{"id":286,"date":"2009-02-01T19:18:01","date_gmt":"2009-02-01T18:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/pro-levice-odmita-lisabonskou-smlouvu-3\/"},"modified":"2009-02-01T19:18:01","modified_gmt":"2009-02-01T18:18:01","slug":"pro-levice-odmita-lisabonskou-smlouvu-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/02\/01\/pro-levice-odmita-lisabonskou-smlouvu-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d levice odm\u00edt\u00e1 Lisabonskou smlouvu (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"eu\"EU mus\u00ed b\u00fdt demokratick\u00e1 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159sko- a finan\u010dn\u011bpolitick\u00fdm j\u00e1drem Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy, odm\u00edtnut\u00e9 referendem v Irsku, je n\u00e1vrh odm\u00edtnut\u00e9 tzv. Evropsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy. <\/p>\n

Po prvn\u00edm \u0161oku z hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed Ir\u016f se vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f rychle dohodly na eurokratick\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u201eirsk\u00e9 krize": ratifika\u010dn\u00ed proces m\u00e1 pokra\u010dovat a Irov\u00e9 by si m\u011bli v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce (alespo\u0148 podle p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f) referendum zopakovat. Tento postup v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany a jejich vl\u00e1dy v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed rozsah krize, ve kter\u00e9 se ocitla Evropsk\u00e1 unie, l\u017eou o n\u00ed nebo si ji ep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Od prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch voleb do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 1979, kter\u00fdch se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo na 63% opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f v r\u00e1mci EU, lze sledovat kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed pokles volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti. P\u0159i posledn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch do EP v roce 2004 \u010dinila volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Francii a N\u011bmecku n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 40%. Pohled mnoha etablovan\u00fdch politik\u016f na rostouc\u00ed legitima\u010dn\u00ed krizi EU je takov\u00fd: Brusel je daleko, EU je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 komplikovan\u00e1 a ob\u010dan\u00e9 j\u00ed nerozum\u011bj\u00ed a nem\u011bli by tedy o Unii rozhodovat, zejm\u00e9na pak cestou referenda. Nechce-li ob\u010dan to, co cht\u011bj\u00ed vl\u00e1dci, jsou jeho interven\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti redukov\u00e1ny na minimum. <\/p>\n

Krize v EU se bude prohlubovat<\/strong> <\/p>\n

S politickou prax\u00ed \u201ejen tak d\u00e1l" se bude krize v EU jen prohlubovat. D\u016fv\u011bra ob\u010dan\u016f v evropskou integraci bude nad\u00e1le klesat, nebo\u0165 legitima\u010dn\u00ed krize m\u00e1 hlubok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, kter\u00e9 jsou tzv. elitami zaml\u010dov\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby, co projekt jednotn\u00e9ho vnit\u0159n\u00edho trhu a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n neoliber\u00e1ln\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm modelem, nepokl\u00e1daj\u00ed u\u017e ob\u010dan\u00e9 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Evropskou unii za synonymum rostouc\u00edho blahobytu, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a v\u00edce pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Naopak, pohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed na Unii jako na n\u00e1stroj sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mezd, ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch z\u00e1sah\u016f do syst\u00e9m\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU jsou nuceni za\u017e\u00edvat d\u016fsledky t\u011bchto soci\u00e1ln\u011bekonomick\u00fdch proces\u016f: <\/p>\n

– stagnace re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mezd od poloviny 90. let,
– v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pod\u00edlu p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na mzd\u011b na hrub\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edm produktu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v tzv. euroz\u00f3n\u011b,
– st\u00e1le se prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed nerovnost mezi chud\u00fdmi a bohat\u00fdmi v cel\u00e9 EU,
– dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00edzkomzdov\u00e9ho sektoru,
– odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1vek pro nezam\u011bstnan\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na pak dlouhodob\u011b nezam\u011bstnan\u00e9, v d\u016fsledku liber\u00e1ln\u00edch reforem pracovn\u00edho trhu,
– zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hranice n\u00e1roku na starobn\u00ed d\u016fchod, zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotnick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de,
– p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch podnikatel\u016f, a to ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU,
– odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v podnic\u00edch, jejich\u017e kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 rendity z\u00e1rove\u0148 velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b stoupaj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Za tento v\u00fdvoj sice neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 jen samotn\u00e1 EU, av\u0161ak pod neoliber\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017ei\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed principy, zalo\u017een\u00e9 Jednotn\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm aktem z roku 1987 a Maastrichtskou smlouvou z roku 1993, v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011bekonomick\u00e9 procesy v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlily. Jejich \u00faheln\u00fdmi kameny jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm konstrukce hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky a syst\u00e9m konkuruj\u00edc\u00edch si st\u00e1t\u016f v EU. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika EU, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed (finan\u010dn\u00ed) a fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky, m\u00e1 dva syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 nedostatky. <\/p>\n

Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed politika, veden\u00e1 Evropskou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou, je podle Smlouvy o EU prim\u00e1rn\u011b zav\u00e1z\u00e1na k pen\u011b\u017en\u011b-hodnotov\u00e9 stabilit\u011b a nikoli – rovnocenn\u011b – hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu r\u016fstu a zam\u011bstnanosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je evropsk\u00e1 fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed politika, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z nam\u00e1hav\u00e9 koordinace n\u00e1rodn\u00edch fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch politik, zam\u011b\u0159ena, na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed zakl\u00e1dac\u00edch smluv a Paktu stability, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na koordinaci rozpo\u010dt\u016f. Pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed a fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed politika proto sp\u00ed\u0161e tlum\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst a rozvoj zam\u011bstnanosti a nezasahuje aktivn\u011b do boje s hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi krizemi. <\/p>\n

Vedle hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 jednostrann\u011b na monet\u00e1rn\u00ed a fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu, lze za druh\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 neoliber\u00e1ln\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kladu EU, jen\u017e by m\u011bl b\u00fdt zakotven v Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouv\u011b, ozna\u010dit syst\u00e9m navz\u00e1jem si konkuruj\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f.
Ve v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Evropsk\u00e9 unie jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 kompetence us\u00eddlen\u00e9 na evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni (vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh, spole\u010dn\u00e1 m\u011bna), zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na \u00farovni \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje, tarifn\u00ed mzdy). Zejm\u00e9na v tzv. euroz\u00f3n\u011b, kde jako n\u00e1razn\u00edk k vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159esun\u016f mezi st\u00e1ty odpadla m\u011bnov\u00e1 revalvace a devalvace, staly se nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi faktory pro rozmis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159esuny v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00e1kladen mzdy, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klady a dan\u011b. A pr\u00e1v\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm mezd, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a dan\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed st\u00e1ty p\u0159il\u00e1kat nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l. <\/p>\n

Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mzdy zejm\u00e9na v tzv. euroz\u00f3n\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesaj\u00ed od poloviny 90. let. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm N\u011bmecko se sna\u017eilo a sna\u017e\u00ed nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mezd (mzdov\u00fdm dumpingem) vytv\u00e1\u0159et podm\u00ednky pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdhod oproti jin\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. Ov\u0161em ke mzdov\u00e9mu dumpingu doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 v jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Irsku a v zem\u00edch st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EU mus\u00ed b\u00fdt demokratick\u00e1 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":275,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[9],"tags":[28],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}