{"id":320,"date":"2009-04-14T17:55:44","date_gmt":"2009-04-14T15:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/04\/14\/aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-1\/"},"modified":"2009-04-14T17:55:44","modified_gmt":"2009-04-14T15:55:44","slug":"aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/2009\/04\/14\/aktualni-ideologicko-politicke-otazky-mkh-1\/","title":{"rendered":"AKTU\u00c1LN\u00cd IDEOLOGICKO-POLITICK\u00c9 OT\u00c1ZKY MKH (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"logo\"ELIS\u00c9OS VAGENAS, \u0158ECKO – Je bez pochyb, \u017ee zvolen\u00e9 t\u00e9ma je velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 a mnoh\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dnes \u0159e\u010deno. Ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se soust\u0159ed\u00edm na 7 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch okruh\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s v Komunistick\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0158ecka zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 na ideologicko-politick\u00e9 rozpory charakterizuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hodnocen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta <\/p>\n

Nutn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem k nar\u00fdsov\u00e1n\u00ed strategie komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed charakteru sou\u010dasn\u00e9 epochy. V\u00fdsledkem kontrarevoluce v SSSR a ostatn\u00edch socialistick\u00fdch zem\u00edch je obecn\u00e1 chaotick\u00e1 situace. Existuj\u00ed tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed dokonce hovo\u0159ili o \u201ekonci historie", \u010d\u00edm\u017e cht\u011bli vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee kapitalismus je v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd. Existuj\u00ed jin\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee je realizovateln\u00fd kvalitativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m, odli\u0161n\u00fd od toho, jak jej definovali a analyzovali Marx a Lenin, a kter\u00e9 pojmenovali jako stadium \u201eglobalizace" nebo \u201esuper-imperialismu". <\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 je v\u0161ak skute\u010dnost? Podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru jak\u00e9koliv zm\u011bny, ke kter\u00fdm dnes, tedy v dob\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho kapitalismu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, nezpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky kapitalismu, jak je odhalil Marx a Engels. Marxistick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza akciov\u00e9 korporace jako v\u00fdsledku zespole\u010den\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby a pas\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed zr\u00e1n\u00ed objektivn\u00edch podm\u00ednek pro p\u0159echod k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdrobn\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezpochybniteln\u00e9 a mohli bychom \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 doba jejich platnost je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce potvrzuje. A to proto, \u017ee existuje rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed akciov\u00e9ho soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odd\u00e1len\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00edka od bezprost\u0159edn\u00edho procesu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a uplatn\u011bn\u00ed akciov\u00fdch forem vlastnictv\u00ed v nov\u00fdch oborech jako nap\u0159. zdravotnictv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, kultura, sport ad. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 monopoly nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e velk\u00fdm soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm kapit\u00e1l\u016f akciov\u00fdch korporac\u00ed s velk\u00fdm pod\u00edlem na trhu, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se d\u00e1le vyost\u0159uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozpor kapitalismu: zespole\u010den\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby a pr\u00e1ce naproti soukrom\u00e9mu vlastnictv\u00ed produkt\u016f. Lenin, buduj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00e9 teorie na z\u00e1klad\u011b marxistick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, definoval z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho kapitalismu v jeho nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stadiu – v imperialismu, co\u017e plat\u00ed i dnes. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho pova\u017euje Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u0158ecka sou\u010dasnou epochu za epochu p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k socialismu a na tomto z\u00e1v\u011bru buduje svou strategii s c\u00edlem \u201ep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit se" prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 revoluci. <\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 globaliza\u010dn\u00ed teorie podporuj\u00ed uv\u011bzn\u011bni lidov\u00fdch hnut\u00ed v r\u00e1mci kapitalismu t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010dasto p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed rozporupln\u00e1 a navz\u00e1jem se vyvracej\u00edc\u00ed hesla jako nap\u0159. \u201e\u010clov\u011bk nad ziskem!", a to ve chv\u00edli, kdy z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou t\u0159\u00eddy pracuj\u00edc\u00edch a v\u0161eho lidu je jak se zbavit kapitalistick\u00fdch zisk\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed prezentovat zd\u00e1nliv\u011b t\u0159\u00eddn\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch fenom\u00e9n\u016f. Hovo\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. o rozporech a antagonismech \u201eSeveru a Jihu", \u201erozvinut\u00fdch a zaostal\u00fdch zem\u00ed" a sna\u017e\u00ed se zav\u00e9st d\u011blnickou t\u0159\u00eddu do pasti \u201ejednoty" s tzv. n\u00e1rodn\u011b orientovan\u00fdm kapit\u00e1lem, tedy s bur\u017eoazi\u00ed t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 zem\u011b (nebo jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed), a vyvolat pocit antagonismu s d\u011blnickou t\u0159\u00eddou ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b argument\u016f o zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9 globalizaci. Sna\u017e\u00ed se dezorientovat d\u011blnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, a tak mu zakr\u00fdt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozpor mezi kapit\u00e1lem a prac\u00ed. Hn\u00e1ni \u201edruhou m\u00edzou" recykluj\u00ed star\u00fd trockistick\u00fd argument o tom, \u017ee socialismus nem\u016f\u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bzit v jedn\u00e9 zemi nebo ve skupin\u011b zem\u00ed, \u017ee bu\u010f zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed v\u0161ude, nebo nikde. Tento n\u00e1zor prohla\u0161uj\u00ed za sv\u016fj hlavn\u011b p\u0159\u00edvr\u017eenci tzv. nov\u00e9 levice, tedy politick\u00e9 s\u00edly sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pravicov\u00e9ho oportunismu, a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, jen\u017e hovo\u0159\u00ed o p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed stadia z\u00e1pasu na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni a z\u00e1rove\u0148 o sou\u010dasn\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 reformn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u201echytr\u00fdch" reforem. <\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u0161ak n\u00e1zory, kter\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9mu hnut\u00ed velmi \u0161kod\u00ed. Marx vyslovil generalizuj\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011brn\u00e9 linie, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit se k podstat\u011b probl\u00e9mu. V Manifestu komunistick\u00e9 strany zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee d\u011blnick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda mus\u00ed v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b bojovat se \u201esvou" n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bur\u017eoazi\u00ed, aby t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u011bla k celosv\u011btov\u00e9mu procesu budov\u00e1n\u00ed bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eBoj proletari\u00e1tu s bur\u017eoazn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou, pokud ne obsahem, tak alespo\u0148 formou, je na sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku n\u00e1rodn\u00ed. P\u0159irozen\u011b proletari\u00e1t ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b se mus\u00ed zbavit ze v\u0161eho nejd\u0159\u00edve sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bur\u017eoazie."‘ Lenin v roce 1916, tedy je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed \u0158\u00edjnovou revoluc\u00ed, se ve sv\u00e9 stati \u201eVojensk\u00fd program prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 revoluce" jednozna\u010dn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee: \u201eRozvoj kapitalismu je ve sv\u00e9m nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stadiu nestejnom\u011brn\u011b rychl\u00fd v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Ani tomu nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jinak v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch tr\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdroby. Odsud vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee socialismus nem\u016f\u017ee zv\u00edt\u011bzit ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch nar\u00e1z. Nejd\u0159\u00edve zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 zemi, nebo skupin\u011b zem\u00ed." <\/p>\n

Jsme pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o tom, \u017ee revolu\u010dn\u00ed hnut\u00ed mus\u00ed zavrhnout n\u00e1zory politick\u00fdch sil, kter\u00e9 jednak upustily od historick\u00e9ho \u00fakolu revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny spole\u010dnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017e\u00ed zakr\u00fdt svou kompromisn\u00ed pozici ke \u201eglobalizaci". Soud\u00edme, \u017ee nutnost revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny a budov\u00e1n\u00ed socialismu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt artikulov\u00e1na komunistick\u00fdmi stranami, je\u017e mus\u00ed nutn\u011b b\u00fdt v opozici snah\u00e1m bur\u017eoazn\u00edch politick\u00fdch sil o spout\u00e1n\u00ed lidov\u00fdch hnut\u00ed a v\u0161ech dal\u0161\u00edch subjekt\u016f zpochyb\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch imperialistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a jejich uv\u011bzn\u011bni v jeho r\u00e1mci. Nutnost revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyslovena bez ohledu na to, v jak\u00e9m stadiu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pom\u011br sil v t\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi, nebo\u0165 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z charakteru epochy p\u0159echodu od kapitalismu k socialismu, jej\u00ed\u017e cestu otev\u0159ela pr\u00e1v\u011b Velk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 revoluce. <\/p>\n

Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n

Kol. aut.: K aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed problematice jednoty komunistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Sborn\u00edk vystoupen\u00ed na XXV. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 teoreticko-politick\u00e9 konferenci s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed. Vyd. Orego, Praha 2008 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ELIS\u00c9OS VAGENAS, \u0158ECKO – Je bez pochyb, \u017ee zvolen\u00e9 t\u00e9ma je velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 a mnoh\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dnes \u0159e\u010deno. Ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[5],"tags":[13],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/novysmer.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}