![\"venezuela\"](\"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2007\/10\/venezuela.jpg\" "\\"venezuela\\"")
Hlavn\u00ed body p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed reformy\u00a0 <\/p>\n Hlavn\u00ed body p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed reformy\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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\u00dastavn\u00ed reforma zaru\u010duje politickou pluralitu<\/strong> <\/p>\n \u00a0N\u00e1vrh reformy uprav\u00ed pouze 10 % \u00dastavy, 33 z 345 \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku 342 \u00dastavy, reforma nezm\u011bn\u00ed strukturu ani z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy textu, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek 2, kter\u00fd definuje Venezuelu jako \u201edemokratick\u00fd, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd h\u00e1j\u00ed jako\u017eto nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty sv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a jedn\u00e1n\u00ed: \u017eivot, svobodu, spravedlnost, rovnost, solidaritu, demokracii, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, etiku, politickou pluralitu a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.\u201c <\/p>\n O schv\u00e1len\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed reformy rozhodne venezuelsk\u00fd lid v referendu<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n \u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed je pov\u011b\u0159eno pouze schv\u00e1len\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu reformy. Pot\u00e9 bude tento n\u00e1vrh reformy podroben lidov\u00e9mu referendu za \u00fa\u010delem jeho schv\u00e1len\u00ed, v souladu s ustanoven\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku 344 venezuelsk\u00e9 \u00dastavy. Reforma nestanov\u00ed neomezen\u00e9 ani do\u017eivotn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed prezidenta republiky<\/strong> <\/p>\n \u00a0Navrhovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m znovuzvolen\u00ed prezidenta republiky nen\u00ed ani neomezen\u00fd ani do\u017eivotn\u00ed. Prezident bude moci b\u00fdt znovuzvolen na tolik po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch funk\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed, kolik mu umo\u017en\u00ed lid prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u0161elidov\u00e9ho, svobodn\u00e9ho a transparentn\u00edho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u00e1vrh reformy nem\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9m odvolac\u00edho referenda v polovin\u011b volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed, plat\u00edc\u00ed pro v\u0161echny funkce zvolen\u00e9 v lidov\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, v\u010detn\u011b prezidenta republiky.\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0Setrv\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta republiky u moci bude z\u00e1viset na demokratick\u00e9 v\u016fli Venezuelan\u016f a Venezuelanek, jak je tomu u v\u011bt\u0161iny st\u00e1t\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie, z nich\u017e nejp\u0159\u00edhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Helmut Kohl, p\u0159edstavitel N\u011bmeck\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165ansko demokratick\u00e9 strany, zast\u00e1val funkci feder\u00e1ln\u00edho kancl\u00e9\u0159e nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b po dobu 16-ti let; Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez, p\u0159edstavitel \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 d\u011blnick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00fd byl opakovan\u011b zvolen do funkce p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1dy a str\u00e1vil v \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b 14-let; Jacques Chirac, p\u0159edstavitel pr\u00e1v\u011b vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed strany Unie za lidov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, opakovan\u011b zvolen\u00fd do funkce, kterou zast\u00e1val po dobu 12-ti let (1995-2007); a sou\u010dasn\u00fd prezident Slovinska, Janez Drnov\u0161ek, zvolen\u00fd do funkce p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1dy v roce 1992 a pot\u00e9 do funkce prezidenta v roce 2003, kter\u00fd je u moci po nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 obdob\u00ed 15-ti let. <\/p>\n Venezuelsk\u00fd prezident ji\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat u moci \u201edo\u017eivotn\u011b\u201c<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>\n \u00a0\u00dastava Bol\u00edvarovsk\u00e9 republiky Venezuela, schv\u00e1len\u00e1 v lidov\u00e9m referendu v prosinci 1999, zamezila snah\u00e1m prezident\u016f udr\u017eet se u moci na dobu neur\u010ditou. Tito se nech\u00e1vali po ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdob\u00edch opakovan\u011b zvolit do funkce a vykon\u00e1vali \u00fa\u0159ad \u201edo\u017eivotn\u00edho sen\u00e1tora\u201c. <\/p>\n \u00a0Do roku 1999 m\u011bl prezident \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo setrvat u moci. Mohl b\u00fdt znovuzvolen, a\u010dkoliv ne v po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch volebn\u00edch obdob\u00edch, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017e\u00edval v\u00fdsady st\u00e1t se po skon\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed do\u017eitn\u00edm sen\u00e1torem. Tak vykon\u00e1val svou moc, ani\u017e by se zodpov\u00eddal n\u00e1rodu a podroboval se v\u016fli lidu. Jako \u201edo\u017eivotn\u00ed\u201c sen\u00e1tor m\u011bl prezident tak\u00e9 \u201edo\u017eivotn\u00ed\u201c imunitu a mohl se tak vyhnout spravedlnosti, i kdyby byl zat\u00ed\u017een obvin\u011bn\u00edm z korupce. Podle zn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00dastavy z roku 1961, nemohl b\u00fdt nikdy \u201ezadr\u017een, zat\u010den, uv\u011bzn\u011bn, ani podroben trestn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, osobn\u00ed \u010di domovn\u00ed prohl\u00eddce, ani omezen ve vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, [a] \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci \u010di st\u00e1tn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed by naru\u0161ili [jeho] imunitu, budou potrest\u00e1ni v souladu se z\u00e1konem.\u201c <\/p>\n \u00a0D\u00edky \u00dastav\u011b z roku 1999 m\u00e1 jen svrchovan\u00fd venezuelsk\u00fd lid moc zvolit, znovuzvolit \u010di odvolat kter\u00e9hokoliv \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka, zvolen\u00e9ho do funkce v lidov\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, v\u010detn\u011b prezidenta republiky, a to v procesu, jeho\u017e transparentnost zaru\u010duje volebn\u00ed org\u00e1n. <\/p>\n \u00dastavn\u00ed reforma uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 a zaru\u010duje soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n \u00a0Krom soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed by byly uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny a zaru\u010dov\u00e1ny i jin\u00e9 formy vlastnictv\u00ed: ve\u0159ejn\u00e9, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm; soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed lidu, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 – spravovan\u00e9 st\u00e1tem ve jm\u00e9nu obce, a p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u2013 p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 st\u00e1tem p\u0159\u00edmo; kolektivn\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edm skupin\u00e1m za \u00fa\u010delem jeho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed; a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9, tvo\u0159en\u00e9 spojen\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho, soci\u00e1ln\u00edho, kolektivn\u00edho a soukrom\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n Z materi\u00e1l\u016f velvyslanectv\u00ed Bol\u00edvarsk\u00e9 republiky Venezuela v \u010cR. D\u011bkujeme<\/em> <\/p>\n CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM<\/strong> <\/p>\n The Constitutional Reform guarantees Political Pluralism<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0The proposed reform is partial and will only modify 10% of the Constitution, 33 out of 345 articles. Abiding by Article 342 of the Constitution, the Reform will not modify the structure or the fundamental principles of the text, amongst which Article 2 defines Venezuela as a \u201cDemocratic and Social State of rights and justice\u201dwhich advocates as high value its juristic order and action, life, liberty, justice, equality, solidarity, democracy, social responsibility and in general the pre-eminence of the human rights, ethics and political pluralism\u201d. <\/p>\n The Constitutional Reform will only be approved by the Venezuelan people via a Referendum.<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0The National Assembly will be in charge of approving only the Reform proposal. Subsequently, the reform proposal is submitted to a popular referendum for its approval according to Article 344 of the National Constitution. The Reform does not contemplate the perpetual re-election or presidency for life of the President of the Republic<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0The type of re-election proposed by the President of the Republic is not perpetual or for life. The President can be re-elected on a continuous basis as many times as the people want via universal, free and transparent voting. The proposal of the Reform maintains the mid term revoke referendum for all positions of popular election, including that of the President of the Republic.\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0The standing of the President of the Republic in power will depend on the democratic willingness of the Venezuelan people as occurs in the majority of the countries of the European Union, being emblematic cases such as Helmut Kohl of the German Christian Democratic Party, elected and re-elected Federal Chancellor continuously for 16 years; Felipe Gonzalez of the Spanish Socialist Labour Party, elected and re-elected President of the Government for 14 years. Jacques Chirac of A Union for Popular Movement, party presently in power, elected and re-elected between 1995 and 2007 for 12 years, and the present President of Slovenia, Janez Drnovsek, elected Prime Minister in 1992 and subsequently President from 2003 for a total of 15 continuous years in power. <\/p>\n Presidents in Venezuela cannot anymore hold positions of \u201cSenator for Life\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0The Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, approved by popular referendum in 1999, put an end to Presidents\u2019 pretensions to stay in power indefinitely, being reelected after a certain period of time and holding the post of \u201cSenator for Life\u201d. \u00a0Thanks to the Constitution of 1999, only the people\u2019s sovereignty has the power to elect, reelect or revoke the mandate of any government official who is elected by popular vote, including the President, and through a process with transparency guaranteed by the Electoral Power. <\/p>\n The Constitutional Reform recognizes and guarantees private property<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0Apart from private property, other forms of property would be recognized and guaranteed: public property, which belongs to the State; social property, which belongs to the people and can be indirect (when exercised by the State on behalf of the community) or indirect (when allocated directly by the State); collective property, which belongs to social groups who can benefit from it, use it or enjoy it together; and mix property which is integrated by public, social, collective and private sectors. <\/p>\n \u00a0 <\/p>\n Reforma Constitucional<\/strong> <\/p>\n El Presidente Bolivariana de Venezuela, Hugo Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas, present\u00f3 ante el pueblo venezolano, el pasado 15 de agosto un anteproyecto de Reforma Constitucional <\/p>\n Este anteproyecto plantea la modificaci\u00f3n de menos del 10% del articulado del texto, 33 de 350 art\u00edculos, sin afectar en forma alguna su estructura ni sus principios fundamentales <\/p>\n Anteproyecto de Reforma Constitucional ser\u00e1 discutido y debatido por el pueblo Reforma Constitucional garantiza el pluralismo pol\u00edtico El pluralismo pol\u00edtico es un principio fundamental de la Constituci\u00f3n y no puede ni podr\u00e1 ser modificado o eliminado <\/p>\n La Reforma Constitucional s\u00f3lo podr\u00e1 ser aprobada por el pueblo venezolano mediante referendo El Proyecto de Reforma ser\u00e1 sometido a referendo popular para su aprobaci\u00f3n. As\u00ed lo establece el art\u00edculo 344 de la Constituci\u00f3n Nacional <\/p>\n La Reforma no contempla la reelecci\u00f3n perpetua ni vitalicia del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica La permanencia del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica en el poder El Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) seguir\u00e1 participando en la formulaci\u00f3n y ejecuci\u00f3n de la pol\u00edtica monetaria La Reforma Constitucional contempla el trabajo conjunto entre el BCV y el Ejecutivo en la formulaci\u00f3n y ejecuci\u00f3n de la pol\u00edtica monetaria y manejo de reservas <\/p>\n La Reforma Constitucional reconoce y garantiza la propiedad privada Tambi\u00e9n reconoce y garantiza otras formas de propiedad como la p\u00fablica, la social, la colectiva y la mixta <\/p>\n La Reforma Constitucional contempla reivindicaciones importantes de los trabajadores La Reforma plantea la reducci\u00f3n de la jornada laboral a 36 horas semanales, en lugar de 40 horas y creaci\u00f3n de un Fondo para trabajadores y trabajadoras independientes <\/p>\n La Reforma Constitucional no contempla la eliminaci\u00f3n de Estados o Municipios Hlavn\u00ed body p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed reformy\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[11],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00a0Reforma bude schv\u00e1lena, podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 345, \u201e(…) pokud po\u010det souhlasn\u00fdch hlas\u016f bude vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010det hlas\u016f zam\u00edtav\u00fdch.\u201c Jen svrchovan\u00fd venezuelsk\u00fd lid, bez ohledu na svou orientaci a politick\u00e9 sympatie, m\u016f\u017ee ve sv\u00e9m d\u016fsledku schv\u00e1lit zm\u011bny ve venezuelsk\u00e9 \u00dastav\u011b. <\/p>\n
The Reform will be approved, according to Article 345 \u201c(\u2026) if the number of affirmative votes is superior to the number of negative votes\u201d. Consequently, only the Venezuelan sovereign, independent of its political inclinations can approve the changes to the National Constitution. <\/p>\n
\u00a0Until 1999, Presidents had the constitutional right to be perpetuated in power. They could be reelected, although not continuously and in any case they held the privileges of being Senators for Life once their mandate had ended. This way, they exercised power without answering to the Nation and without bowing to popular will. As Senators for Life, Presidents also had privileges \u201cfor life\u201d, being able to elude justice even when charges of corruption against them were overwhelming. According to the old constitution of 1961, they could never be \u201carrested, detained, confined or be subjected to a penal trial, personal or domiciliary searches, or be restricted in the exercise of their functions [and] officials or government employees who violated [their] immunity would be penalized in accordance with the law\u201d.\u00a0 <\/p>\n
El presidente de la Rep\u00fablica exhort\u00f3 a toda la sociedad a discutir y debatir el anteproyecto de Reforma Constitucional <\/p>\n
depender\u00e1 de la voluntad democr\u00e1tica del pueblo venezolano, tal y como ocurre en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses de Europa <\/p>\n
La Reforma s\u00f3lo propone ampliar el espectro del ordenamiento territorial, con la incorporaci\u00f3n de nuevas entidades como las \u201cRegiones Mar\u00edtimas\u201d, entre otras <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"