{"id":254,"date":"2008-12-26T12:43:42","date_gmt":"2008-12-26T11:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/12\/26\/obraz-nmce-a-nmecka-2\/"},"modified":"2008-12-26T12:43:42","modified_gmt":"2008-12-26T11:43:42","slug":"obraz-nmce-a-nmecka-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2008\/12\/26\/obraz-nmce-a-nmecka-2\/","title":{"rendered":"OBRAZ N\u011aMCE A N\u011aMECKA \u2026 (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"Statut Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a Morava<\/em>, vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho 16. b\u0159ezna 1939, byl pro mnoh\u00e9 druhorepublikov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele doslova \u0161okem. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v jak\u00e9si podivn\u00e9 setrva\u010dnosti pokra\u010dovali v linii \u010desko-nacistick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a podp\u00edrali mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed legitimitu okupa\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu v jeho po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch. Fotografie p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho stisku rukou A. Hitlera a \u201e\u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho \u017di\u017eky" gener\u00e1la Jana Syrov\u00e9ho oblet\u011bla sv\u011btov\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 agentury. Tent\u00fd\u017e vysok\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel \u010ds. brann\u00e9 moci se iniciativn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnil p\u0159ehl\u00eddek wehrmachtu v okupovan\u00e9 vlasti. Cel\u00e1 druhorepublikov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, je\u017e se stala z\u00e1rove\u0148 prvn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed, se 19. b\u0159ezna 1939 \u00fa\u010dastnila slavnostn\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00eddky vojsk gener\u00e1la Blaskowitze na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed na po\u010dest obsazen\u00fdch \u010cech. <\/p>\n

\u201eByl to o\u0161kliv\u00fd dojem, na kter\u00fd se hned tak lehce nezapomene, d\u00edvat se v Praze z tribuny…na mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch tank\u016f a poslouchat cize zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pochody n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch hudebn\u00edch sbor\u016f, v jejich \u010dele byl nesen odznak s rolni\u010dkami a ko\u0148sk\u00fdm ohonem. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b podivn\u011b p\u0159ipadaly mi prostocviky buben\u00edk\u016f j\u00edzdy, kter\u00e9 rukama prov\u00e1d\u011bli s pali\u010dkami," poznamenal si ministr V. Klumpar. (5) S Hitlerovou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed triumfovali nad \u010deskoslovenskou st\u00e1tnost\u00ed i \u010de\u0161t\u00ed N\u011bmci-nacist\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Dne 3. dubna 1939 po\u0159\u00e1dal Konr\u00e1d Henlein na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m Hrad\u011b slavnostn\u00ed recepci jako civiln\u00ed komisa\u0159 spr\u00e1vy protektor\u00e1tu. Recepce se z\u00fa\u010dastnil st\u00e1tn\u00ed prezident a, s v\u00fdjimkou jednoho, v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 druhorepublikov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. P\u0159edsednictvo Strany n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty a Mlad\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty v prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u201e\u010cesk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu!" ze dne 16. b\u0159ezna 1939 vzalo na v\u011bdom\u00ed v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do \u201e\u017eivotn\u00edho prostoru N\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e". \u201eTuto skute\u010dnost bereme na v\u011bdom\u00ed a chceme podle n\u00ed za\u0159\u00eddit pr\u00e1ci n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty tak, abychom\u00a0 v loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed a poctiv\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci s na\u0161\u00edm velk\u00fdm sousedem zajistili sv\u00e9bytnost n\u00e1roda, jeho kulturn\u00ed, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 i mravn\u00ed hodnoty". (6) <\/p>\n

Patn\u00e1ct\u00fd b\u0159ezen 1939 nezastavil ani germanofilskou linii tisku SNJ. Venkov ze dne 16. b\u0159ezna 1939 heroizoval \u010deskou kapitulaci: N\u00e1rod byl shled\u00e1n \u201ezdrav\u00fdm", nebo\u0165 \u201eplnil na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, rozkazy, byl \u201e\u017eelezn\u011b uk\u00e1zn\u011bn", nebr\u00e1nil se a \u201enezkoumal kroky", kter\u00e9 vedly k okupaci. \u201eJen zr\u00e1dce n\u00e1roda a jeho z\u00e1jm\u016f by mohl dnes ve\u0159ejn\u011b nebo potaj\u00ed odp\u00edrati tomu, co n\u00e1\u0161 prezident a V\u016fdce N\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u010cestn\u011b dohodli.". (7) V provol\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eN\u011bmeck\u00e9mu lidu!\u201c A. Hitler zd\u016fvodnil obsazen\u00ed \u010c-SR ochranou \u010desk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f proti \u201enesnesiteln\u00e9mu teroristick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu \u010cesko-Slovenska". <\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky vstoupily na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, aby odzbrojily \u201eteroristick\u00e9 tlupy i \u010desk\u00e9 brann\u00e9 odd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 je kryj\u00ed.\u201c (8) Ochotn\u00fdm \u0161i\u0159itelem goebbelsovsk\u00e9 teze o \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vin\u011b na okupaci \u010c-SR se stal provl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd tisk. Podle \u010cesk\u00e9ho slova k 15. 3. 1939 do\u0161lo \u201evinou t\u011bch, kdo\u017e a\u017e do roku 1938 provozovali od z\u00e1kladu pochybenou politiku a kdo\u017e od uplynul\u00e9ho podzimu se nemohli vzchopit k tomu, aby z tehdej\u0161\u00edho nau\u010den\u00ed vyvodili jedin\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.\u201c (9) <\/p>\n

Obdobn\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00ed politika hl\u00e1sala \u010deskou vinu na tom, \u201e\u017ee se neudr\u017eel n\u00e1\u0161 samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t.\u201c (10) Patn\u00e1ct\u00fd b\u0159ezen 1939 uv\u00edtali \u010de\u0161t\u00ed fa\u0161ist\u00e9 ve SNJ i mimo ni. P\u0159\u00edchod n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek ch\u00e1pali sp\u00ed\u0161e jako z\u00e1sah proti \u201ekompromisnick\u00e9" Beranov\u011b konzervativn\u00ed pravici, je\u017e m\u011bla b\u00fdt zbavena moci. III. \u0158\u00ed\u0161e v jejich interpretaci podpo\u0159ila nastolen\u00ed nov\u00e9 autenticky fa\u0161istick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dni garnitury, ideov\u011b a takticky bl\u00edzk\u00e9 nacist\u016fm. <\/p>\n

\u201eOba n\u00e1rody, jak n\u011bmeck\u00fd, tak \u010desk\u00fd,\u201c m\u011bly kone\u010dn\u011b touto cestou \u201edosp\u011bt k pln\u00e9mu vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed", konstatovalo prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru z 15.3. 1939. \u201eDosavadn\u00ed, ni\u010d\u00edm neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e1 zatrpklost \u010cech\u016f v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u201edefinitivn\u011b odstran\u011bna.\u201c (11) <\/p>\n

Za krok ke sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s nacisty byl patrn\u011b pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n i velk\u00fd proti\u017eidovsk\u00fd pogrom, kter\u00fd \u010desk\u00e9 fa\u0161istick\u00e9 \u00faderky rozpoutaly p\u0159i zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o vstupu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk do \u010c-SR. Tehdy u \u010cesk\u00fdch fa\u0161ist\u016f kulminovala naivn\u00ed p\u0159edstava o \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9m fa\u0161istick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a ideov\u00e9m a bojov\u00e9m kamar\u00e1dstv\u00ed v z\u00e1pase za nacion\u00e1ln\u011b socialistickou revoluci. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed fa\u0161ist\u00e9 po\u017eadovali povinnou vojenskou slu\u017ebu pro \u010cechy v protektor\u00e1tu. Zast\u00e1vali z\u00e1sadu, \u017ee \u201emo\u017eno mluviti s N\u011bmci jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm.\u201c (Cyphelly). Vlajka\u0159sk\u00e1 interpretace svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed ideje odm\u00edtala poplatnost sv. V\u00e1clava v\u016f\u010di Jind\u0159ichovi I. a zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala, \u017ee \u0161lo o dobrovoln\u00fd akt \u010dist\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. (12) Z\u00e1sadu \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed zast\u00e1val i \u010cesk\u00fd svaz pro spolupr\u00e1ci s N\u011bmci a Svaz v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f gener\u00e1la \u010detnictva O. Bl\u00e1hy. <\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd obraz N\u011bmce a N\u011bmecka, jako lenn\u00edho p\u00e1na \u010cecha, sd\u00edlela ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed reprezentace okolo st\u00e1tn\u00edho prezidenta E. H\u00e1chy. H\u00e1ch\u016fv politick\u00fd tajemn\u00edk doc. Josef Kliment uv\u00edtal v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed politice 19.3.1939 z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed protektor\u00e1tu pod charakteristick\u00fdm titulkem \u201eObnovuje se svat\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1." Z\u00e1rove\u0148 projevil vazalskou touhu, aby \u201en\u00e1s dne\u0161n\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e mohla po vzoru na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f pova\u017eovati za sv\u00e9ho nejlep\u0161\u00edho nen\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u010dlena." <\/p>\n

\u201eB\u00fdt dobr\u00fdm \u010cechem a spolehliv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkem \u0158\u00ed\u0161e" – zn\u011blo heslo H\u00e1chova okruhu. Pro austroslavistu a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho univerzalistu E. H\u00e1chu byla samostatn\u00e1 \u010cSR nep\u0159irozenou anom\u00e1li\u00ed, za organick\u00e9 naopak pokl\u00e1dal setrv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti v nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9. Sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdhradami k existenci \u010ceskoslovenska se netajil, a\u010dkoli byl jeho nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem. \u00davahami na toto t\u00e9ma zah\u00e1jil i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s A. Hitlerem 15. 3. 1939. V rozhlasov\u00e9m projevu 16. 3. 1939 vzpomenul roku 1918. Ji\u017e tehdy pr\u00fd soudil, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed samostatnost nen\u00ed pro \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1rod \u0161t\u011bst\u00edm. H\u00e1ch\u016fv okruh se pokou\u0161el legitimizovat autonomii protektor\u00e1tu ve vztahu ke III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161i o\u017eiven\u00edm \u201estarobyl\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho svazku" mezi st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdm \u010cesk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a Svatou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmskou. <\/p>\n

Tato histori\u010dko-st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed argumentace ve vztahu ke III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161i byla z\u00e1kladem suplik a intervenc\u00ed na obhajobu protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed, kulturn\u00ed, jazykov\u00e9 a person\u00e1ln\u00ed autonomie. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b H\u00e1chova skupina tou\u017eila, aby III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nebyla ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1na pouze s N\u011bmeckem. Z iniciativy J. Klimenta u \u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 po\u0161tovn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy byl zm\u011bn\u011bn n\u00e1zev na po\u0161tovn\u00edch zn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch z Deutsches Reich na Grossdeutsches Reich. (13) <\/p>\n

Povinnost\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho lenn\u00edho p\u00e1na bylo autonomn\u00ed \u201epr\u00e1va" v\u016f\u010di \u010desk\u00e9mu vazalovi dodr\u017eet, povinnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho vazala bylo akceptovat \u201eprincip ochrany mal\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda vedouc\u00edm n\u00e1rodem", n\u00e1rodn\u011b socialistick\u00e9 hodnoty a pom\u00e1hat v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e ve v\u00e1lce. \u201eVe stalet\u00ed ilegalit jsem cht\u011bl prosadit legitimitu starobyl\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti i za cenu tvrd\u00fdch do\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00fastupk\u016f." (J. Kliment). Odboj H\u00e1chova a Klimentova skupina neuzn\u00e1vala, nebo\u0165 \u0161lo o \u201eboj nedovolen\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky mimo pr\u00e1vo," jakoby snad III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla pr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u00e1tem. Naopak, krotk\u00e9 spory \u010desk\u00fdch protektor\u00e1tn\u00edch not\u00e1bl\u016f o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed formulace, argumentace historick\u00fdmi privilegii, intervence za osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tele a zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny a m\u00edsty pokl\u00e1dal J. Kliment za \u201eleg\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed odboj." (14) <\/p>\n

Obraz n\u011bmectv\u00ed v \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v protektor\u00e1tu vytv\u00e1\u0159ela t\u00e9\u017e aktivn\u011b III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. \u201eAutonomie" byla st\u00e1le v\u00edce formalizov\u00e1na, \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 instituce \u0159\u00eddily chod protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed administrativy, mj. i \u010desk\u00e1 masm\u00e9dia a \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b prosazovan\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 pojet\u00ed \u201eautonomie" nad pojet\u00edm \u010desky n\u00e1rodn\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148ovalo zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b po roce 1942 infiltraci N\u011bmc\u016f do protektor\u00e1tn\u00edch struktur a jejich p\u0159\u00edmou \u00fa\u010dast na modelov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho pov\u011bdom\u00ed. \u010ce\u0161i se v protektor\u00e1tu dostali do denn\u00edho a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdmi N\u011bmci. Tento styk tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnil obraz N\u011bmce. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Statut Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a Morava, vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho 16. b\u0159ezna 1939, byl pro mnoh\u00e9 druhorepublikov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele doslova \u0161okem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[68],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}