{"id":2459,"date":"2020-01-24T22:24:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T21:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2018\/05\/03\/jak-usa-ziskaly-filipiny\/"},"modified":"2020-06-24T17:58:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T15:58:30","slug":"jak-usa-ziskaly-filipiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2020\/01\/24\/jak-usa-ziskaly-filipiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak USA z\u00edskaly Filip\u00edny"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

P\u0159ed 120 lety zah\u00e1jily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Filip\u00edn. 30.dubna 1898 americk\u00fd admir\u00e1l Dewey v Manilsk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce zni\u010dil \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo. V srpnu dorazily z USA jednotky, kter\u00e9 s pomoc\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00fdch povstalc\u016f veden\u00fdch Emiliem Aguinaldem 13.srpna 1898 dobyly Manilu (den po podeps\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed se \u0160pan\u011blskem a ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky).<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Americk\u00fd prezident McKinley, kter\u00fd prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee s\u00e1m nedok\u00e1\u017ee lokalizovat Filip\u00edny na map\u011b ani v rozmez\u00ed 2000 mil, nev\u011bd\u011bl co m\u00e1 d\u011blat. Podnikatel\u00e9 tla\u010dili na obsazen\u00ed ostrov\u016f z d\u016fvodu bl\u00edzkosti \u010c\u00edny a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby petroleje a textilu. Vlivn\u00e9 misijn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zase tou\u017eili zachr\u00e1nit „mal\u00e9ho hn\u011bd\u00e9ho bratra“. McKinley se nakonec rozhodl: „1) nem\u016f\u017eeme Filip\u00edny vr\u00e1tit \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm – to by bylo zbab\u011bl\u00e9, 2) nem\u016f\u017eeme je nechat na\u0161im obchodn\u00edm rival\u016fm (Evropan\u016fm), 3) nem\u016f\u017eeme jim d\u00e1t nez\u00e1vislost – oni si nejsou schopni vl\u00e1dnout, 4) mus\u00edme se ob\u011btovat, p\u0159evz\u00edt Filip\u00edny, vychov\u00e1vat Filip\u00ednce, zcivilizovat je a p\u0159iv\u00e9st ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, nebo\u0165 Kristus zem\u0159el i pro n\u011b..“ Nebylo to poprv\u00e9, ani naposled co se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 zapletou do s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159edstav o o spasen\u00ed Asie a zbohatnut\u00ed na jej\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b…<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Co na tom, \u017ee Filip\u00ednci u\u017e d\u00e1vno z 90% katol\u00edky byli, \u017ee USA jim sl\u00edbily nez\u00e1vislost a s touto vidinou n\u00e1rod bojoval se \u0160pan\u011bly, \u017ee filip\u00ednsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vyhl\u00e1sila 21. ledna 1899 republiku a Aguinaldo byl prohl\u00e1\u0161en prezidentem… Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 dr\u017eeli pouze Manilu a zbytek ostrov\u016f byl kontrolou filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 je sama osvobodila.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

4. \u00fanora 1899 vypukla nov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Organizovan\u00fd odpor Filip\u00ednc\u016f se zhroutil koncem roku 1899, ale i po dopaden\u00ed a uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed Emilia Aguinalda v b\u0159eznu 1901 pokra\u010dovala a\u017e do poloviny roku 1902 guerillov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Byla to \u0161pinav\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, kterou prov\u00e1zely masakry a mu\u010den\u00ed…jeden americk\u00fd plukovn\u00edk se chv\u00e1stal, \u017ee „spr\u00e1sk\u00e1 ty asiaty, a\u017e budou \u0159v\u00e1t o milost, mus\u00ed je zkrotit, aby se otev\u0159ela cesta k v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edchodu anglosask\u00e9ho pokroku a slu\u0161nosti…“<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 zv\u00edt\u011bzili – a Filip\u00ednci se pod\u0159\u00eddili, ale ne v\u0161ichni. Guvern\u00e9rovi provincie na ostrov\u011b Jolo, gener\u00e1lu Woodovi se jedn\u00e1n\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout kapitulace muslim\u016f Moro, a proto zah\u00e1jil 5. b\u0159ezna 1906 operaci s c\u00edlem dob\u00fdt Bud Dajo, kde se ukrylo n\u011bkolik set bojovn\u00edk\u016f Moro se sv\u00fdmi rodinami. Bud Dajo je kr\u00e1ter vyhasl\u00e9 sopky, kter\u00e1 je 620 metr\u016f vysok\u00e1 se strm\u00fdmi, d\u017eungl\u00ed porostl\u00fdmi svahy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Americk\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159electvo zah\u00e1jilo ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed vrcholu sopky s c\u00edlem oslabit odpor obr\u00e1nc\u016f. P\u011bchota zah\u00e1jila postup na vrchol hory a 7.b\u0159ezna ve\u010der dorazila a\u017e pod vrchol, kter\u00fd neprody\u0161n\u011b obkl\u00ed\u010dila. R\u00e1no 8. b\u0159ezna se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 probili k vrcholu sopky, obsadili jej\u00ed okraje a pak palbou z pu\u0161ek a kulomet\u016f post\u0159\u00edleli \u017eeny a d\u011bti ukr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v kr\u00e1teru.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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V bitv\u011b padlo 18 Ameri\u010dan\u016f a 52 jich bylo zran\u011bno. Na svaz\u00edch sopky a uvnit\u0159 kr\u00e1teru z\u016fstalo na 1000 mrtv\u00fdch domorodc\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161inou \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed, jejich mrtvoly le\u017eely p\u0159es sebe na mal\u00e9m prostoru, t\u011bla rozst\u0159\u00edlena kulkami z kulomet\u016f. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vzali do zajet\u00ed jen t\u0159i \u017eeny a \u010dty\u0159i d\u011bti. Gener\u00e1l Wood se sna\u017eil masakr ututlat a osobn\u011b cenzuroval v\u0161echny telegramy odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Filip\u00edn do USA.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pova\u017eovala Bud Dajo za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a na Wooda jen pr\u0161ela vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed. Zanedlouho do novin pronikly zpr\u00e1vy o smrti \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed a novin\u00e1\u0159i se ptali zda byl masakr nutn\u00fd. Wood v obran\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el s historkou, \u017ee \u017eeny Moros byly oble\u010deny stejn\u011b jako mu\u017ei a proto byly pobity a d\u011bti byly pr\u00fd bojovn\u00edky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako \u017eiv\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty… S dal\u0161\u00ed historkou p\u0159i\u0161el gener\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9r Filip\u00edn Henry Clay Ide, kter\u00fd ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee \u017eeny a d\u011bti byly zabity omylem p\u0159i d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 p\u0159ehradn\u00e9 palb\u011b, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed dobyt\u00edm vrcholu. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b Wood\u016fv p\u0159\u00edtel prezident Theodore Roosevelt se o uml\u010den\u00ed kritiky z\u00e1hy postaral.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Odpor lidu Moro pokra\u010doval, bylo svedeno je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik bitev a nakonec byli povstalci pora\u017eeni gener\u00e1l Johnem J. Pershingem v bitv\u011b u Bud Bagsaku v \u010dervnu 1913.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ve v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch v letech 1899-1913 zem\u0159elo 4 364 americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f (v\u011bt\u0161inou na n\u00e1sledky nemoc\u00ed), 3 142 bylo ran\u011bno. Celkem konfliktem pro\u0161lo v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina tehdej\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1dy USA. Ve v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch padlo asi 25 tis\u00edc povstalc\u016f. Civiln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty se odhaduj\u00ed na 250 tis\u00edc a v\u00edce (a\u017e 1,4 milionu), v\u011bt\u0161ina \u00famrt\u00ed byla zp\u016fsobena hladomory (n\u00e1sledek zni\u010den\u00ed \u00farody a pobit\u00ed dobytka US voj\u00e1ky) a epidemi\u00ed cholery.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Zdroj: Facebook<\/em><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed 120 lety zah\u00e1jily Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Filip\u00edn. 0.dubna 1898 americk\u00fd admir\u00e1l Dewey v Manilsk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce zni\u010dil \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo. V srpnu dorazily z USA jednotky, kter\u00e9 s pomoc\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00fdch povstalc\u016f veden\u00fdch Emiliem Aguinaldem 13.srpna 1898 dobyly Manilu (den po podeps\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed se \u0160pan\u011blskem a ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00e1lky).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[170,34],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2459"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3051,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions\/3051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}