{"id":2398,"date":"2020-01-29T21:12:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T20:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2017\/06\/08\/jak-mohlo-vypadat-ceskoslovensko\/"},"modified":"2020-01-29T21:38:35","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T20:38:35","slug":"jak-mohlo-vypadat-ceskoslovensko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/01\/29\/jak-mohlo-vypadat-ceskoslovensko\/","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u017ei\u010dt\u00ed Srbov\u00e9 mohli b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\"><strong>\u00dazem\u00ed historick\u00fdch zem\u00ed Horn\u00ed a Doln\u00ed Lu\u017eice, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Sasko a Braniborsko a v Polsku, pat\u0159ilo dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed k \u010desk\u00fdm zem\u00edm. Dnes ji\u017e \u010dasto nev\u00edm, \u017ee po skon\u010den\u00ed obou celosv\u011btov\u00fdch konflikt\u016f sta\u010dilo m\u00e1lo, aby tyto zem\u011b byly op\u011bt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Historick\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed Horn\u00ed a Doln\u00ed Lu\u017eice, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se pod\u00e9l toku \u0159eky Spr\u00e9vy, je dnes rozd\u011bleno mezi N\u011bmecko a Polsko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V N\u011bmecku je \u00fazem\u00ed rozd\u011bleno mezi Sasko a Braniborsko, v Polsku pak mezi Dolnoslezsk\u00e9 a Lubu\u0161sk\u00e9 vojvodstv\u00ed. Centrem Horn\u00ed Lu\u017eice, kter\u00e1 je bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u010cech\u00e1m, byla m\u011bsta Zho\u0159elec \u010di Budy\u0161\u00edn, centrem Doln\u00ed Lu\u017eice, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed severn\u011bji, bylo m\u011bsto Chot\u011bbuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slovansk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed, tedy Lu\u017ei\u010dt\u00ed Srbov\u00e9, jsou z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 velmi bl\u00edzko k Pol\u00e1k\u016fm, i n\u00e1m \u010cech\u016fm, z \u010deho\u017e pramenily jeho snahy o bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ji\u017e roku 1914 se slavjanofil<em> Karel Kram\u00e1\u0159<\/em> zam\u00fd\u0161lel nad sjednocen\u00edm obou Lu\u017eic s \u010cechami. Roku 1917 tento n\u00e1zor podpo\u0159il i prvn\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd prezident <em>T. G. Masaryk.<\/em> Na konci v\u00e1lky pak historik <em>Jan Kapras<\/em> a sorabista <em>Adolf \u010cern\u00fd<\/em> za\u010dali tyto \u00famysly prosazovat, ani\u017e by v\u0161ak m\u011bli jasn\u00e9 stanovisko Lu\u017eick\u00fdch Srb\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti byli zna\u010dn\u011b nespokojeni s n\u011bmeckou politikou a pom\u00fd\u0161leli tak\u00e9 na samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"450\" height=\"458\" src=\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/luzice.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2397\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska nebo vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na konci \u0159\u00edjna 1918 vznikl Srbsk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor pod veden\u00edm srbsk\u00e9ho poslance Arno\u0161ta Barta. Ten p\u0159i m\u00edrov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei zastupoval z\u00e1jmy Srb\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00edsto o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho st\u00e1tu v\u0161ak za\u010dal uva\u017eovat o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed srbsk\u00e9 oblasti k nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9mu \u010ceskoslovensku. Srbsk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky ztroskotaly hlavn\u011b na nez\u00e1jmu Spojenc\u016f, ale i na opatrn\u00e9m postoji \u010desk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Op\u011btovn\u00e9 pokusy po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eKr\u00e1tce po skon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (1946) vy\u0161lo v Praze memorandum, kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dalo ustaven\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 Lu\u017eice v jej\u00edch historick\u00fdch hranic\u00edch, respektive jej\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \u010ceskoslovensku. Po\u017eadavky se p\u0159itom r\u016fznily. \u010casto zazn\u011bl jazykov\u00fd argument, tj. p\u0159evzet\u00ed pouze \u00fazem\u00ed se srbsky mluv\u00edc\u00edm obyvatelstvem,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e ve sv\u00e9 knize odbornice na Lu\u017eici Lenka Bobkov\u00e1. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale je, \u017ee se mnohdy uva\u017eovalo i o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed \u017ditavska, kde byla zase pom\u011brn\u011b siln\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 men\u0161ina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Projekt p\u0159ipojen\u00ed Lu\u017eice k \u010cSR podpo\u0159ili lu\u017ei\u010dt\u00ed i \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed politikov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm argumentem byly historick\u00e9 st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed vazby i svazky nav\u00e1zan\u00e9 v dob\u00e1ch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed. Katolick\u00fd kn\u011bz Jan Cy\u017e, \u010dinitel lu\u017eickosrbsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hnut\u00ed, poslal u\u017e 5. kv\u011btna 1945 z koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora <em>Dachau<\/em> provol\u00e1n\u00ed prezidentu Bene\u0161ovi, ve kter\u00e9m prohla\u0161oval, \u017ee lu\u017eickosrbsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed pod jeho ochranu. Cy\u017e pot\u00e9 adresoval n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b se snahami o \u00fazkou spolupr\u00e1ci a mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ne\u00fasp\u011bchu <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. kv\u011btna 1946 se v Praze vytvo\u0159il Lu\u017eickosrbsk\u00fd zemsk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbor, kter\u00fd apeloval na Stalina i Bene\u0161e s memorandem l\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00edm utrpen\u00ed lu\u017eickosrbsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda v nacistick\u00e9m N\u011bmecku. Zd\u016fraz\u0148oval tak\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 vztahy mezi Srby a \u010cechy. Tato my\u0161lenka na\u0161la podporu i v \u010ceskoslovensku, zejm\u00e9na pak ve Spole\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00e1tel Lu\u017eice. Ov\u0161em ve\u0161ker\u00e9 snahy o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed skon\u010dily nezdarem ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu jako v roce 1918. I pro Bene\u0161e a dal\u0161\u00ed na\u0161e tehdej\u0161\u00ed politiky nebyla ot\u00e1zka Lu\u017eick\u00fdch Srb\u016f na po\u0159adu dne. \u0158e\u0161ily se n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a ma\u010farsk\u00e9 men\u0161iny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vztahy ochladly, ale nevymizely <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch letech se podpora Lu\u017eick\u00fdch Srb\u016f projevovala nap\u0159. ve z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed srbsk\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia v \u010cesk\u00e9 L\u00edp\u011b. pozd\u011bji bylo p\u0159esunuto do Varnsdorfu a kone\u010dn\u011b v roce 1948 do Budy\u0161\u00edna. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost na podporu pov\u011bdom\u00ed o Lu\u017eici vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 Spole\u010dnost p\u0159\u00e1tel Lu\u017eice, kter\u00e1 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 i \u010cesko-lu\u017eick\u00fd v\u011bstn\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sl\u00e1va Lu\u017eick\u00fdch Srb\u016f je d\u00e1vno pry\u010d. Dnes se k t\u00e9to n\u00e1rodnosti hl\u00e1s\u00ed pouze zhruba 60 000 osob, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech. Vlivem germanizace a migrace na z\u00e1pad se v\u0161ak tento po\u010det bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i nad\u00e1le sni\u017eovat a z historick\u00fdch slovansky obydlen\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed lu\u017eick\u00e1 srb\u0161tina pomalu vymiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Jaroslav Svoboda<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>SLOVANSK\u00c1 VZ\u00c1JEMNOST \u010d. 203\/2016<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dazem\u00ed historick\u00fdch zem\u00ed Horn\u00ed a Doln\u00ed Lu\u017eice, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Sasko a Braniborsko a v Polsku, pat\u0159ilo dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed k \u010desk\u00fdm zem\u00edm. Dnes ji\u017e \u010dasto nev\u00edm, \u017ee po skon\u010den\u00ed obou celosv\u011btov\u00fdch konflikt\u016f sta\u010dilo m\u00e1lo, aby tyto zem\u011b byly op\u011bt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2535,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[19,47,337],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2398"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2536,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2398\/revisions\/2536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}