn\u00edho lo\u010fstva s eskadrou admir\u00e1la Spee, p\u00fdchou Vil\u00e9movy flotily. Kdy\u017e do\u0161la zpr\u00e1va o jej\u00edm zni\u010den\u00ed, nastalo v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed a smutek. Admir\u00e1lov\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee s v\u00fdjimkou ponorek jim u\u017e nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 skoro nic, \u010d\u00edm by mohli ohrozit britskou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hegemonii, nebo\u0165 bitevn\u00ed lod\u011b v p\u0159\u00edstavech Severn\u00edho a Baltick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e byly blokov\u00e1ny p\u0159evahou anglick\u00fdch lod\u00ed a nemohly se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hnout… Zato v Lond\u00fdn\u011b vl\u00e1dlo radostn\u00e9 vzru\u0161en\u00ed. Sir Reginald Hall se usm\u00edval a p\u0159ij\u00edmal pocty a blahop\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Britsk\u00e9 akcie na burze v New Yorku \u0161plhaly op\u011bt vzh\u016fru.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e dostal n\u011bmeck\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Vil\u00e9m II. p\u00edsemnou zpr\u00e1vu o bitv\u011b u Falklandsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, p\u0159ipsal na jej\u00ed okraj vlastnoru\u010dn\u011b: \u201eJe z\u00e1hadou, co p\u0159im\u011blo admir\u00e1la Spee, aby za\u00fato\u010dil na Falklandsk\u00e9 ostrovy…“<\/p>\n

Archiv NoS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Za\u010d\u00e1tek 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nevypadal pro britsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo, pov\u011bstnou \u201eGrand Fleet“, nijak r\u016f\u017eov\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[47,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}